b77

Motif

Name_eng:

Primeval sky close to earth

Description:

Originally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up

Name_rus:

Низкое небо

Description_rus:

Небо было рядом с землей, затем поднялось

Motif type:

Cosmology and etiology

Motif group:

03 Cosmogony, the earth and the sky, etiology of the elements, natural and biological phenomena (fire, water, soil, thunderstorms, dream, etc.), cataclysms and cosmic threats, spirits of nature

Motif analysis result:

2. Only those motifs that are found in America (including the Aleuts, Eskimo and Northern Athabaskans)

3. Only those motifs that are found in Central and South America

4. All motifs of category 1 (cosmology) in sub-Saharan Africa and those motifs of category 2 (adventures) which are found in sub-Saharan Africa and widespread in the Indo-Pacific world with scarce or no cases in Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia

Motif analysis result tradition count all:

219

ATU ID:

Stith Thompson ID:

A625.2, A660

Linked traditions:

Areal ID	Tradition
1.3.3.2	Akan, Ashanti, Akwapim; Ga (Accra), Kra, Twi (Chwi, Chi)
5.3.1.4	Akkad, Assyria, Babylonia
10.1.1.4	Ami
15.5.1.1	Amuesha
15.4.3.4	Anambé
3.1.1.1	Ancient Egypt
3.4.1.1	Ancient Greece
6.4.1.1	Andamanese
5.2.2.1	Armenians
15.5.1.2	Ashaninca (Campa)
5.6.2.15	Assamese
12.1.1.8	Athna
16.1.2.1	Ayoreo
14.1.2.2	Aztec; Aztec and Teotihuacan iconography
15.6.2.2	Bakairi
15.3.5.5	Baniwa (incl. Wakuenai), Bare, Piapoco, Curripaco, Siusi, Guarikena
4.3.3.2	Bashkirs
6.4.3.2	Batak (Toba, Dairi)
1.3.3.1	Bia: Anyi, Agni, Baule, Nsema
6.4.4.4	Bidayuh (incl. Maloh), Iban (Sea Dayak), Sakarram; Brunei
1.3.2.2	Biu-Mandara: Margi, Kilba, Bura, Kera, Karekare (Kerri-Kerri), Bachama, Zulgo, Giziga, Hdi, Kapsiki, Mandara (incl Mukulehe, Matakam), Mofu (Mofu-Gudur), Somrai (Sibine, Shibha)
6.1.1.7	Bondo, Didayi (Gata')
15.7.3.6	Botocudo
3.5.1.2	Bulgarians
6.4.8.6	Bunak
9.1.4.1	Buryats: Western (Cis-Baikal)
15.5.2.4	Cashibo
8.1.5.1	Central Australia: Kaitish, Warramunga, Arunta (Aranda), Loritja (Kukatja), Pijandjara (Pitjantjara), Adnjamatana (Andjamathana, Wailpi), Aluridja, Walpiri (Walbiri), Aluridja, Matuntara (Maduntara), Nambutji, Wamma (=Wommana?)
6.4.7.4	Central islands and Bikol: Visaya, Mansaká, Bikol, Mangyan, Panayan, Sulod, Cebuano (Cebu), Capiz, Romblomanon, Manuyu
10.1.1.2	Central Taiwan: Bunun (Vonum), La'arua, Tsou, Kanabu, Kanakanabu
7.1.6.5	Central Vanuatu: Espiritu Santo, Araki, Aore, Maewo, Malekula, Vao, Efate (Vate), Shepherd Islands, Nguna, Mae, Ambrim, Pentecost, Oba (=Aoba, East Ambae, Lepers'), Omba
6.4.8.11	Ceram: Alune and Wemale (West Ceram), Patasiwa (Ceram), Honitetu (West Ceram Highlands); Nusawele, Hatuolu, Huaolu, Patasiwa; Ambon; Buru
1.2.5.8	Chagga (Jagga; incl Wasu), Pare, Digo
16.1.2.2	Chamacoco (Ishir)
6.2.3.3	Chin-Naga: Ao, Mao, Sema, Zeme, Liangmai, Kolren, Kom, Lhota, Rengma, Angami, Kabui, Tangkhul, Koirenf
14.1.4.1	Chinantec, Mazatec
10.2.2.8	Chinese of Qinghai and Gansu provinces and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
14.3.1.1	Choco: Embera, Nonama (Waunana), XVI century Dabaiba, pre-Columbian iconography of Sinu
14.1.5.3	Chol; pre-Columbian Mayan iconography
4.3.2.3	Chuvash
12.8.4.3	Cocopa
1.2.5.13	Comoros Islands
3.5.2.4	Croatians; Italians of Dalmatia (if the motif is absent among other Italians)
15.1.1.3	Cuiva
9.1.5.4	Daur (Daghur)
6.2.2.6	Dhimal
12.8.4.2	Diegueño: Ipai, Tipai, Kamia (Kumeai)
1.4.2.1	Dinka, Atuot, Nuer
1.3.4.5	Dogon
10.2.3.9	Dong, Maonan, Gelao
6.4.4.3	Dusun, Murut, Kelabit, Tombonuwo, Bajau, Tidong
10.2.1.1	Early Chinese written sources
6.2.3.1	Eastern Arunachal Pradesh: Abor (incl Minyong, Shimong, Padam, Pasi, Panggi), Apa Tani (Apatani), Bori, Bugun, Dafla (=Nyishi, Nisi, Nishing, incl Tagin), Gallong (=Galo, Adi), Mishmi
4.2.4.2	Estonians
1.3.3.5	Ewe
6.4.8.3	Flores, incl Mangarai (Western Flores), Nage, Keo, Riung, Ngada or Nad'a (Central Flores), Sika (Eastern Flores)
1.3.3.4	Fon
10.2.2.4	Fujian (Fukian) Chinese
3.5.4.1	Gagauz
1.2.5.1	Ganda, (Ba)Nyoro, Nyankole, Masaba (Gisu), Luia (=Luyia, Haya, Luhya, Bantu Kawirondo; incl. Vugusu, Maragoli)
5.2.1.1	Georgians
7.2.5.7	Gilbert Islands (Kiribati), Nauru, Banaba (Ocean island)
6.1.2.3	Gondi (mostly Northern Gondi)
3.5.1.1	Greeks (modern)
3.5.5.1	Greeks of Cyprus
6.1.1.11	Gutob (Gadaba)
15.5.2.8	Harákmbet (=Mashco)
1.3.2.1	Hausa
1.3.2.1	Hausa
7.2.3.7	Hawaii
10.2.2.6	Henan and Hubei Chinese
5.6.2.1	Hindi-speaking peoples and casts (incl. Teli, Parahiya; incl. Chhattisgarhi) of Northern and West-Central India
5.2.3.1	Hittite, Hurrit
12.8.1.1	Hopi
5.5.2.6	Hui of Xinjiang, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Qinghai (rare Hui texts from Southern and Eastern China are clustered with the Chinese ones)
14.1.1.4	Huichol
10.2.2.12	Hunan and Guixhou Chinese
3.5.3.1	Hungarians
7.2.5.3	Ifaluk, Woleai, Lamutrek, Faraulip Satawal, Elato, Western Fayu
1.3.1.4	Igbo (Ibo); Isoko, Urhobo
1.3.1.6	Ijaw (incl. Kalabari)
5.6.1.1	Indian literary tradition (Vedic, Brahman, Purana, Indian Buddhism, Hinduism, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Panchtantra, Jatakas); iconography of Hindu temples
10.3.2.4	Japan AD 700-1700
10.2.2.5	Jiangsu and Zhejang Chinese
14.2.1.2	Jicaque
15.3.5.2	Kabiyari, Yukuna (Yucuna)
6.2.4.1	Kachin (Jingpho), Chak, Maru
5.4.4.1	Kafir, or Nuristani: Prasun; Kati (incl. Paruni), Ashkun (Ashunu), Waigali
15.5.2.2	Kanamari
5.6.3.3	Kannada, Lingayat, Halakki
6.3.1.2	Karen, Pa-O, Padaung, Kayah
12.1.2.6	Kaska
6.4.4.2	Kayan, Bahau, Kenja, Aoheng, Punan (Bukat, Basap, Oloh Ot, etc); "Klemantan"
4.3.3.1	Kazan (Middle Volga) Tatars
6.4.8.12	Kei Islands, Tanimbar Islands, Aru Islands, Watubele Islands, Babar Island
6.2.2.4	Khasi
11.2.1.6	Kodiak
4.3.1.1	Komi (Zyrians and Permyaks)
6.1.2.2	Kond (Khond, Kondh; language is Kui, incl Kuttia, Konda-Dora), Koya; Pengo
10.2.4.1	Koreans; Goguryeo
1.3.5.9	Kpelle (incl Kono)
1.3.4.1	Kposso, "Togo-Restvölker" (Adele, Akebu, Akposso, Bowiri/Bowili, Santrokofi, Lelemi, Borada Akrade, Teteman, Baakwa, Bowiri)
1.3.3.3	Krache (Kraci); Ga; Adele
5.1.5.3	Kumyk, Terekemen
1.3.2.5	Lele, Tobanga
5.1.7.5	Lezgians, Archin, Kürin; Khinalug
10.2.3.6	Li
10.2.3.2	Lisu, Achang, Taunyo
12.3.4.3	Lkungen (Straits; including Samish, Songish, Sooke, Lummi), Klallam
15.5.1.3	Machiguenga
15.3.1.2	Mai Huna (Coto, Orejon)
12.6.3.4	Maidu, Nisenan, Konkov
15.1.2.1	Makiritare (Yecuana)
2.1.1.1	Malagasy
6.4.2.1	Malay; Temuan (incl Mantra or Mentra), Jakun (Moken)
7.2.2.1	Maori, Moriori (Chatam Islands)
4.3.2.1	Mari (Cheremis)
6.1.2.5	Maria, Muria, and other South-Central Dravidians: Binjhwar, Baсор, Bhattra, Bom, Jhoria (=Jhodia), Gadaba (in Koraput, neighbors of Munda-speaking Gadaba), Duruwa (Parji), Mehtar; Pardhan
1.4.3.5	Masai
15.5.2.7	Matses (Mayoruna)
7.1.5.3	Melanesians of the islands of Massim District ( =Milke Bay Province) to the east of New Guinea: Dobu, Rossel, Fergusson, Goodenough, Murua (Woodlark), Trobrian Islands, d'Entrecasteau Islands
6.4.3.7	Mentawai
10.2.3.4	Miao (Hmong) and Yao of Southern China
6.4.7.5	Mindanao: Blaan (Bilaan), Bagobo, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Hiligáynon, Binukid, Magindaan (=Magindanao: main Muslim population), Mandaya, Mansaka, Manobo (Agusan, Ata, Dibabawon, Sarangani, Ilianen), Maranao, Subanon (=Subanun), Subanen, Tboli
9.1.5.3	Mongols (Khalkha)
15.5.3.2	Moseten, Chimane
15.6.1.1	Mundurucu, Curuaia
12.8.3.1	Navajo
9.2.3.4	Nganasans
7.2.1.7	Niue
16.1.3.1	Nivakle (=Chulupi, Ashluslay, Ajlujlay)
5.1.5.2	Nogai
12.2.2.4	Nootka (Nu-chah-nulth), Makah
1.3.4.2	Northern Gur (Oti-Volta): Mamprussi, Dagomba, Dagari (Dagara; incl Lodaga), Bassari, Mosi, Nankanse, Konkomba, Moba; Ditammari, Nyende, Bulsa (pl Builsa, Bulo)
6.4.7.1	Northern Luzon: Apayao, Bontoc, Nabaloi (Ibaloi), Ifugao, Igorot (highland people, not specified), Ilocan, Ilongot, Isneg, Kalinga, Kankanay, Tingian (Tinggian, Bilongan Itneg); Ibanag, Kasiguran Agta, Keley-i Kallahan
6.1.1.3	Northern Munda of Kharwar branch: Birhor, Ho, Mundari, Kol, Asur (including Agaria, Kol, Birjhia), Bhumij
10.1.1.1	Northern Taiwan: Atayal (Tayal; Taruko (Toda, Taokas, Torok, Taroko), Pazeh, Sedeq (Sediq, Seedeq, Sazek), Saisiyat (Saixia); Kawalan
1.4.1.1	Nubians
1.2.5.3	Nyatutu, Kiniramba, Isanzu
1.4.2.7	Nyimang (incl Ama)
7.2.1.2	Ontong Java, Nukumanu, Takuu, Nukuria
3.2.2.4	Oromo (Galla), Konso, Sidamo, Darasa, Bussa (Bassa), Kambata, Guji
6.4.4.1	Ot Danum, Ngaju, Maanyan (Ma'anyan)
7.1.2.3	Papua–New Guinea Southern Lowland Papuan groups (Trans New Guinea and unclassified): Gimi, Kiwai, Bina, Mawabula, Mawatta, Keraki, Gambadi (incl. Kwavaru), Purari River delta, Masingara, Wiram (=Suki), Ngain, Daga, Elema
6.2.4.2	Rawang, Dulong; Anong, Drung
3.5.3.2	Romanians, Moldavians, Aromanians
6.4.8.5	Roti
7.2.1.6	Rotuma
7.2.1.4	Samoa
6.1.1.1	Santali, Turi, Mahli
8.1.2.1	SE Australia: Kamilaroi, Yualarai (Ualarai, Euahlayi), Milpulo (Mailpurgu), Wuradjeri (Wiradjurim, Wiradjeri, Wurundjeri, Yarra, Yarra Yarra), Wongaibon (Wonghibon), Noongahburrah (Narran, Narran River), Kurnai, and many others (see file 0.doc)
16.2.2.1	Selknam
6.4.1.3	Semang, Senoi
1.3.4.7	Senufo
3.5.2.2	Serbs, Monte Negro,
10.2.2.7	Shaanxi Chinese
10.2.2.7	Shaanxi Chinese
10.2.2.11	Shandong Chinese
10.2.2.9	Shanxi and Hebei Chinese
15.5.2.3	Shipibo, Conibo, Setebo
9.1.1.4	Siberian Tatars
10.2.2.3	Sichuan Chinese
15.1.1.2	Sicuani
6.4.3.6	Simeulue, Nias
5.6.2.17	Sinhalese; Vedda
15.3.1.1	Siona, Secoya, Coreguaje
7.2.3.1	Society Islands: Tahiti, Borabora, Raiatea
3.2.1.4	Somali
10.3.2.3	Southern and Central; Ryukyu Islands: Yaeyama, Miyako, Okinawa
8.1.5.2	Southern Australia: Dieri, Urabunna (Arabana), Flinderce Mountains, Kujani, Andyamatana (Andjamatana, Wailpi)
7.2.3.3	Southern Cook Islands: Mangaia, Rarotonga, Atiu, Iatutakim Pukapuka, Tubuai (=Austral Islands, incl Rapa)
1.3.4.3	Southern Gur (Oti-Volta): Grusi, Kabiye, Kasena, Lyela (Lyele), Wala, Dyan
6.4.7.2	Southern Luzon: Pampango, Pangacian, Sambal, Tagal, Tayabas; Calamian
10.1.1.3	Southern Taiwan: Rukai, Paiwan, Puyuma, Saaroa, Ketangalan
6.4.8.2	Sumba, Savu Islands
6.4.8.1	Sumbawa (incl Dongo)
5.3.1.3	Sumer
15.5.5.4	Suruí, Gaviâo, Zoro, Arua, Cinta Larga
6.2.3.2	SW Arunachal Pradesh: Sherdukpen, Tawang (Monpas), Aka (Hrusso), Miji
15.5.3.1	Tacana
5.2.2.4	Talysh
12.1.1.10	Tanacross
1.3.5.3	Tenda (incl Bedik, Basari), Biafada, Nalu, Pajadinka, Badyara (Badiaranke)
15.4.4.1	Tenetehara
6.3.1.6	Thai of Vietnam, Tai Lue, Khao (Kho, Tai Don, White Tai), Tai Dam (Black Tai), Nung; Buyi; Shui
12.3.2.2	Thompson (Nlaka'pamux)
15.3.7.1	Ticuna (Tucuna)
7.2.1.9	Tikopia, Bellona, Rennell, partly Aneytium, Futuna (=Erronan, not to be mixed with Futuna in Western Polynesia), Vaeaka-Taumato, incl Matema, Nifeloli, Nukapu, Nupani, Pileni
6.4.8.4	Timor: Amarasi, Tetum, Meto, Atoni (incl Mollo), Kédang (Lomblen island), Leti Islands (Leti, Moa, Lakor)
6.3.2.9	Tjam, Ede, Jörai (Jarai)
6.4.6.3	To Loinang, To Wana, Balantak (Mian Balantak), Banggai Islands
7.2.1.10	Tokelau
7.2.1.5	Tonga
7.1.1.1	Trans-New Guinea and unclassified Papuan groups of Irian Jaya: Mejprat, Arandai-Bintuni, Inanwatan-Berau, Papua of Gelvink (Cenderawasih) Bay, Kamoró, Marind Anim, Sawi, Mafore; Korowai; Kwerba; Momina, Eipo, Yale, Awyu, Muyu
7.2.3.4	Tuamotu, incl Pukapuka (different from Pukapuka in Cook Islands), Vahitahi, Anaa, Hao, Fangatau
7.2.1.3	Tuvalu (Ellice)
9.10.1.3	Udeghe
4.3.1.2	Udmurt
1.4.2.6	Uduk
12.8.4.1	Upland Yuma: Walapai, Havasupai, Yavapai
12.3.7.9	Upper Chinook: Wasco, Wishram, Clackamas, Kathlamet
12.1.1.9	Upper Tanana (Nebesna)
15.4.4.2	Urubu (Urubu-Kaapor)
6.3.2.10	Viet, Muong
6.3.2.8	Wa (incl Kawa), Bulang
7.2.1.8	Wallis (=Uvea, different from Melanesian Uvea), Futuna
5.6.2.6	Warli
15.2.4.7	Wayapi, Emerillon
12.8.3.5	Western Apache (White Mountain, San Carlos)
12.7.1.7	Western Shoshone, Gosiute
15.3.6.1	Witoto, Ocaina
16.2.2.2	Yamana (Yaghan), Alacaluf
6.4.7.7	Yami
1.3.1.5	Yoruba; incl Ife), Nupe, Bini (Edo), Engenni, Chamba, Dakka, Kukuruku
12.6.1.7	Yuki (Yuki proper, Coastal Yuki, Huchnob)
12.8.4.4	Yuma proper (Quechan), Mohave, Maricopa
6.3.1.8	Zhuang, Dong, Dai
14.1.4.8	Zoque; Izapa iconography (I millennium BC)
12.8.1.2	Zuni