Hopi



Tradition title rus: 
Хопи
Areal ID: 
12.8.1.1
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
137.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
79.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a17The Sun’s relax at the middayAfter passing half of the its way across the sky (in the day time) or in the underworld (in the night time), the Sun stops to have a rest
a21Luminaries are objects fixed in the skyThe sun and/or the moon are inanimate objects thrown up to the sky or fixed in the sky
a22cPerson sacrificed to the SunTo make the Sun rise above the horizon, to send him to the right distance from the earth, to make him move across the sky, etc. a person has to be sacrificed
a23Elections of the Sun to beThe primeval ancestors come together to choose the best candidate to become the Sun and/or to send the Sun to the sky or to see how the Sun rises to the sky for the first time
a27Crowns of the Sun and MoonLight and/or heat of the Sun and/or Moon originate from their crowns, necklaces or clothes (of feathers, of animal teeth)
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b45Marriage of winter and summerA coming of warm (light, abundant, etc.) or cold (dark, barren, etc.) time is related to the marriage of certain person
b52aVulture creates the landscapeFlying above the earth and flapping its wings, a bird (usually a vulture) makes it dry after the flood or otherwise creates present landscape
b69Chipmunk's back scratched: hence his stripesTo thank or to punish a small mammal like chipmunk or (ground) squirrel, animal or person scratches or paints it producing stripes on its back
b77Primeval sky close to earthOriginally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up
b85Wind pacifiedWind is too strong, hero makes it to blow more calmly
b85aWind regulatedWind stops to blow (after blowing too much). Person comes to him and creates the desirable balance. Since then, wind blows but usually not too much
b85bBag of windsWind was or is in a particular enclosure (bag, cave, etc.). It was released from it or comes out from time to time
b86Babylonian towerTo reach the sky (the Sun, Moon, particular star), people build a ladder or tower that consists of separate modules (bricks, logs, sticks, etc.). This construction collapses
c10The flood: the wet tailsDuring the flood birds or animals escape to some place (mountain, tree, boat, sky). Tips of their tails or other body parts get covered with water or foam and acquire their present color and form
c14Monsters destroy peopleDuring or before the world catastrophe (deluge, darkness) wild beasts and monsters attack and destroy people
c2Deluge and conflagration combinedInhabitans of the Middle World are (partly) destroyed (or will be destoyed) once by fire or draught, another time by a flood or the world is destroyed with a flood of fire or boiling water
c5aBird-scoutsBirds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living
c7The flood: breaking the damIn the beginning of times or after the flood a dam of earth, person or creature does not let water to recede. The dam is broken or opened, waters withdraw
d1Female spirit of fireFire is personified as an (elder) woman, alone or with her husband, master of fire
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
d9Fire and vultureRaven or other big dark-feathered bird scavenger is the owner, personification, spouse, obtainer or stealer of fire, daylight, or the Sun
e14aMasks represent the killed demonsPeople prepare ritual costumes and masks coping the features from the real demons whom they have killed
e1bPerson of unfit materialsCertain person is made of improper material and proves to be short-lived or unfit for fulfilling his functions
e35Webbed fingersFirst people or people made by Creator's rival were imperfect, not completely anthropomorphic (often: had webbed fingers)
e4Creation from dirt of the skinSupernatural person creates the entire earth, human or other beings of dirt taken from his or her skin, from under the nails, etc.
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
f10Vaginal teeth knocked outWoman has another toothed mouth (usually in vagina) or biting animals in vagina. Man inserts there a stone, bone, stick, etc. breaking or knocking out the teeth or extracting from there dangerous animals
f18aThe long penisPenis is so long that he can turn it round his waist or send into a woman who is at a long distance from him. (Only texts considered to describe real events and beings and not anecdotes are included)
f27Girls and the water spiritsFor girls and young women it is dangerous to come near water. Water creatures swallow them or drag away; a girl can die or become pregnant from a spirit; she can trigger a flood (rare: other cataclysm). Water spirits can come themselves to a girl who has her periods
f28bPenis of waxCertain woman masturbates with a penis made of wax, gourd, wood, radish, etc. Usually her husband or male relative smears it with chile; the woman is hurt or killed
f28dArtificial conceptionWoman conceives after masturbating with an artificial penis
f38Women and sacred knowledgeWomen were possessors of the sacred knowledge, sanctuaries or ritual objects which are now taboo for them or they made attempts to acquire such a knowledge or objects
f4Child born in jugIn the beginning of times, a particular person or children in general was or were conceived and grown up in pots, heaps of mud, etc. and not in a womb
f40bA man in a village of womenA man gets into the village of women. Usually he has to satisfy every woman against his will or every woman claims him for herself
f42The men abandon the womenThe men feel themselves offended by the women and abandon them
f44Women and men separateThe women and the men of the primeval community quarrel and abandon each other
f45The AmazonsThere are (or were) women who live apart from men in their own village or villages
f45bConception from the SunA woman gives birth to a son after being impregnated by the sun(shine) or sun(beam)
f67Old woman pretends to be manAn old woman makes herself false penis and testicles, marries or attempts to marry her (step)daughter
f80aGenitals apart from the bodyGenitals exist by themselves as separate beings, they can be stuck to the human body, remove, etc.
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f9aVagina dentataThere are teeth, blades or sharp stones in woman’s genitals, vagina is the biting mouth. (Only texts that are believed to correspond to reality are considered but not anecdotes and jokes)
g2The return of PersephonePerson who is the incarnation of fertility and life first disappears and then (reriodically) returns
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h12aDead woman pursues her husbandWife dies, husband comes after her or he kills his untrue wife. The dead wife turns into monster and pursues him
h12cOrpheus: to return the dead wifeHusband follows his dead wife to the other world but is unable to bring her back or succeeds to do it but loses her once again
h18Hoarded game releasedGame animals were concentrated in one single place. Certain person lets them disperse in the world
h23Fat hornsObjects (animal horns, tree fungi, heartwood) that are now stiff and inedible consisted of fat
h24Container opened too earlyContainer with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear
h24aA bag with starsPerson opens a bag with stars which ascend to sky in disorder
h34aControversy over conditions of lifePerson has a series of suggestions how to make the world easy for living and free of hard work and death. His companion successively rejects them. Their dialogue forever defines conditions of human life
h54The eyelids of ViyEyelids (eyelashes, eyebrows) of personage hang long down over his eyes. To make the eyes widely opened, the eyelids (eyelashes, eyebrows) should be propped up with poles, folks, sticks, etc. (rare: cut off)
h55Sinners in other worldPerson who visits the other world gets to see different people punished or rewarded according to their behavior when they were alive on earth
i1The thunderbirdsCreatures that produce rain and/or thunderstorms are birds or anthropomorphic beings with wings; or (rare) some or all birds are connected with thunder, lightning or rain though Thunder is not a bird
i104Stars are fragmentsStars are fragments of a bigger luminary (usually the Moon); or stars, the sun and the moon are formed from one and the same primeval person or creature
i118Helpful spider-womanSpider-woman (rare: spider-man) is a patron of the hero who lives in her house and marries her daughter
i13aThe horned serpentGiant water-chthonic or sky serpent or dragon has horns or antlers on its head
i22Objects in permanent movementThere are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)
i22gClapping rocksThere are mountains or rocks which permanently collide and separate again from each other or a crack (jaws) in a vertical cliff which is opening and closing
i25The bribed guardsWay to the place of a certain person is guided by dangerous creatures (which often stand on the both sides of the pathway). Person placates them by gifts or nice talk, and they let him or her go the both ways, sometimes being punished for this by their master
i28Animals in the underworldGame animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master
i3Weapon of ThunderThe lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being
i30Master of the dead welcomes womenMaster or mistress of the realm of the dead copulates with every new human soul of the opposite sex who arrives to his or her realm
i39Rainbow road or bridgeRainbow is a road, a bridge or a ladder
i45bNot to point at the rainbowIt to point at the rainbow, pointing finger or entire arm will rot, wither or become crooked
i6Weather birdsA man meets a giant bird that brings with it clouds, rain, hail, thunderstorm, etc.
i65Milky Way of the deadMilky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession
i6aMale and female birds: different kinds of precipitationThe male and the female birds bring with them different kinds of precipitations (e.g. the male comes with a hail, the female with a rain). Or (Buryats of Mongolia) one and the same bird brings different kinds of precipitations depending on is it angry or not.
i75World agesBefore present world, several (two or more) other worlds or races of people existed
i9Colors of the cardinal directionsFour cardinal directions and/or some objects associated with them are associated with different colors
i9aZenith and nadirThe zenith and/or nadir are described together with four cardinal directions as the fifth (and the sixth) ones
j18Woman falls from the skyA woman who is pregnant or has a small child falls from the sky. She or a daughter born by her dies but her (grand)son is grown up
j3Impregnated from under the earthA woman gives birth to a boy or twin boys after being impregnated without her knowledge when one of the animal persons crawls under the earth to the place where she sits on a ground
j33The dummyA youth or two siblings live in a house of an old man or woman. To produce a reaction from this older person, they kill a person or animal and stuff its skin with insects, worms, ashes, grass or blow it up
j34Frightened grandmotherAfter killing their enemy, heroes have fun frightening their (grand)mother or father with its dummy
j53The fawns and the cubsChildren of the ungulate animal person (deer, doe, antelope) become the enemies of a predator or bigger ungulate animal person. They kill her (him) and (or) successively escape from her (him)
j56Father tests his sonsTwin heroes (or one boy) come to their divine father. He puts them under trials to get know if they are really his children and possess supernatural power
j57Son of the SunA virgin girl is impregnated by the Sun and gives birth to a son or twin boys. When her son (or the twins) grows up, he (they) comes to his father
j60Two-fold impregnationA woman is impregnated by two different males and gives birth to twin sons who have different fathers
k10Fight with the monstrous birdMonstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it
k10aBattle with a bird: a shelterHeroes kill a dangerous bird. During or before confrontation they hide inside a shelter (hut, cage, vessel, bag, hollow log) or cover themselves with a protective object
k10eRescued peopleGetting to a nest of a monstrous bird, a man finds there kidnapped people, helps them to return home
k10fNestlings turn into eaglesHero transforms nestlings or monster bird into common eagles or owls
k12Woman is lost and returnedBy trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back
k15cSubstituted clothesThe owner of the stone (ice) clothes kills people. The hero hides these clothes or substitutes them with a fake and kills the owner
k176A man in search of the womanA (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
k18Infant picks out his unknown fatherA boy is born whose father or (rare) mother is unknown. He himself points at his parent who as a rule occupies the lowest social position. Usually many men (women) come together and everyone hopes that the boy points at him (her)
k1iTree to descend from a rockA tree or vine quickly grows up near the rock or in the bottom of a pit where the hero was marooned. He gets to the ground climbing down (or up) this tree (vine)
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27aOrdeal: survive coldAn ordeal: to survive cold (frosty night outdoors, chamber with ice, cold water and snow)
k27bOrdeal: to smoke a pipeAn ordeal: to smoke a huge or poisonous pipe or to remain alive in poisonous smoke
k27cOrdeal: knives and thornsAn ordeal: to remain alive after contact with sharp points or blades
k27eEating or drinking contestPerson or animal must eat (drink) enormous quantity of food (beverage) or eat or drink poisonous beverage or food
k27n3aTask-giver is the Sun, Moon, Thunder, or WindPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero is associated with the Sun, Moon, Thunder, or Wind (Cloud, Rain)
k27pAntagonist mourns loss of his helpersThe antagonist sends the hero to the place where he is attacked by dangerous creatures. The hero kills them and brings to the antagonist. The creatures are the antagonist's relatives, pets, or helpers, therefore he or she mourns their death or revives them
k27sContest: a raceContest: a race
k27wMonster brought by the hero kills the task-giverTask-giver asks to bring him dangerous being or object possessed by a moster or deity. Hero fulfills the task. The beast, monster, deity or the object itself kills the task-giver
k29aSurviving in a fireHero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation
k30Flying enemy abducts womanFlying person or creature abducts a woman but is ultimately killed or the woman escapes from him
k36Bewitched into animalPerson is temporary transformed into animal (usually into a dog or coyote or into donkey, ox, etc.). When he acquires his human guise again, the antagonist suffers similar transformation. In some texts only the hero or only the antagonist is transformed
k37Recognition-testTo return or to get his or her son, wife, husband, domestic animal or (rare) object, person must recognize her, him or it among several identical persons, animals or objects
k53Animal skins as metamorphosis amuletsPerson temporarily turns into bird or animal putting on corresponding skin or animal skins are amulets that become alive and help the person
k75The youngest daughter is willing (The loathsome bridegroom)A girl (usually the youngest of several sisters) does not reject but marries a poor, sick, dirty, old, too young, non-human, etc. man who later demonstrates his supernatural qualities
k86Weeping child stolenBecause a small child is ignored or punished by its parents (usually it cries late in the evening), bush spirit or animal carries it away
k8aJonah: swallowed by monsterPerson gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
l14Reared up serpentA small creature (often a worm or a reptile) is brought home and reared up or it becomes to live by itself in an artificial body of water. When big, it goes out of human control or becomes something huge and/or dangerous. Cf. motif L13A (The reared up monster attacks people)
l40Reflection and shadowPerson discovers (rare:still fails to discover) another getting to see his or her shadow or reflection in water
l41Hero escapes on the wayAn ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house
l50Cliff ogreA person kills those who are passing by him. Usually he does not attack them all of a sudden but first distracts their attention. Usually he throws down his victims into a precipice, lake, etc.
l66Tunnel under the monsterA small animal digs an underground hole to the place where the monstrous stag, elk, antelope, or buffalo lies. Hero climbs along the tunnel and kills the monster
l67Monster’s hair gnawed offAfter digging a tunnel under a lying monstrous animal, a small animal (usually a mouse) bites off the monster's hair at a certain place. Hero kills the monster thrusting his spear or arrow through the hairless place into the monster's heart
l98Cannibal owlDangerous cannibal or bush spirit who abducts children, attacks people, etc. is associated with an owl
m102Person lets his leg or head to be cut offA bird stands with one leg tucked under it, putting its head under its wing; turtle draws its head and limbs under its shell. Person decides that the bird has one leg, no head, turtle has neither head nor limbs, asks to cut him his head and limbs off
m103Children with pretty spotsPerson asks another how her or his children got their pretty colors. Another answers that she or he put them into the fire. roasted, etc. The first person believes, kills his or her children
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m11cPerson gets lard from his bodyA male person cuts or roasts his own body to extract meat, lard or blood, cooks it and serves to his guest without injuring himself. Such a food is not considered to be unclean
m151aHolding up the rock(Animal) person pretends to hold up a rock, tree etc. and explains that otherwise it will fall
m21A protector hides fugitivesThe protagonist pursued by an enemy comes across a person, an animal or an object to help him and receives help
m21aUnder false cause of illnessPerson is pursued by an enemy. A bird or animal hides him or her in its mouth (under a wing) and pretends not to be able to open the mouth (to raise a wing) – because of a tooth ache, some injury and the like
m23Mock pleaPerson or creature pretends to be afraid of a particular sort of treatment that really cannot do him any harm
m28Icarus (failed attempt to fly on artificial wings)Acquiring possibility to fly, person ultimately falls to the ground or remains in a faraway place being unable to fly any more
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m29kThe turtle (tortoise, toad, frog) wins thanks to his smartnessBeing smart and persistent, the turtle (toad, frog) overcomes strong adversaries
m30Trickster falls downPerson or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return
m30bBirds give and take back their feathers Birds first give their feathers to a certain person to make him be able to fly or to make him beautiful and then take them back
m38Stupid imitation (all versions)Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food
m38aThe bungling hostBeing on a visit to other people or (more often) animals, an (animal)-person sees them act using magic or according to their animal nature. Back at home, he imitates their actions and gets in trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and mostly refer to providing and cooking food
m41The eye-jugglerPerson plays throwing his eyes or (Alaska Athabascans) his tooth up or away. Eyes or tooth first come back to eye sockets or mouth but eventually are lost
m42Eyes: taken out of orbits and lostPerson loses his eyes because of his playfulness or negligence. He makes new eyes of some substance or/and takes eyes of another person
m42bEyes of gumPerson loses his eyes, makes new ones of gum and is able to see again (though usually not well)
m49Man in a skin of anotherHero comes across a (animal-)person from an enemy group and takes his or her appearance, usually dressing himself in a skin of his victim; after this he penetrates the enemy camp


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Navajo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tewa (San Juan, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso, Tesuque, Nambé; Hano), Tiwa (Taos, Picuris; Sandia, Isleta), Towa (Jemez)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Chukchi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Thompson (Nlaka'pamux)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Eastern Keres (Cochiti, Sia, San Felipe, Santo Domingo, Santa Ana, Paguate, Seama)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kwakiutl (Kwakwaka'wakw)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Eastern Ojibwa (Missisauga, Timagami and other groups in eastern Ontario)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Haida
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Arikara
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Pawnee

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Tewa (San Juan, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso, Tesuque, Nambé; Hano), Tiwa (Taos, Picuris; Sandia, Isleta), Towa (Jemez)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Chinantec, Mazatec
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Zuni
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Eastern Keres (Cochiti, Sia, San Felipe, Santo Domingo, Santa Ana, Paguate, Seama)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Napo (Quijo), Kanelo (“Jungle Kechua”)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Sauk (Sak, Mesquakie), Fox, Kickapoo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Western Keres (Acoma, Laguna)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Yokuts
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kitanemuk
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Navajo