Malay; Temuan (incl Mantra or Mentra), Jakun (Moken)



Tradition title rus: 
Малайцы; темуан (вкл. мантра, они же ментра), джакун (мокен, маукены)
Areal ID: 
6.4.2.1
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
98.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
65.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a12aEclipses: a predator animalDuring an eclipse or at other circumstances the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a predator animal (a bear, a feline, a canine, a racoon)
a12cEclipses: reptiles and fishDuring an eclipse or at the sunset the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a reptile (a snake, a lizard, a dragon, a crocodile) or a fish
a14Eclipses: relations between the Sun and the MoonComing together of the Sun and the Moon is the reason of their eclipses
a14aThe conflict between the Sun and the MoonThe Sun and the Moon are or were enemies, either permanently or in particular situations
a15Eclipses: crossing of the pathsThe lunar (and solar) eclipse or spots on the lunar disc are expained by the fact that the Sun or the Moon came to a wrong path or that their paths crossed
a2Several sunsIn a certain time in the past three or more suns were on the sky simultaneously
a2aThe sun is a source of distructive heatThe world was or will be (almost) burned when several suns had (will) appear(ed) simultaneously; or the only sun was too hot (or bright)
a2bExtra suns and moons annihilatedOther suns or moons besides present ones had been in the sky and were later annihilated
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a32hThe Moon plantA tree or bush is seen in the moon
a36The immortal MoonThe Moon, unlike people, revives or rejuvenates every month; or those who live in the Moon are immortal; or the Moon makes decision if people should die forever or regularly revive
a4Female sunThe Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female
a41The Sun swallows her childrenTwo persons have children (younger siblings, mothers). One of them proposes to another that they should kill (eat, bake, etc.) their children (mothers, etc.) but hides his or her own. The opponent actually kills his or her own kin. One of the persons or/and the only survived child is the Sun
a46The Sun and Moon emerge from the eyes of a beingThe Sun and Moon (Rig-Veda: the Sun only) appear from eyes of an anthropomorphic being
a46aThe Sun and Moon are eyes of a deityThe Sun and Moon (Rig-Veda: the Sun only) are associated with eyes of an anthropomorphic being (the motif of their emergence, creation from his eyes is not obligatory)
a6The Sun and the Moon are femalesBoth the Sun and the Moon are considered to be females (incl. cases when the gender is not directly specified but both emerge from parts of the body of a female person)
a7The sun pursues the moonThe Sun and the Moon are two persons one of which is pursuing another in the sky or pursued him or her when they were rising to the sky from the earth
b2eThe male earthThe earth or the world as a whole is a male person (alone or together with a female person)
b36aTwo creatures decorate each otherTwo zoomorphic personages decorates each other or somebody decorates each of them
b38The ruined paintingPerson paints birds or animals or they paint each other. Some of them are not satisfied with the result
b38aTwo birds decorate each otherTwo birds decorate each other, one becomes worse than it was before
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b74bThe marriage of the owl and the MoonThe (proposed) marriage of the owl and the Moon broke up or has never been realized
b77Primeval sky close to earthOriginally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up
b77aGiant pushed the sky upOne or several (animal)-persons push sky up to its present height
b77bSky touched with a long objectThe sky rose to its present height and/or the direct relations of the sky deity with the people were broken off when the sky or the deity was touched or struck with a long object (a pestle, a broom, etc.)
b77b1Sky touched with a pestleThe sky rose to its present height and/or the direct relations of the sky deity with the people were broken off when the sky or the deity was pushed up, touched or struck with a pestle or with a ladle during the preparation of food
b82The white ravenRaven or other carrion-eating bird of dark color and a similar size was originally white
c25bA spinner in the MoonIn the sky, on the Moon (rare: on the Sun), i.e. somewhere outside of our world certain person is spinning, weaving, plaiting, or embroidering
d13eHunters laugh at killed animalsHunters perish because they were laughing at the killed (and revived) animal
f54OedipusA young man and a woman (Konkani: a young girl and a man) marry and later get to know that they commited incest
f64aDescribes future husbandGoing away or pretending to die, a person bids his or her relative to marry another person who resembles him (her) or has some special traits; or he describes a man who should be met as a dear guest; person comes himself unrecognized and is taken for one whom he had described
f64bIncestuous womanA woman pretends to be a stranger to have sexual relations with her (grand)son, daughter or brother
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
h34cFlying riceRice could flow arriving by itself to the household
h54bThe glance of deathPerson’s glance brings death (and destruction)
h7The personified DeathDeath (also Old Age, Disease, etc.) is a particular person not identical with the Master of the Dead. He kills people usually carrying away their souls
i11Cosmic turtle or toadA turtle, toad, or frog supports the earth (sky) or is its embodiment
i12The world axisA tree or post pierces and unites different layers of the universe
i124Ursa major is a boatUrsa major is a boat
i130The sky netOne of costellations is a hunting or fishing net, trap, snare
i22Objects in permanent movementThere are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)
i22gClapping rocksThere are mountains or rocks which permanently collide and separate again from each other or a crack (jaws) in a vertical cliff which is opening and closing
i37fFungi are earsFungi or mushrooms are named “ears”
i39Rainbow road or bridgeRainbow is a road, a bridge or a ladder
i41Rainbow serpentRainbow is a reptile (usually a snake) or (more rare) a fish, or it is related to snake, to its tongue, breath, or to scorpion's tail
i42Rainbow is a pair of creaturesRainbow is two creatures or persons, usually a male and a female
i44Chthonic serpentGiant serpent lies on the perimeter of the earth or supports the earth
i51aBull the earth-holderBig mammal supports the earth
i52Fish the earth-holderWorld is supported by fish or fish-like monster or the earth itself is such a monster
i55Stars are openingsStars are openings in the firmament; holes in dwelling's covering are thought to be stars
i72aStars are children of the Sun and the MoonStars are children of the Moon and/or the Sun
i81aThe chthonic crabA giant crab produces earthquakes or floods, stops or can stop flow of the waters into the chasm or on the contrary prevents waters from being dammed.
i81bHaribda (the origin of tides)It is tide when a creature belches out the sea water or ousts it with its body and it is ebb when it swallows the water or lets it go back (or it is simply told that water periodically emerge and disappears into the maelstrom
i82aVenus is maleMorning and/or Evening Star is a male personage
i82iVenus is Zahra (Zuhra, Zura, etc.)The name of an object of the night sky (usually Venus) is like Zakhra, Zukhra, Zura, etc.
i8fOne support of the worldOnly one pole or mountain supports the earth or the sky
i8gAtlasOne giant supports the earth or the sky
i8iOriginal earth unstableOriginally the earth was unstable and swung, then it was fixed up
i92bTreasure under the rainbowThere is a treasure under the extremities of the rainbow
j26Babies come out of the waterBaby heroes, embryos or objects from which they emerge are found in a river or lake or come to people out of the water
k24Stolen clothes of supernatural womanWomen (rare: men) who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons; rare: a girl of higher social status than the hero) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a person hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him (rare: her)
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27o1Head used as ballSevered human heads are compared with balls or used as balls
k27x9To bring an object from the sea bottomThe hero must bring a small object (often a finger ring) from the bottom of a deep waterbody (often the sea)
k33hThe cat, the dog and the magic objectA man obtains an object that fulfills his wishes. The object is stolen but brought back by the animals (which had been saved by the man before)
k47aA woman and a dogAfter having sexual contact with a dog, a woman gives birth to his children. The puppies turn into humans and usually become ancestors of particular groups of people
k75The youngest daughter is willing (The loathsome bridegroom)A girl (usually the youngest of several sisters) does not reject but marries a poor, sick, dirty, old, too young, non-human, etc. man who later demonstrates his supernatural qualities
k8aJonah: swallowed by monsterPerson gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
l107The ear-sleepersAnthropomorphic beings have huge ears (use them for blankets, umbrellas, etc.)
l111Hook from the skyThe sky dwellers fish human beings who live on earth with a line and a hook
m104Make believe killing of kinsfolkPerson conceals his or her close relatives (children, mother, brothers) and tells another that he or she has killed them. Another believes and agrees to kill his or her own children, mother, etc.
m105aMake believe killing of childrenPerson conceals her children and tells another one that she has killed them. Another person really kills her own
m110The forgotten liverAn animal is tricked to be carried across the water by those who are going to eat or to use as a medicine a part of its body. The animal tells that forgot to take just that part which is needed, is carried back to take it, escapes
m131Biting tree-rootA stronger (animal)-person gets to seize a leg or tail of a weaker one. To get free the weaker one pretends that his pursuer got hold of a tree root, and the pursuer lets his enemy free
m143Fox in a wellGetting into a well or pit and being unable to climb out animal person tricks another to descend and thanks to this gets out while the second person remains below
m144The wasp nest as king’s drumOne animal person gets to convince another that dangerous or disgusting objects are attractive and delicious (a wasp nest is a drum, a snake is a girdle, a heap of dung is a delicacy, etc.)
m145The lion in a wellA weak (animal) person demonstrates a strong one his reflection in water. The latter believes that an animal like he contests his supremacy, invites him for a visit, etc., usually jumps in and drowns
m152Why only one wolf?When a weak animal or a person gets to see a predator animal or an ogre, he says in a loud voice (or asks to say his wife or children) something that frightens the predator (ogre): why the predator (ogre) brought to him is lean (small; only one instead of several), or it is good that more food gets to his house, etc. The predator (ogre) runs away
m152dThe elephant is saved from the tiger’s gripThe elephant and the tiger (lion) make a competition (usually argue whose voice is louder). The tiger wins and is going to eat the elephant but a small animal saves the latter
m152eWhose voice is louderЕhe tiger (lion) and another animal make a competition whose voice is louder. The tiger’s voice is louder but ultimately he loses
m156The ungrateful one returned to captivityAn (animal) person saves a dangerous animal from a snare or the like. The saved one is going to kill his savior but the third person saves the second (usually tricks the first one to captivity again)
m156aObjects that give the answersDangerous animal seeks to kill a person or other animal who rescued it from captivity. The dangerous animal and its victim agree to ask somebody else if a good deed should be repayed with a bad one. Inanimate objects are among those who answer to this question
m158aDividing the harvest (The unjust partner)Two animal persons work their land together and agree to share the profits. While one is working hard, another only pretends to be useful but claims for himself (greater) part of the harvest
m169Medicine for the sick lionIn the presence of powerful person one of his subjects is plotting against the other. The other answers that the problem can be resolved if the first one would be maimed (usually a part of his body used as a medicine). The schemer is killed or injured
m183A race: one against manyMany animals of one species that all look identical together fulfill the task that would be impossible for any of them if he were alone; the competitors believe that the task was fulfilled by only one animal. Usually a slow and a fast animals agree to race. The slow one puts other animals of his species at the finish or along the distance, each one answering the fast one that he is ahead of him. The fast one accepts his loss
m187Snail is a participant of the raceA snail (other mollusk, trepang, etc.) participates in the race and wins
m29vThe duiker (mouse-deer) wins thanks to his smartnessBeing smart and witty, a small ungulate overcomes strong adversaries. The hero is a duiker, a mouse-deer or other small even-toed ungulates that are not very close biologically but look similar. In some publications on African folklore it is difficult to say what species is meant in particular case
m29w2The tiger is a failure Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the tiger suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m51Meat in a treeOne of two animal-persons kills game. In the absence of the stronger one, the weaker one hides the meat to eat it alone later
m5aPassengers of the sinking canoeSmall animals ride a canoe, it sinks, all try to save their lives in their own way
m5bThe ungrateful passengerAn animal (often the rat) who cannot swim well is brought to the shore by another one but pays him with ingratitude
m5dThe squirrel the creeping fishThe squirrel and the creeping fish are smart and get medicines for each other
m91c2Put into the bagPerson is put into a bag (a cage, tied up, etc.) to be drowned, burned, etc. He pretends to be in this situation by his own will or because he refuses to marry a princess, to become a chief and the like. Another person is willing to take his place and is killed


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Mentawai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Mindanao: Blaan (Bilaan), Bagobo, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Hiligáynon, Binukid, Magindaan (=Magindanao: main Muslim population), Mandaya, Mansaka, Manobo (Agusan, Ata, Dibabawon, Sarangani, Ilianen), Maranao, Subanon (=Subanun), Subanen, Tboli
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Simeulue, Nias
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Southern Luzon: Pampango, Pangacian, Sambal, Tagal, Tayabas; Calamian
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Bondo, Didayi (Gata')
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Timor: Amarasi, Tetum, Meto, Atoni (incl Mollo), Kédang (Lomblen island), Leti Islands (Leti, Moa, Lakor)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Tlingit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Tjam, Ede, Jörai (Jarai)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Bugi, Macassar
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Bahnar, Bana, Sedang, Por

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Lampung (Lampong); South Sumatra Malays (incl. Bengkulu)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Minahasa (incl. Tondano, Tentemboan), Bantik
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Arabs (literary tradition; incl. One Thousand and One Nights)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Lisu, Achang, Taunyo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Northern Halmahera Papuans: Galela, Loda, Pagu, Modole, Tabaru (Tobaru), Tobelo, Tidore, Ternate
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Dusun, Murut, Kelabit, Tombonuwo, Bajau, Tidong, Rungus
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tjam, Ede, Jörai (Jarai)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Viet, Muong
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Burmese, Intha
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Truk, Eastern Fayu, Losap, Pulap, Puluwat, Mortlock (incl. Satawan)