b77

Motif

Name_eng:

Primeval sky close to earth

Description:

Originally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up

Name_rus:

Низкое небо

Description_rus:

Небо было рядом с землей, затем поднялось

Motif type:

Cosmology and etiology

Motif group:

03 Cosmogony, the earth and the sky, etiology of the elements, natural and biological phenomena (fire, water, soil, thunderstorms, dream, etc.), cataclysms and cosmic threats, spirits of nature

Motif analysis result:

2. Only those motifs that are found in America (including the Aleuts, Eskimo and Northern Athabaskans)

3. Only those motifs that are found in Central and South America

4. All motifs of category 1 (cosmology) in sub-Saharan Africa and those motifs of category 2 (adventures) which are found in sub-Saharan Africa and widespread in the Indo-Pacific world with scarce or no cases in Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia

Motif analysis result tradition count all:

219

ATU ID:

Stith Thompson ID:

A625.2, A660

Linked traditions:

Areal ID	Tradition
1.2.5.1	Ganda, (Ba)Nyoro, Nyankole, Masaba (Gisu), Luia (=Luyia, Haya, Luhya, Bantu Kawirondo; incl. Vugusu, Maragoli)
1.2.5.13	Comoros Islands
1.2.5.3	Nyatutu, Kiniramba, Isanzu
1.2.5.8	Chagga (Jagga; incl Wasu), Pare, Digo
1.3.1.4	Igbo (Ibo); Isoko, Urhobo
1.3.1.5	Yoruba; incl Ife), Nupe, Bini (Edo), Engenni, Chamba, Dakka, Kukuruku
1.3.1.6	Ijaw (incl. Kalabari)
1.3.2.1	Hausa
1.3.2.1	Hausa
1.3.2.2	Biu-Mandara: Margi, Kilba, Bura, Kera, Karekare (Kerri-Kerri), Bachama, Zulgo, Giziga, Hdi, Kapsiki, Mandara (incl Mukulehe, Matakam), Mofu (Mofu-Gudur), Somrai (Sibine, Shibha)
1.3.2.5	Lele, Tobanga
1.3.3.1	Bia: Anyi, Agni, Baule, Nsema
1.3.3.2	Akan, Ashanti, Akwapim; Ga (Accra), Kra, Twi (Chwi, Chi)
1.3.3.3	Krache (Kraci); Ga; Adele
1.3.3.4	Fon
1.3.3.5	Ewe
1.3.4.1	Kposso, "Togo-Restvölker" (Adele, Akebu, Akposso, Bowiri/Bowili, Santrokofi, Lelemi, Borada Akrade, Teteman, Baakwa, Bowiri)
1.3.4.2	Northern Gur (Oti-Volta): Mamprussi, Dagomba, Dagari (Dagara; incl Lodaga), Bassari, Mosi, Nankanse, Konkomba, Moba; Ditammari, Nyende, Bulsa (pl Builsa, Bulo)
1.3.4.3	Southern Gur (Oti-Volta): Grusi, Kabiye, Kasena, Lyela (Lyele), Wala, Dyan
1.3.4.5	Dogon
1.3.4.7	Senufo
1.3.5.3	Tenda (incl Bedik, Basari), Biafada, Nalu, Pajadinka, Badyara (Badiaranke)
1.3.5.9	Kpelle (incl Kono)
1.4.1.1	Nubians
1.4.2.1	Dinka, Atuot, Nuer
1.4.2.6	Uduk
1.4.2.7	Nyimang (incl Ama)
1.4.3.5	Masai
10.1.1.1	Northern Taiwan: Atayal (Tayal; Taruko (Toda, Taokas, Torok, Taroko), Pazeh, Sedeq (Sediq, Seedeq, Sazek), Saisiyat (Saixia); Kawalan
10.1.1.2	Central Taiwan: Bunun (Vonum), La'arua, Tsou, Kanabu, Kanakanabu
10.1.1.3	Southern Taiwan: Rukai, Paiwan, Puyuma, Saaroa, Ketangalan
10.1.1.4	Ami
10.2.1.1	Early Chinese written sources
10.2.2.11	Shandong Chinese
10.2.2.12	Hunan and Guixhou Chinese
10.2.2.3	Sichuan Chinese
10.2.2.4	Fujian (Fukian) Chinese
10.2.2.5	Jiangsu and Zhejang Chinese
10.2.2.6	Henan and Hubei Chinese
10.2.2.7	Shaanxi Chinese
10.2.2.7	Shaanxi Chinese
10.2.2.8	Chinese of Qinghai and Gansu provinces and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
10.2.2.9	Shanxi and Hebei Chinese
10.2.3.2	Lisu, Achang, Taunyo
10.2.3.4	Miao (Hmong) and Yao of Southern China
10.2.3.6	Li
10.2.3.9	Dong, Maonan, Gelao
10.2.4.1	Koreans; Goguryeo
10.3.2.3	Southern and Central; Ryukyu Islands: Yaeyama, Miyako, Okinawa
10.3.2.4	Japan AD 700-1700
11.2.1.6	Kodiak
12.1.1.10	Tanacross
12.1.1.8	Athna
12.1.1.9	Upper Tanana (Nebesna)
12.1.2.6	Kaska
12.2.2.4	Nootka (Nu-chah-nulth), Makah
12.3.2.2	Thompson (Nlaka'pamux)
12.3.4.3	Lkungen (Straits; including Samish, Songish, Sooke, Lummi), Klallam
12.3.7.9	Upper Chinook: Wasco, Wishram, Clackamas, Kathlamet
12.6.1.7	Yuki (Yuki proper, Coastal Yuki, Huchnob)
12.6.3.4	Maidu, Nisenan, Konkov
12.7.1.7	Western Shoshone, Gosiute
12.8.1.1	Hopi
12.8.1.2	Zuni
12.8.3.1	Navajo
12.8.3.5	Western Apache (White Mountain, San Carlos)
12.8.4.1	Upland Yuma: Walapai, Havasupai, Yavapai
12.8.4.2	Diegueño: Ipai, Tipai, Kamia (Kumeai)
12.8.4.3	Cocopa
12.8.4.4	Yuma proper (Quechan), Mohave, Maricopa
14.1.1.4	Huichol
14.1.2.2	Aztec; Aztec and Teotihuacan iconography
14.1.4.1	Chinantec, Mazatec
14.1.4.8	Zoque; Izapa iconography (I millennium BC)
14.1.5.3	Chol; pre-Columbian Mayan iconography
14.2.1.2	Jicaque
14.3.1.1	Choco: Embera, Nonama (Waunana), XVI century Dabaiba, pre-Columbian iconography of Sinu
15.1.1.2	Sicuani
15.1.1.3	Cuiva
15.1.2.1	Makiritare (Yecuana)
15.2.4.7	Wayapi, Emerillon
15.3.1.1	Siona, Secoya, Coreguaje
15.3.1.2	Mai Huna (Coto, Orejon)
15.3.5.2	Kabiyari, Yukuna (Yucuna)
15.3.5.5	Baniwa (incl. Wakuenai), Bare, Piapoco, Curripaco, Siusi, Guarikena
15.3.6.1	Witoto, Ocaina
15.3.7.1	Ticuna (Tucuna)
15.4.3.4	Anambé
15.4.4.1	Tenetehara
15.4.4.2	Urubu (Urubu-Kaapor)
15.5.1.1	Amuesha
15.5.1.2	Ashaninca (Campa)
15.5.1.3	Machiguenga
15.5.2.2	Kanamari
15.5.2.3	Shipibo, Conibo, Setebo
15.5.2.4	Cashibo
15.5.2.7	Matses (Mayoruna)
15.5.2.8	Harákmbet (=Mashco)
15.5.3.1	Tacana
15.5.3.2	Moseten, Chimane
15.5.5.4	Suruí, Gaviâo, Zoro, Arua, Cinta Larga
15.6.1.1	Mundurucu, Curuaia
15.6.2.2	Bakairi
15.7.3.6	Botocudo
16.1.2.1	Ayoreo
16.1.2.2	Chamacoco (Ishir)
16.1.3.1	Nivakle (=Chulupi, Ashluslay, Ajlujlay)
16.2.2.1	Selknam
16.2.2.2	Yamana (Yaghan), Alacaluf
2.1.1.1	Malagasy
3.1.1.1	Ancient Egypt
3.2.1.4	Somali
3.2.2.4	Oromo (Galla), Konso, Sidamo, Darasa, Bussa (Bassa), Kambata, Guji
3.4.1.1	Ancient Greece
3.5.1.1	Greeks (modern)
3.5.1.2	Bulgarians
3.5.2.2	Serbs, Monte Negro,
3.5.2.4	Croatians; Italians of Dalmatia (if the motif is absent among other Italians)
3.5.3.1	Hungarians
3.5.3.2	Romanians, Moldavians, Aromanians
3.5.4.1	Gagauz
3.5.5.1	Greeks of Cyprus
4.2.4.2	Estonians
4.3.1.1	Komi (Zyrians and Permyaks)
4.3.1.2	Udmurt
4.3.2.1	Mari (Cheremis)
4.3.2.3	Chuvash
4.3.3.1	Kazan (Middle Volga) Tatars
4.3.3.2	Bashkirs
5.1.5.2	Nogai
5.1.5.3	Kumyk, Terekemen
5.1.7.5	Lezgians, Archin, Kürin; Khinalug
5.2.1.1	Georgians
5.2.2.1	Armenians
5.2.2.4	Talysh
5.2.3.1	Hittite, Hurrit
5.3.1.3	Sumer
5.3.1.4	Akkad, Assyria, Babylonia
5.4.4.1	Kafir, or Nuristani: Prasun; Kati (incl. Paruni), Ashkun (Ashunu), Waigali
5.5.2.6	Hui of Xinjiang, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Qinghai (rare Hui texts from Southern and Eastern China are clustered with the Chinese ones)
5.6.1.1	Indian literary tradition (Vedic, Brahman, Purana, Indian Buddhism, Hinduism, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Panchtantra, Jatakas); iconography of Hindu temples
5.6.2.1	Hindi-speaking peoples and casts (incl. Teli, Parahiya; incl. Chhattisgarhi) of Northern and West-Central India
5.6.2.15	Assamese
5.6.2.17	Sinhalese; Vedda
5.6.2.6	Warli
5.6.3.3	Kannada, Lingayat, Halakki
6.1.1.1	Santali, Turi, Mahli
6.1.1.11	Gutob (Gadaba)
6.1.1.3	Northern Munda of Kharwar branch: Birhor, Ho, Mundari, Kol, Asur (including Agaria, Kol, Birjhia), Bhumij
6.1.1.7	Bondo, Didayi (Gata')
6.1.2.2	Kond (Khond, Kondh; language is Kui, incl Kuttia, Konda-Dora), Koya; Pengo
6.1.2.3	Gondi (mostly Northern Gondi)
6.1.2.5	Maria, Muria, and other South-Central Dravidians: Binjhwar, Baсор, Bhattra, Bom, Jhoria (=Jhodia), Gadaba (in Koraput, neighbors of Munda-speaking Gadaba), Duruwa (Parji), Mehtar; Pardhan
6.2.2.4	Khasi
6.2.2.6	Dhimal
6.2.3.1	Eastern Arunachal Pradesh: Abor (incl Minyong, Shimong, Padam, Pasi, Panggi), Apa Tani (Apatani), Bori, Bugun, Dafla (=Nyishi, Nisi, Nishing, incl Tagin), Gallong (=Galo, Adi), Mishmi
6.2.3.2	SW Arunachal Pradesh: Sherdukpen, Tawang (Monpas), Aka (Hrusso), Miji
6.2.3.3	Chin-Naga: Ao, Mao, Sema, Zeme, Liangmai, Kolren, Kom, Lhota, Rengma, Angami, Kabui, Tangkhul, Koirenf
6.2.4.1	Kachin (Jingpho), Chak, Maru
6.2.4.2	Rawang, Dulong; Anong, Drung
6.3.1.2	Karen, Pa-O, Padaung, Kayah
6.3.1.6	Thai of Vietnam, Tai Lue, Khao (Kho, Tai Don, White Tai), Tai Dam (Black Tai), Nung; Buyi; Shui
6.3.1.8	Zhuang, Dong, Dai
6.3.2.10	Viet, Muong
6.3.2.8	Wa (incl Kawa), Bulang
6.3.2.9	Tjam, Ede, Jörai (Jarai)
6.4.1.1	Andamanese
6.4.1.3	Semang, Senoi
6.4.2.1	Malay; Temuan (incl Mantra or Mentra), Jakun (Moken)
6.4.3.2	Batak (Toba, Dairi)
6.4.3.6	Simeulue, Nias
6.4.3.7	Mentawai
6.4.4.1	Ot Danum, Ngaju, Maanyan (Ma'anyan)
6.4.4.2	Kayan, Bahau, Kenja, Aoheng, Punan (Bukat, Basap, Oloh Ot, etc); "Klemantan"
6.4.4.3	Dusun, Murut, Kelabit, Tombonuwo, Bajau, Tidong, Rungus
6.4.4.4	Bidayuh (incl. Maloh), Iban (Sea Dayak), Sakarram; Brunei
6.4.6.3	To Loinang, To Wana, Balantak (Mian Balantak), Banggai Islands
6.4.7.1	Northern Luzon: Apayao, Bontoc, Nabaloi (Ibaloi), Ifugao, Igorot (highland people, not specified), Ilocan, Ilongot, Isneg, Kalinga, Kankanay, Tingian (Tinggian, Bilongan Itneg); Ibanag, Kasiguran Agta, Keley-i Kallahan
6.4.7.2	Southern Luzon: Pampango, Pangacian, Sambal, Tagal, Tayabas; Calamian
6.4.7.4	Central islands and Bikol: Visaya, Mansaká, Bikol, Mangyan, Panayan, Sulod, Cebuano (Cebu), Capiz, Romblomanon, Manuyu
6.4.7.5	Mindanao: Blaan (Bilaan), Bagobo, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Hiligáynon, Binukid, Magindaan (=Magindanao: main Muslim population), Mandaya, Mansaka, Manobo (Agusan, Ata, Dibabawon, Sarangani, Ilianen), Maranao, Subanon (=Subanun), Subanen, Tboli
6.4.7.7	Yami
6.4.8.1	Sumbawa (incl Dongo)
6.4.8.11	Ceram: Alune and Wemale (West Ceram), Patasiwa (Ceram), Honitetu (West Ceram Highlands); Nusawele, Hatuolu, Huaolu, Patasiwa; Ambon; Buru
6.4.8.12	Kei Islands, Tanimbar Islands, Aru Islands, Watubele Islands, Babar Island
6.4.8.2	Sumba, Savu Islands
6.4.8.3	Flores, incl Mangarai (Western Flores), Nage, Keo, Riung, Ngada or Nad'a (Central Flores), Sika (Eastern Flores)
6.4.8.4	Timor: Amarasi, Tetum, Meto, Atoni (incl Mollo), Kédang (Lomblen island), Leti Islands (Leti, Moa, Lakor)
6.4.8.5	Roti
6.4.8.6	Bunak
7.1.1.1	Trans-New Guinea and unclassified Papuan groups of Irian Jaya: Mejprat, Arandai-Bintuni, Inanwatan-Berau, Papua of Gelvink (Cenderawasih) Bay, Kamoró, Marind Anim, Sawi, Mafore; Korowai; Kwerba; Momina, Eipo, Yale, Awyu, Muyu
7.1.2.3	Papua–New Guinea Southern Lowland Papuan groups (Trans New Guinea and unclassified): Gimi, Kiwai, Bina, Mawabula, Mawatta, Keraki, Gambadi (incl. Kwavaru), Purari River delta, Masingara, Wiram (=Suki), Ngain, Daga, Elema
7.1.5.3	Melanesians of the islands of Massim District ( =Milke Bay Province) to the east of New Guinea: Dobu, Rossel, Fergusson, Goodenough, Murua (Woodlark), Trobrian Islands, d'Entrecasteau Islands
7.1.6.5	Central Vanuatu: Espiritu Santo, Araki, Aore, Maewo, Malekula, Vao, Efate (Vate), Shepherd Islands, Nguna, Mae, Ambrim, Pentecost, Oba (=Aoba, East Ambae, Lepers'), Omba
7.2.1.10	Tokelau
7.2.1.2	Ontong Java, Nukumanu, Takuu, Nukuria
7.2.1.3	Tuvalu (Ellice)
7.2.1.4	Samoa
7.2.1.5	Tonga
7.2.1.6	Rotuma
7.2.1.7	Niue
7.2.1.8	Wallis (=Uvea, different from Melanesian Uvea), Futuna
7.2.1.9	Tikopia, Bellona, Rennell, partly Aneytium, Futuna (=Erronan, not to be mixed with Futuna in Western Polynesia), Vaeaka-Taumato, incl Matema, Nifeloli, Nukapu, Nupani, Pileni
7.2.2.1	Maori, Moriori (Chatam Islands)
7.2.3.1	Society Islands: Tahiti, Borabora, Raiatea
7.2.3.3	Southern Cook Islands: Mangaia, Rarotonga, Atiu, Iatutakim Pukapuka, Tubuai (=Austral Islands, incl Rapa)
7.2.3.4	Tuamotu, incl Pukapuka (different from Pukapuka in Cook Islands), Vahitahi, Anaa, Hao, Fangatau
7.2.3.7	Hawaii
7.2.5.3	Ifaluk, Woleai, Lamutrek, Faraulip Satawal, Elato, Western Fayu
7.2.5.7	Gilbert Islands (Kiribati), Nauru, Banaba (Ocean island)
8.1.2.1	SE Australia: Kamilaroi, Yualarai (Ualarai, Euahlayi), Milpulo (Mailpurgu), Wuradjeri (Wiradjurim, Wiradjeri, Wurundjeri, Yarra, Yarra Yarra), Wongaibon (Wonghibon), Noongahburrah (Narran, Narran River), Kurnai, and many others (see file 0.doc)
8.1.5.1	Central Australia: Kaitish, Warramunga, Arunta (Aranda), Loritja (Kukatja), Pijandjara (Pitjantjara), Adnjamatana (Andjamathana, Wailpi), Aluridja, Walpiri (Walbiri), Aluridja, Matuntara (Maduntara), Nambutji, Wamma (=Wommana?)
8.1.5.2	Southern Australia: Dieri, Urabunna (Arabana), Flinderce Mountains, Kujani, Andyamatana (Andjamatana, Wailpi)
9.1.1.4	Siberian Tatars
9.1.4.1	Buryats: Western (Cis-Baikal)
9.1.5.3	Mongols (Khalkha)
9.1.5.4	Daur (Daghur)
9.10.1.3	Udeghe
9.2.3.4	Nganasans