Tonga



Tradition title rus: 
Тонга
Areal ID: 
7.2.1.5
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
37.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
27.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a32


Name_eng: 
Figure on lunar disc
Description: 

A figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)




Motif

a32d


Name_eng: 
Man in the Moon
Description: 

Human being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon




Motif

b1a


Name_eng: 
Three worlds: the universe divided between gods
Description: 

Anthropomorphic persons agree to divide between them levels of universe (upper world, earth, lower world)




Motif

b3a


Name_eng: 
Primeval waters
Description: 

Water is the original element, the dry earth appears later




Motif

b3b


Name_eng: 
Earth grows big
Description: 

Original earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance




Motif

b3e


Name_eng: 
Earth falls on waters
Description: 

In the beginning there are only air and water. 1) Person descends from the sky, creates the dry land or a hard support created for her or him grows into the earth. 2) The earth is sent or dropped from the sky, put on the surface of the water. 3) The earth is brought from somewhere (not from the underworld) and put on the water




Motif

b4


Name_eng: 
The fished out earth
Description: 

Islands or continent are fished out of the ocean or pulled to their present place by rope




Motif

b77


Name_eng: 
Primeval sky close to earth
Description: 

Originally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up




Motif

b77a


Name_eng: 
Giant pushed the sky up
Description: 

One or several (animal)-persons push sky up to its present height




Motif

c5a


Name_eng: 
Bird-scouts
Description: 

Birds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living




Motif

c25b


Name_eng: 
A spinner in the Moon
Description: 

In the sky, on the Moon (rare: on the Sun), i.e. somewhere outside of our world certain person is spinning, weaving, plaiting, or embroidering




Motif

d4a


Name_eng: 
Theft of fire
Description: 

Fire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before




Motif

f30


Name_eng: 
Snake paramour
Description: 

A woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man




Motif

f40b


Name_eng: 
A man in a village of women
Description: 

A man gets into the village of women. Usually he has to satisfy every woman against his will or every woman claims him for herself




Motif

f45


Name_eng: 
The Amazons
Description: 

There are (or were) women who live apart from men in their own village or villages




Motif

g5


Name_eng: 
Food tree
Description: 

Fruits and shoots of different cultivated plants grow on the branches of one tree (on one vine) or certain plant has a tree form that is alien to it in nature




Motif

g8


Name_eng: 
Restored tree
Description: 

A deep notch in the tree (or in the sky support) is magically restored as soon as persons or creatures who cut or gnaw it stop working




Motif

g8a


Name_eng: 
Cutting tree to make a canoe
Description: 

To make some object (usually a canoe), person cuts a tree, goes away, returns, finds the tree intact. Usually another person who was restoring the tree by magic fells it down himself and makes a canoe for the hero




Motif

h12


Name_eng: 
The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s death
Description: 

The alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks




Motif

i8g


Name_eng: 
Atlas
Description: 

One giant supports the earth or the sky




Motif

i45b


Name_eng: 
Not to point at the rainbow
Description: 

It to point at the rainbow, pointing finger or entire arm will rot, wither or become crooked




Motif

i48


Name_eng: 
Confined to the underworld
Description: 

Certain person loses his or her freedom, is confined to a far away place (often, to the underworld) and acquires cosmic dimensions: supports the earth or the sky and/or his or her movements produce earthquakes or (rare) storms




Motif

i82a


Name_eng: 
Venus is male
Description: 

Morning and/or Evening Star is a male personage




Motif

k8d


Name_eng: 
Jonah: swallowed by anthropomorphic being
Description: 

Person (often an animal-person) gets into the belly of anthropomorphic being. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)




Motif

k27e


Name_eng: 
Eating or drinking contest
Description: 

Person or animal must eat (drink) enormous quantity of food (beverage) or eat or drink poisonous beverage or food




Motif

k66


Name_eng: 
Extraordinary companions
Description: 

Several companions have extraordinary abilities (one who runs fast, one who eats great quantities, one who produces or can withstand severe frost, etc.); a hero comes across and takes for companions several men, each of them being involved into a special and unusual activity




Motif

m5a


Name_eng: 
Passengers of the sinking canoe
Description: 

Small animals ride a canoe, it sinks, all try to save their lives in their own way




Motif

m29m


Name_eng: 
Trickster is a rat
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is a rat




Motif

k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)


Name_eng: 
Competitions and difficult tasks
Description: 

Person is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life




Motif

k37d


Name_eng: 
Recognized by traces of teeth
Description: 

One person gets to know about the presence of another seeing traces of his teeth or nails on a fruit or leaf




Motif

f45a


Name_eng: 
Conception from wind
Description: 

A woman or a female animal is impregnated deliberately exposing her genitals to the wind




Motif

b37


Name_eng: 
Creatures are made appear as they are now
Description: 

Person decorates different birds (rare: fish), share fat between anomals. Since then, the corresponding species acquire present characteristics




Motif

e35


Name_eng: 
Webbed fingers
Description: 

First people or people made by Creator's rival were imperfect, not completely anthropomorphic (often: had webbed fingers)




Motif

k27xy


Name_eng: 
(Animal-)persons with different qualities in the camp of their adversaries
Description: 

Each of several men (male animals of different species) surpasses all others in some kind of activity. They get to the place of their adversaries and thanks to their special qualities win different competitions and survive in dangerous situations. The tale is not related to the quest of a marriage partner




Motif

m5b


Name_eng: 
The ungrateful passenger
Description: 

An animal (often the rat) who cannot swim well is brought to the shore by another one but pays him with ingratitude




Motif

l19a


Name_eng: 
Beings with even number of heads
Description: 

Beings (any besides birds) with even but not more than ten number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. Beings that with even number of heads named in a row with other multi-headed beings and the highest number is even or bigger than ten are not considered




Motif

f45b


Name_eng: 
Conception from the Sun
Description: 

A woman gives birth to a son after being impregnated by the sun(shine) or sun(beam)





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition: Samoa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tuvalu (Ellice)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Eastern Arunachal Pradesh: Abor (incl Minyong, Shimong, Padam, Pasi, Panggi), Apa Tani (Apatani), Bori, Bugun, Dafla (=Nyishi, Nisi, Nishing, incl Tagin), Gallong (=Galo, Adi), Mishmi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tokelau
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Southern Taiwan: Rukai, Paiwan, Puyuma, Saaroa, Ketangalan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
SW Arunachal Pradesh: Sherdukpen, Tawang (Monpas), Aka (Hrusso), Miji
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Cayapo (incl. Kubenkranken, Pau d’Arco, Shikrin or Xikrin)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Marshall Islands, incl Ailinglapalap, Arno, Jaluit, Kili, Lae, Maloelap, Majuro, Ratak, Wotho, Ujae, Jaluit (=Jalooj), Namdrik
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Hopi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Hawaii

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 8 Tradition:
Southern Cook Islands: Mangaia, Rarotonga, Atiu, Iatutakim Pukapuka, Tubuai (=Austral Islands, incl Rapa)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Ulithi, Ngulu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Northern Luzon: Apayao, Bontoc, Nabaloi (Ibaloi), Ifugao, Igorot (highland people, not specified), Ilocan, Ilongot, Isneg, Kalinga, Kankanay, Tingian (Tinggian, Bilongan Itneg); Ibanag, Kasiguran Agta, Keley-i Kallahan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Tuvalu (Ellice)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Truk, Eastern Fayu, Losap, Pulap, Puluwat, Mortlock (incl. Satawan)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Lithuanians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Marshall Islands, incl Ailinglapalap, Arno, Jaluit, Kili, Lae, Maloelap, Majuro, Ratak, Wotho, Ujae, Jaluit (=Jalooj), Namdrik
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Karelians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Japanese folklore outside of Ryukyu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Anatolia Turks