Tonga



Tradition title rus: 
Тонга
Areal ID: 
7.2.1.5
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
37.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
27.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
b1aThree worlds: the universe divided between godsAnthropomorphic persons agree to divide between them levels of universe (upper world, earth, lower world)
b37Creatures are made appear as they are nowPerson decorates different birds (rare: fish), share fat between anomals. Since then, the corresponding species acquire present characteristics
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b3eEarth falls on watersIn the beginning there are only air and water. 1) Person descends from the sky, creates the dry land or a hard support created for her or him grows into the earth. 2) The earth is sent or dropped from the sky, put on the surface of the water. 3) The earth is brought from somewhere (not from the underworld) and put on the water
b4The fished out earthIslands or continent are fished out of the ocean or pulled to their present place by rope
b77Primeval sky close to earthOriginally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up
b77aGiant pushed the sky upOne or several (animal)-persons push sky up to its present height
c25bA spinner in the MoonIn the sky, on the Moon (rare: on the Sun), i.e. somewhere outside of our world certain person is spinning, weaving, plaiting, or embroidering
c5aBird-scoutsBirds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
e35Webbed fingersFirst people or people made by Creator's rival were imperfect, not completely anthropomorphic (often: had webbed fingers)
f30Snake paramourA woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man
f40bA man in a village of womenA man gets into the village of women. Usually he has to satisfy every woman against his will or every woman claims him for herself
f45The AmazonsThere are (or were) women who live apart from men in their own village or villages
f45aConception from windA woman or a female animal is impregnated deliberately exposing her genitals to the wind
f45bConception from the SunA woman gives birth to a son after being impregnated by the sun(shine) or sun(beam)
g5Food treeFruits and shoots of different cultivated plants grow on the branches of one tree (on one vine) or certain plant has a tree form that is alien to it in nature
g8Restored treeA deep notch in the tree (or in the sky support) is magically restored as soon as persons or creatures who cut or gnaw it stop working
g8aCutting tree to make a canoeTo make some object (usually a canoe), person cuts a tree, goes away, returns, finds the tree intact. Usually another person who was restoring the tree by magic fells it down himself and makes a canoe for the hero
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
i45bNot to point at the rainbowIt to point at the rainbow, pointing finger or entire arm will rot, wither or become crooked
i48Confined to the underworldCertain person loses his or her freedom, is confined to a far away place (often, to the underworld) and acquires cosmic dimensions: supports the earth or the sky and/or his or her movements produce earthquakes or (rare) storms
i82aVenus is maleMorning and/or Evening Star is a male personage
i8gAtlasOne giant supports the earth or the sky
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27eEating or drinking contestPerson or animal must eat (drink) enormous quantity of food (beverage) or eat or drink poisonous beverage or food
k27xy(Animal-)persons with different qualities in the camp of their adversariesEach of several men (male animals of different species) surpasses all others in some kind of activity. They get to the place of their adversaries and thanks to their special qualities win different competitions and survive in dangerous situations. The tale is not related to the quest of a marriage partner
k37dRecognized by traces of teethOne person gets to know about the presence of another seeing traces of his teeth or nails on a fruit or leaf
k66Extraordinary companionsSeveral companions have extraordinary abilities (one who runs fast, one who eats great quantities, one who produces or can withstand severe frost, etc.); a hero comes across and takes for companions several men, each of them being involved into a special and unusual activity
k8dJonah: swallowed by anthropomorphic beingPerson (often an animal-person) gets into the belly of anthropomorphic being. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
l19aBeings with even number of headsBeings (any besides birds) with even but not more than ten number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. Beings that with even number of heads named in a row with other multi-headed beings and the highest number is even or bigger than ten are not considered
m29mTrickster is a ratIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is a rat
m5aPassengers of the sinking canoeSmall animals ride a canoe, it sinks, all try to save their lives in their own way
m5bThe ungrateful passengerAn animal (often the rat) who cannot swim well is brought to the shore by another one but pays him with ingratitude


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition: Samoa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tuvalu (Ellice)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Eastern Arunachal Pradesh: Abor (incl Minyong, Shimong, Padam, Pasi, Panggi), Apa Tani (Apatani), Bori, Bugun, Dafla (=Nyishi, Nisi, Nishing, incl Tagin), Gallong (=Galo, Adi), Mishmi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tokelau
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Southern Taiwan: Rukai, Paiwan, Puyuma, Saaroa, Ketangalan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
SW Arunachal Pradesh: Sherdukpen, Tawang (Monpas), Aka (Hrusso), Miji
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Cayapo (incl. Kubenkranken, Pau d’Arco, Shikrin or Xikrin)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Marshall Islands, incl Ailinglapalap, Arno, Jaluit, Kili, Lae, Maloelap, Majuro, Ratak, Wotho, Ujae, Jaluit (=Jalooj), Namdrik
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Hopi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Hawaii

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 8 Tradition:
Southern Cook Islands: Mangaia, Rarotonga, Atiu, Iatutakim Pukapuka, Tubuai (=Austral Islands, incl Rapa)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Ulithi, Ngulu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Northern Luzon: Apayao, Bontoc, Nabaloi (Ibaloi), Ifugao, Igorot (highland people, not specified), Ilocan, Ilongot, Isneg, Kalinga, Kankanay, Tingian (Tinggian, Bilongan Itneg); Ibanag, Kasiguran Agta, Keley-i Kallahan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Tuvalu (Ellice)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Truk, Eastern Fayu, Losap, Pulap, Puluwat, Mortlock (incl. Satawan)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Lithuanians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Marshall Islands, incl Ailinglapalap, Arno, Jaluit, Kili, Lae, Maloelap, Majuro, Ratak, Wotho, Ujae, Jaluit (=Jalooj), Namdrik
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Karelians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Armenians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Japanese folklore outside of Ryukyu