Batak (Toba, Dairi)



Tradition title rus: 
Батаки (тоба, даири)
Areal ID: 
6.4.3.2
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
66.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
47.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a12cEclipses: reptiles and fishDuring an eclipse or at the sunset the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a reptile (a snake, a lizard, a dragon, a crocodile) or a fish
a14Eclipses: relations between the Sun and the MoonComing together of the Sun and the Moon is the reason of their eclipses
a14aThe conflict between the Sun and the MoonThe Sun and the Moon are or were enemies, either permanently or in particular situations
a2Several sunsIn a certain time in the past three or more suns were on the sky simultaneously
a2aThe sun is a source of distructive heatThe world was or will be (almost) burned when several suns had (will) appear(ed) simultaneously; or the only sun was too hot (or bright)
a2bExtra suns and moons annihilatedOther suns or moons besides present ones had been in the sky and were later annihilated
a2cExtra suns are children of the present oneExtra suns who almost burned or could burn the world are children of the present one
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a4Female sunThe Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female
a41The Sun swallows her childrenTwo persons have children (younger siblings, mothers). One of them proposes to another that they should kill (eat, bake, etc.) their children (mothers, etc.) but hides his or her own. The opponent actually kills his or her own kin. One of the persons or/and the only survived child is the Sun
a6The Sun and the Moon are femalesBoth the Sun and the Moon are considered to be females (incl. cases when the gender is not directly specified but both emerge from parts of the body of a female person)
a7The sun pursues the moonThe Sun and the Moon are two persons one of which is pursuing another in the sky or pursued him or her when they were rising to the sky from the earth
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b3eEarth falls on watersIn the beginning there are only air and water. 1) Person descends from the sky, creates the dry land or a hard support created for her or him grows into the earth. 2) The earth is sent or dropped from the sky, put on the surface of the water. 3) The earth is brought from somewhere (not from the underworld) and put on the water
b42nOrion is one personConstellation of Orion or the Belt of Orion is identified with only one male person, usually with a warrior or hunter
b77Primeval sky close to earthOriginally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up
c25bA spinner in the MoonIn the sky, on the Moon (rare: on the Sun), i.e. somewhere outside of our world certain person is spinning, weaving, plaiting, or embroidering
c5aBird-scoutsBirds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living
e5cPeople from the skyThe first people or first anthropomorphic divine beings descend to earth from the sky.
e9The mysterious housekeeperPerson observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one
f7The underwater-maidenMan takes or attempts to take a wife who is connected with the underwater world (fish, crab, snake, water animal and the like)
g20Woman turns into plantsFood crops emerge from remains of a woman or girl
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
g6Primeval treeOne of the trees is the principal, original one (emerged before all the other; ancestor of wild or cultivated plants; ocean or rivers inside it; world axis; higher than all the others; overshadows sky)
i12The world axisA tree or post pierces and unites different layers of the universe
i13aThe horned serpentGiant water-chthonic or sky serpent or dragon has horns or antlers on its head
i39Rainbow road or bridgeRainbow is a road, a bridge or a ladder
i43aThe celestial monsterGiant reptilian monster (serpent, more rare fish, chain of fish) extends in the sky and/or supports the sky being associated with Milky Way or the rainbow
i44Chthonic serpentGiant serpent lies on the perimeter of the earth or supports the earth
i45bNot to point at the rainbowIt to point at the rainbow, pointing finger or entire arm will rot, wither or become crooked
i51aBull the earth-holderBig mammal supports the earth
i72Stars are peopleStars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)
i72aStars are children of the Sun and the MoonStars are children of the Moon and/or the Sun
i81aThe chthonic crabA giant crab produces earthquakes or floods, stops or can stop flow of the waters into the chasm or on the contrary prevents waters from being dammed.
i81a1The crab and the serpentThe confrontation between the crab and the serpent (eel) produces the present landscape features or has the cosmic scale
i8cThe suspended earthThe earth does not fall down or swing because it is suspended to ropes
i8fOne support of the worldOnly one pole or mountain supports the earth or the sky
i8iOriginal earth unstableOriginally the earth was unstable and swung, then it was fixed up
i9Colors of the cardinal directionsFour cardinal directions and/or some objects associated with them are associated with different colors
i98cThe Pleiades is a flock of birdsThe Pleiades is a flock of birds (in flight)
j21Birth from eggsGods, first people or founders of the royal lineages are born from eggs
j26Babies come out of the waterBaby heroes, embryos or objects from which they emerge are found in a river or lake or come to people out of the water
j58The arrow ladderPersons shoot arrows (darts) which hit each other’s end forming a chain (rope, ladder). Persons climb by this chain to the sky or (rare) across an obstacle
j59Following arrow to get to the skyTo climb to the sky, person must first to shoot an arrow that reaches the sky and sticks to it
k10Fight with the monstrous birdMonstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it
k24Stolen clothes of supernatural womanWomen (rare: men) who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons; rare: a girl of higher social status than the hero) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a person hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him (rare: her)
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k77aSmall objects and animals defeat the ogreSmall objects and animals (rare: animals alone but including those who really are harmless) revenge on a powerful enemy making attack on him in succession (usually they hide in his or her house); the enemy is badly injured, runs away or dies
l105Invisible missileAnimal, fish or person wounded by hero runs or swims away, usually with the man's projectile in his or her body. Local doctors are not able to cure the wound (usually because they do not see the projectile). The hero or his companion comes to the place where the wounded one lives and cures him or her (usually extracting his projectile from the wound)
l106Lost object claimed backAn antagonist makes a demand to the hero which is correct in form but really is unjustified. The hero fulfills the claims or is punished. Now antagonist takes an object or animal possessed by the hero, is unable to give it back and is punished
l112Complete body obtainedA boy is born having only half of a body or only a head. Ultimately he obtains normal body
l85One-sided peopleOne-sided people have one leg and/or also one arm, one half of a head, etc. The second leg is not cut or burned off, preserved as a stump but is absent completely
l85aOne-sided childPerson is born as half of a child or loses his or her half in an accident. The person does not belong to any category of supernatural beings and usually turns into normal girl or young man
l85b1After coming to the sky, the lad gets a normal bodyA lad with incomplete or grotesque body becomes normal after coming to the sky (coming to God, getting back to the earth)
m104Make believe killing of kinsfolkPerson conceals his or her close relatives (children, mother, brothers) and tells another that he or she has killed them. Another believes and agrees to kill his or her own children, mother, etc.
m105aMake believe killing of childrenPerson conceals her children and tells another one that she has killed them. Another person really kills her own
m29gTrickster-hare or rabbitIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit
m3Chain of animalsPerson crosses a water or air space along the chain of many animals, birds or fish
m5dThe squirrel the creeping fishThe squirrel and the creeping fish are smart and get medicines for each other
m60aA hunter comes to one whom he woundedAn animal or a supernatural creature is wounded but escapes. Local doctors are helpless. The hero or his companion, masked as a doctor, comes to the wounded one and either cures or kills him.
m91c3Hare the messengerAfter warning his wife about the planned trick, person lets free a wild animal or bird asking it to pass a message to his wife. Seeing the same (actually another) animal or bird in his companion’s house another man buys the animal for a lot of money


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