i72

Motif

Name_eng:

Stars are people

Description:

Stars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)

Name_rus:

Звезды – люди

Description_rus:

Звезды – антропоморфные существа (не учтены упоминания уникальных астральных объектов типа Венеры и Полярной звезды)

Motif type:

Cosmology and etiology

Motif group:

02 Moon spots, stars, constellations

Motif analysis result:

2. Only those motifs that are found in America (including the Aleuts, Eskimo and Northern Athabaskans)

3. Only those motifs that are found in Central and South America

4. All motifs of category 1 (cosmology) in sub-Saharan Africa and those motifs of category 2 (adventures) which are found in sub-Saharan Africa and widespread in the Indo-Pacific world with scarce or no cases in Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia

Motif analysis result tradition count all:

276

Linked traditions:

Areal ID	Tradition
1.1.1.1	Bushmen (all groups)
1.2.2.1	Shone (Shona, =Mashona, =Karanga), Makoni (Shoni dialect), Remba (=Hungwe, Wahungwe); Zezuru, Rozwi, Ndau (Vandau)
1.2.2.2	Bemba (Wemba, Babemba; incl Ambo, Lala, Lamba, Bisa), Holoholo, Kaonde
1.2.3.5	Lunda (Alunda)
1.2.4.1	Congo (Koongo, Bacongo; incl Vili, Fioti, (Ma)Yombe, MuKunyi), Ndombo, Luango (Loango), Zombo (Sambo), Laadi (Laari), (Ba)Fioti, Woyo (Kiwoyo)
1.2.4.12	Mongo (Mongo-Nkundu), Nkundu, Ngelima, Ngombe, (Ba)Tetela), Pende, Wu(Kusu), (Ba)Mbala (incl Saie, Kwilu)
1.2.4.7	Luba (Baluba, Luba-Katanga, Shaba), (Ba)Holoholo, Tumbwe, Bena-Piana, Tabwa, Benabena-Mitumba, Zela, Bene-Marungu
1.2.5.1	Ganda, (Ba)Nyoro, Nyankole, Masaba (Gisu), Luia (=Luyia, Haya, Luhya, Bantu Kawirondo; incl. Vugusu, Maragoli)
1.2.5.11	Hehe, Pangwa (Upper Rufudji area), Bena, Matumbi, Ngoni, Pogolo, (Ma)konde, Mawiha
1.2.5.13	Comoros Islands
1.2.5.3	Nyatutu, Kiniramba, Isanzu
1.2.5.8	Chagga (Jagga; incl Wasu), Pare, Digo
1.2.6.3	Fang (Pangwe), Eton, Bafia, Batanga, Benga, Bube (Bubi), Buheba, Yaunde (Ewondo), Yebekolo, Koko, Bulu, Beti (Beti-Bulu), Sekiani, Eghap
1.2.6.5	Aka, Baka (Badjue) and other Western (Bantu speaking) Pygmies
1.3.1.2	Tiv, Bamum (Bamun), Mungaka (Mgaka, Bali), Beba, Anaguta, Bete (Mbete, Karang), Ekoi, Nyang, Vute (Wute), Jukun, Chamba, Bamileke, Kwotto, Kirri; Denya (Nyang)
1.3.2.1	Hausa
1.3.2.2	Biu-Mandara: Margi, Kilba, Bura, Kera, Karekare (Kerri-Kerri), Bachama, Zulgo, Giziga, Hdi, Kapsiki, Mandara (incl Mukulehe, Matakam), Mofu (Mofu-Gudur), Somrai (Sibine, Shibha)
1.3.3.2	Akan, Ashanti, Akwapim; Ga (Accra), Kra, Twi (Chwi, Chi)
1.3.3.3	Krache (Kraci); Ga; Adele
1.3.3.4	Fon
1.3.3.5	Ewe
1.3.5.10	Mende, Loma, Gbunde (Gbandi, Bandi)
1.3.5.2	Mandjak, Mankanya, Pepel, Balant, Felupe, Diola (Jola)
1.4.3.5	Masai
1.4.3.6	Kalenjin; including Sabaot, Nandi (Nande), Arusha, Kipsigis, Pokot (Suk), Keiyo (Elgeiyo), Marakwet, Sebeei
1.4.4.2	Efe Pygmies, Kango (Mbuti) Pygmies
1.4.4.3	Banda, Gbaya (Baya), Manja, Ngbandi, Mbum (incl Mbaye), Fali; Mündü
1.4.4.4	Zande (Azande, incl Nzakara)
1.4.5.2	Sara, incl. Ngambaye (Ngambaï), Mbaï
1.4.6.2	Sandawe
10.1.1.4	Ami
10.2.2.1	Chinese folklore: Anhui, Jiangxi and data without precise provinience (incl Hakka, Min Dong)
10.2.3.4	Miao (Hmong) and Yao of Southern China
10.3.1.1	Ainu
10.3.2.1	Japanese folklore outside of Ryukyu
11.2.1.3	Aleuts
11.2.1.6	Kodiak
11.2.3.2	Copper
11.2.3.3	Netsilik
11.2.3.9	West Greenland
12.1.1.4	Tanana
12.1.1.9	Upper Tanana (Nebesna)
12.1.2.1	Tutchone
12.1.2.10	Dogrib, Slavey
12.1.2.2	Tagish
12.1.2.4	Tahltan
12.1.2.5	Tsetsaut
12.1.2.6	Kaska
12.2.1.3	Haida
12.2.1.4	Tsimshian
12.2.2.2	Kwakiutl (Kwakwaka'wakw)
12.2.2.4	Nootka (Nu-chah-nulth), Makah
12.3.1.2	Chilkotin
12.3.2.1	Shuswap
12.3.2.2	Thompson (Nlaka'pamux)
12.3.3.2	Coeur D'Alene, Kalispel (Pend d'Oreille; incl Spokane)
12.3.4.3	Lkungen (Straits; including Samish, Songish, Sooke, Lummi), Klallam
12.3.4.4	Lushootseed (Puget Sound: Puyallup, Nisqualmi, Snuqualmi, Duwamish, Muckleshoot, Snohomish, Skagit)
12.3.4.5	Twana (Skokomish)
12.3.4.6	Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis, (Lower) Cowlitz
12.3.5.1	Quinault
12.3.5.2	Quileute, Chemakum (Hoh)
12.3.6.1	Western Sahaptin (Upper Cowlitz, Klikitat, Tenino, Umatilla, Yakima, Wallawalla)
12.3.7.2	Tillamook
12.3.7.3	Coos
12.3.7.5	Kalapuya
12.3.7.9	Upper Chinook: Wasco, Wishram, Clackamas, Kathlamet
12.3.8.1	Kutenai
12.4.1.1	Winnebago
12.4.2.3	Northern Ojibwa (=Severn Ojibwa, Sandy Lake Cree, Northern Saulteaux)
12.4.2.4	Western Ojibwa (Chippewa)
12.4.2.5	Eastern Ojibwa (Missisauga, Timagami and other groups in eastern Ontario)
12.4.3.6	Eastern Cree
12.4.4.1	Plains Cree
12.5.1.1	Micmac
12.5.1.2	Malecite, Passamaquoddy
12.5.1.3	Wawenock, Abenaki, Penobscot
12.6.1.1	Yurok
12.6.1.2	Wiyot
12.6.2.1	Yana
12.6.3.4	Maidu, Nisenan, Konkov
12.6.6.3	Cahuilla, Cupeño
12.7.1.1	Northern Paiute (=Paviotso)
12.7.1.4	Washo
12.7.1.5	Eastern Shoshone
12.7.1.7	Western Shoshone, Gosiute
12.8.1.2	Zuni
12.8.2.2	Tewa (San Juan, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso, Tesuque, Nambé; Hano), Tiwa (Taos, Picuris; Sandia, Isleta), Towa (Jemez)
12.8.3.1	Navajo
12.8.3.5	Western Apache (White Mountain, San Carlos)
12.8.5.1	Pima
13.1.1.1	Blackfoot
13.1.1.2	Sarsee (Tsuu T'ina)
13.1.1.3	Gros Ventre
13.1.2.1	Assiniboine
13.1.3.4	Arikara
13.1.4.1	Teton (incl Oglala)
13.1.4.3	Santee
13.1.4.4	Osage
13.1.4.7	Oto
13.1.5.2	Cheyenne
13.2.1.1	Pawnee
13.2.1.2	Wichita; Spiro Mound iconography
13.2.1.3	Caddo
13.3.3.2	Alabama, Koasati
13.3.3.4	Choctaw, Chicasaw
13.3.4.1	Cherokee
14.1.1.1	Warihio (Guarijío), Tarahumara
14.1.1.4	Huichol
14.1.2.2	Aztec; Aztec and Teotihuacan iconography
14.1.2.5	Pame, Jonaz (Chichimeca-Jonaz), Mazahua, Otomi
14.1.3.1	Tepehua, Totonac
14.1.4.9	Mestizos of Soconuzco; Cotzumapguapa iconography
14.1.6.2	Lacandon
14.1.6.3	Kekchi; Mopan
14.1.7.5	Pipil
14.2.1.2	Jicaque
14.2.3.1	Kuna; XVI century data on Eastern Panama
14.3.2.1	Kogi (Cagaba), Sanha, Creols of Aritama Valley
14.3.3.1	Guajiro
14.3.4.2	Yupa (Yukpa)
14.3.4.5	Muisca, Muzo
14.4.1.2	Colorado (Tsachila)
14.4.2.3	Lima dep: Costa and adjacent Sierra (Spanish, Kechua, and Jacaru-speaking communities, mostly in Pachacamac, Cajatambo, Canta, Huarochirí; Spanish sources of XVI-XVII centuries)
14.4.2.5	Ica department, Costa (Spanish-speaking communities; Spanish sources of XVI-XVII centuries; Topara, Paracas and Nazca pre-Columbian iconography)
14.4.3.2	Kechua-speaking communities of Apurimac, Cuzco, Arequipa, Puno departments; Spanish sources of XVI-XVII centuries; Callawaya (Kechua with Pukina substratum)
15.1.1.2	Sicuani
15.1.2.1	Makiritare (Yecuana)
15.1.2.2	Piaroa
15.1.2.4	Panare (Eñape)
15.1.2.6	Saliva
15.1.3.1	Yanomamo (Yanoama): Yanomam, Yanomami
15.2.1.2	Creols of Eastern and Central Cuba
15.2.2.1	Warao
15.2.3.1	Pemon: Arekuna (incl. Kamarakoto), Taulipang (Taurepan)
15.2.3.2	Akawai
15.2.3.5	Domenica Caribs, Carifuna
15.2.3.6	Guiana Kariña, Kaliña, Galibi
15.2.3.8	Macuxi
15.3.1.2	Mai Huna (Coto, Orejon)
15.3.2.1	Cofan (Cofán)
15.3.3.1	Shuar, Achuar (Shiwiar)
15.3.3.2	Aguaruna, Huambiza
15.3.4.2	Barasana, Taibano, Macuna
15.3.4.3	Desana, Siriano; Tatuyo, Bara, Tuyuca
15.3.5.2	Kabiyari, Yukuna (Yucuna)
15.3.5.5	Baniwa (incl. Wakuenai), Bare, Piapoco, Curripaco, Siusi, Guarikena
15.3.6.1	Witoto, Ocaina
15.3.6.2	Bora
15.3.7.4	Chayahuita
15.4.1.2	Mura (Pirahã)
15.5.1.1	Amuesha
15.5.1.2	Ashaninca (Campa)
15.5.1.3	Machiguenga
15.5.1.4	Piro (Yine)
15.5.2.1	Culina, Paumarí, Arauá, Apurina, Cuniba
15.5.2.3	Shipibo, Conibo, Setebo
15.5.2.8	Harákmbet (=Mashco)
15.5.3.1	Tacana
15.5.3.3	Yuracare
15.5.4.1	Bolivian Guarani: Chiriguano (including assimilated Chane Arawaks), Pauserna (=Guarasu), Guarayu, Tapiete
15.5.4.5	Mojo, Baure, Itonama, Kanichana, Chiquito, Manasi
15.5.5.3	Yabuti, Amniapä, Kumana, Wari (Aikana), Moré (Itene)
15.6.3.3	Iranxe
15.6.3.4	Nambikwara
15.6.3.5	Paresi
15.6.4.1	Bororo
15.6.4.2	Umotina (Umutina)
15.7.1.1	Caraja
15.7.1.2	Tapirape
15.7.2.1	Cayapo (incl. Kubenkranken, Pau d’Arco, Shikrin or Xikrin)
15.7.2.3	Canela (Eastern Timbira): Ramkokamekra, Apaniekra
15.7.2.4	Craho
15.7.2.6	Apinaye (Apinage, Apinaje)
15.7.2.7	Shavante
15.7.2.8	Sherente
15.7.3.7	Kamakan; Kutasho
16.1.1.1	Caduveo, Mbaya
16.1.2.1	Ayoreo
16.1.2.2	Chamacoco (Ishir)
16.1.3.1	Nivakle (=Chulupi, Ashluslay, Ajlujlay)
16.1.3.3	Chorote
16.1.3.4	Mataco
16.1.4.1	Makka
16.1.4.3	Toba (incl Pilaga)
16.1.4.4	Mocovi; Kechua of Santiago del Estero with probable Guaikuruan substratum; Abipon
16.2.1.1	Mapuche
16.2.1.3	Northern and Southern Tehuelche
16.2.2.1	Selknam
16.2.2.2	Yamana (Yaghan), Alacaluf
2.1.1.1	Malagasy
3.1.1.1	Ancient Egypt
3.2.2.2	Geez, Tigrai, Tigre
3.3.1.3	Catalan
3.3.2.8	Italians: Northeast (Trentino – Alto Adige, Veneto, Venezia Giulia, Southern Tirol, Friuli, Istria)
3.3.3.1	Bretagne
3.4.1.1	Ancient Greece
3.5.1.1	Greeks (modern)
3.5.3.3	Transylvanian Saksons
4.1.2.1	Ukrainians: Western dialects to the East of Carpathians
4.1.2.2	Ukrainians: Eastern dialects
4.1.2.3	Ukrainians: Northern dialects
4.1.2.5	Byelarusians
4.2.5.1	Latvians
4.2.5.2	Lithuanians
5.1.1.1	Kalmyk
5.1.2.1	Crimea Tatars, Karaims
5.1.3.1	Abkhaz
5.2.1.1	Georgians
5.3.1.1	Old and New Testament
5.5.2.5	Salars
5.6.1.1	Indian literary tradition (Vedic, Brahman, Purana, Indian Buddhism, Hinduism, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Panchtantra, Jatakas); iconography of Hindu temples
5.6.2.1	Hindi-speaking peoples and casts (incl. Teli, Parahiya; incl. Chhattisgarhi) of Northern and West-Central India
5.6.2.9	Punjabi, Seraiki (Multani)
6.1.1.1	Santali, Turi, Mahli
6.1.1.11	Gutob (Gadaba)
6.1.1.3	Northern Munda of Kharwar branch: Birhor, Ho, Mundari, Kol, Asur (including Agaria, Kol, Birjhia), Bhumij
6.1.1.4	Bhuiya (now Aryans, originally Munda; Rahman 1955: 203), Baiga, Bhaina, Bhumia (subgroup of Baiga, incl Bharia, formerly Munda, now speak Indo-Aryan languages of neighboring groups)
6.1.1.5	Kharia
6.1.1.7	Bondo, Didayi (Gata')
6.1.1.8	Sora (Savara, Saora), Parenga
6.1.2.1	Oraon (Kurukh)
6.1.2.2	Kond (Khond, Kondh; language is Kui, incl Kuttia, Konda-Dora), Koya; Pengo
6.1.2.5	Maria, Muria, and other South-Central Dravidians: Binjhwar, Baсор, Bhattra, Bom, Jhoria (=Jhodia), Gadaba (in Koraput, neighbors of Munda-speaking Gadaba), Duruwa (Parji), Mehtar; Pardhan
6.2.2.4	Khasi
6.2.3.1	Eastern Arunachal Pradesh: Abor (incl Minyong, Shimong, Padam, Pasi, Panggi), Apa Tani (Apatani), Bori, Bugun, Dafla (=Nyishi, Nisi, Nishing, incl Tagin), Gallong (=Galo, Adi), Mishmi
6.2.3.3	Chin-Naga: Ao, Mao, Sema, Zeme, Liangmai, Kolren, Kom, Lhota, Rengma, Angami, Kabui, Tangkhul, Koirenf
6.2.3.5	Garo (Atchik), Kachari (Bodo, incl. Lalung), Dimasa, Tripuri, Riang (of Tripura), Khami, Riga, Mori
6.2.3.6	Kuki, Chiru, Falam (Hallam), Chin (Meitei =Manipuri, Khami, =Kumi), Lakher, Mizo (Lushei), Anal, Pawi (Lai), Purum, Koireng, Milhiem, Kolhen, Mru
6.2.4.1	Kachin (Jingpho), Chak, Maru
6.3.1.4	Thai of Thailand
6.3.1.8	Zhuang, Dong, Dai
6.3.2.10	Viet, Muong
6.3.2.8	Wa (incl Kawa), Bulang
6.4.1.1	Andamanese
6.4.1.3	Semang, Senoi
6.4.3.2	Batak (Toba, Dairi)
6.4.3.7	Mentawai
6.4.5.1	Yavanese, Kalang, Madura
6.4.6.2	Toraja (Toradja), To Mori, Barée (=Eastern Toraja)
6.4.7.3	Negrito (incl. Mamanwa)
6.4.7.5	Mindanao: Blaan (Bilaan), Bagobo, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Hiligáynon, Binukid, Magindaan (=Magindanao: main Muslim population), Mandaya, Mansaka, Manobo (Agusan, Ata, Dibabawon, Sarangani, Ilianen), Maranao, Subanon (=Subanun), Subanen, Tboli
6.4.8.1	Sumbawa (incl Dongo)
6.4.8.11	Ceram: Alune and Wemale (West Ceram), Patasiwa (Ceram), Honitetu (West Ceram Highlands); Nusawele, Hatuolu, Huaolu, Patasiwa; Ambon; Buru
6.4.8.3	Flores, incl Mangarai (Western Flores), Nage, Keo, Riung, Ngada or Nad'a (Central Flores), Sika (Eastern Flores)
6.4.8.4	Timor: Amarasi, Tetum, Meto, Atoni (incl Mollo), Kédang (Lomblen island), Leti Islands (Leti, Moa, Lakor)
6.4.8.7	Fataluku
7.1.1.1	Trans-New Guinea and unclassified Papuan groups of Irian Jaya: Mejprat, Arandai-Bintuni, Inanwatan-Berau, Papua of Gelvink (Cenderawasih) Bay, Kamoró, Marind Anim, Sawi, Mafore; Korowai; Kwerba; Momina, Eipo, Yale, Awyu, Muyu
7.1.2.1	Papua–NewGuinea Highland Papuans:Trans New Guinea & unclassified:Chimbu,Gimi,KaugelHuli,Gadsup,Kuman,Kutubu,Foi (Foe),Kyaka,Kamano (Kafe),Mawatta,Kukukuku (=Anga,=Sambia;Manki,Nauti,Ejuti),Baruya,Kewa,Tembregak,Menya,Melpa,Wiru,Pondoma
7.1.2.2	New Guinea Northern Lowland Papuan groups (Trans New Guinea and unclassified): Komba, Gimi, Susure, Orokaiva, Bogadjim, Ngain, Bargam, Nankina, Yupta Valley, Urawa Valley, Pondoma (Anam)
7.1.3.1	Torricelli family: Valman, Samap, Arapesh (Upper, Coastal), Monumbo, Lilau, Ngaimbom; Moando (Banara); Menya, Olo, Buna
7.1.5.2	Melanesians of southeastern New Guinea: Mekeo, Motu, Sinagoro, Koita (Koitapu), Mukawa (Are), Wagawaga, Taupota, Awaiama, Gelaria, Goodenough Bay, Bartle Bay, Wedau (Wamira village)
7.1.5.4	Melanesians and Papuans of Bismark Archipelago: New Britain (Tolai, Lakalai, Kuni, Sulka, Baining, Gazelle peninsula), New Ireland (Patpatar =Pala), St Matthias Group, Mioko (Melanesians between New Britain and New Ireland)
7.1.5.5	Melanesians of Admiralty Islands (incl Manus); Seimat (Western Islands)
7.1.5.6	Melanesians and Papuans of Northern Solomons: Buka, Bougainville (Siuai, Buin)
7.1.6.3	Santa Cruz Islands (incl. Reef Islands)
7.1.6.4	Northern Vanuatu: Banks Islands (incl Mota, Mota Lava, Gaua, Santa Maria), Torres Islands
7.1.6.6	Southern Vanuatu: Tanna, Aneiteum (Polynesian component not included), Eromanga
7.2.1.10	Tokelau
7.2.1.9	Tikopia, Bellona, Rennell, partly Aneytium, Futuna (=Erronan, not to be mixed with Futuna in Western Polynesia), Vaeaka-Taumato, incl Matema, Nifeloli, Nukapu, Nupani, Pileni
7.2.2.1	Maori, Moriori (Chatam Islands)
7.2.3.1	Society Islands: Tahiti, Borabora, Raiatea
7.2.3.6	Marquesas
7.2.5.3	Ifaluk, Woleai, Lamutrek, Faraulip Satawal, Elato, Western Fayu
7.2.5.6	Marshall Islands, incl Ailinglapalap, Arno, Jaluit, Kili, Lae, Maloelap, Majuro, Ratak, Wotho, Ujae, Jaluit (=Jalooj), Namdrik
7.2.5.7	Gilbert Islands (Kiribati), Nauru, Banaba (Ocean island)
8.1.2.1	SE Australia: Kamilaroi, Yualarai (Ualarai, Euahlayi), Milpulo (Mailpurgu), Wuradjeri (Wiradjurim, Wiradjeri, Wurundjeri, Yarra, Yarra Yarra), Wongaibon (Wonghibon), Noongahburrah (Narran, Narran River), Kurnai, and many others (see file 0.doc)
8.1.3.1	Arnhem Land: Enindhilyagwa (Groote Eilandt), KuTiwi, Yulengor, Mara, Oenpelli, Murngin, Roper River, Maung, Murinbata, Murngin (Duwal), Millingimbi, Goulburn Island, Ngulugwongga, Yirrkalla, Voctoria River Downs, Alawa, Anu, Kunwinjku
8.1.5.3	Western Australia: Walmanjeri, Njolnjol (Njulnjul, Nyul-Nyul), Worora, Kariara (Karierra), Karadjari (Karadjeri, Garadjari), Djaberdjaber (Djaberadjabera), Ngarluma, Wiilman (Wheelman), Bibbulmum (Pebelman), Burong (Panaka)
9.1.1.4	Siberian Tatars
9.1.2.2	Khakas
9.1.3.1	Tuvinians of Tuva
9.10.1.3	Udeghe
9.10.2.1	Nivkh
9.2.2.3	Southern Selkups
9.2.3.3	Enets