Chukchi



Tradition title rus: 
Чукчи
Areal ID: 
11.1.2.1
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
258.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
128.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a2d


Name_eng: 
Suns of the other worlds
Description: 

Different suns illuminate different worlds or will appear successively in the future




Motif

a4


Name_eng: 
Female sun
Description: 

The Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female




Motif

a5


Name_eng: 
The Sun and the Moon are males
Description: 

The Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual




Motif

a12


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: monster’s attack
Description: 

Some creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light




Motif

a13a


Name_eng: 
Raven hides the Sun
Description: 

A raven steals (hides) the Sun or tries to do it




Motif

a31a


Name_eng: 
The cut off breast
Description: 

When a woman gets know that her husband or lover did something against accepted rules of behavior, she cuts off her breast and shows it to him




Motif

a32


Name_eng: 
Figure on lunar disc
Description: 

A figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)




Motif

a32a


Name_eng: 
The Moon rabbit
Description: 

Rabbit or hare are seen in the moon




Motif

a32d


Name_eng: 
Man in the Moon
Description: 

Human being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon




Motif

a44


Name_eng: 
Moon the protector
Description: 

A person pursued by an enemy or tyrannized by others asks the Moon to take her or him to the sky. The request is granted and the person is now seen in the Moon




Motif

b3a


Name_eng: 
Primeval waters
Description: 

Water is the original element, the dry earth appears later




Motif

b3b


Name_eng: 
Earth grows big
Description: 

Original earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance




Motif

b3e


Name_eng: 
Earth falls on waters
Description: 

In the beginning there are only air and water. 1) Person descends from the sky, creates the dry land or a hard support created for her or him grows into the earth. 2) The earth is sent or dropped from the sky, put on the surface of the water. 3) The earth is brought from somewhere (not from the underworld) and put on the water




Motif

b18


Name_eng: 
Light in container
Description: 

Day light (also warmth, the sun, the moon) is kept as a particular object in a container, under a cover, etc.




Motif

b26


Name_eng: 
Man joins wild animals
Description: 

Person who follows the wild animals turns into one of them or into their master




Motif

b31


Name_eng: 
Women turn into water mammal
Description: 

A woman (usually after a conflict with a man or remaining alone) or a man and a woman (married couple, lovers, brother and sister) turn into water mammals




Motif

b33


Name_eng: 
Mother of wind
Description: 

Female person is incarnation of wind, mother of winds, etc.




Motif

b42


Name_eng: 
Cosmic hunt
Description: 

Certain stars or constellations are interpreted as hunters, their dogs and game that the hunters pursue




Motif

b42b


Name_eng: 
Sky hunters pursue an ungulate
Description: 

In the cosmic hunt tale the game pursued by the hunters is an ungulate (elk, deer, mountain sheep, etc.)




Motif

b42f


Name_eng: 
Ursa major is an ungulate
Description: 

Ursa major (seven stars or only four stars of a dipper) is identified with an ungulate (elk, deer, mountain sheep, etc.)




Motif

b42i


Name_eng: 
Cassiopea is the deer
Description: 

Cassiopea (the Lady in the Chair) is associated with the deer or elk




Motif

b42n


Name_eng: 
Orion is one person
Description: 

Constellation of Orion or the Belt of Orion is identified with only one male person, usually with a warrior or hunter




Motif

b42o


Name_eng: 
Broken back constellation
Description: 

Certain constellation is a male person whose back is broken or wounded




Motif

b52a


Name_eng: 
Vulture creates the landscape
Description: 

Flying above the earth and flapping its wings, a bird (usually a vulture) makes it dry after the flood or otherwise creates present landscape




Motif

b54


Name_eng: 
Chips turn into fish
Description: 

Chips of wood, branches or pieces of bark thrown or fallen into the water turn into fish and/or aquatic animals




Motif

b57


Name_eng: 
Blood reddens world
Description: 

When some person or animal is killed, blood paints the sky (origin of the sunrise or sunset, of reddish colors of Aurora borealis) or other natural objects (Moon, autumn vegetation)




Motif

b71


Name_eng: 
Aurora borealis
Description: 

Aurora borealis is spirits (of the dead) who run holding burning torches, play or fight with each other




Motif

b75a


Name_eng: 
Sounds of the time of creation: voice of a person
Description: 

Voice of a person who lived in the bygone times is still heard (most often it is an echo)




Motif

b82


Name_eng: 
The white raven
Description: 

Raven or other carrion-eating bird of dark color and a similar size was originally white




Motif

b87


Name_eng: 
Alcor
Description: 

Alcor (a weak star near the second star of the handle of the Big Dipper) is selected as a particular sky object




Motif

c5a


Name_eng: 
Bird-scouts
Description: 

Birds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living




Motif

c8


Name_eng: 
The couple of close relations originates the mankind
Description: 

In the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister, mother and son, or father and daughters are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents




Motif

c8b


Name_eng: 
Siblings change their looks and marry
Description: 

In the beginning of time or after the world catastrophe brother and sister or mother and son are the only humans. They reject marriage or only the man does not want to marry his sister or mother. After their looks are changed (or only the sister or mother changes her face) they take each other for strangers, marry and beget the new race




Motif

c16


Name_eng: 
Processed objects turn into animals
Description: 

Against person's will, butchered, dried or cooked meat, tanned hides, etc. turn back into animals or fish and escape.




Motif

c18


Name_eng: 
Luring out the hidden Sun
Description: 

Person who incarnates or owns the sun hides himself or herself or is hidden. To return or to get heath and light, his or her interest is attracted or diverted by way of singing, dancing, playing music, provocative behavior, offering of unusual gifts, sex or alcohol




Motif

c19


Name_eng: 
Acquisition of the sun
Description: 

The Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)




Motif

d9


Name_eng: 
Fire and vulture
Description: 

Raven or other big dark-feathered bird scavenger is the owner, personification, spouse, obtainer or stealer of fire, daylight, or the Sun




Motif

d13f


Name_eng: 
Laughter and fire
Description: 

Laughter triggers emergence or spread of fire. Usually fire is obtained from a creature when it bursts out laughing




Motif

e1b


Name_eng: 
Person of unfit materials
Description: 

Certain person is made of improper material and proves to be short-lived or unfit for fulfilling his functions




Motif

e9


Name_eng: 
The mysterious housekeeper
Description: 

Person observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one




Motif

e9a


Name_eng: 
Fox-wife
Description: 

Man maries fox-woman




Motif

f5b


Name_eng: 
Artificial bride
Description: 

Person suffests another a woman but does not have any or does not want to give her. He makes artificial girl (of wood, snow, etc.), sends servant girl instead of his daughter, turns into a woman himself, or recognizes his fault when he feels that it is save to do so




Motif

f9


Name_eng: 
A dangerous woman
Description: 

For different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man




Motif

f9a


Name_eng: 
Vagina dentata
Description: 

There are teeth, blades or sharp stones in woman’s genitals, vagina is the biting mouth. (Only texts that are believed to correspond to reality are considered but not anecdotes and jokes)




Motif

f10


Name_eng: 
Vaginal teeth knocked out
Description: 

Woman has another toothed mouth (usually in vagina) or biting animals in vagina. Man inserts there a stone, bone, stick, etc. breaking or knocking out the teeth or extracting from there dangerous animals




Motif

f18b


Name_eng: 
Long penis after prohibited sex
Description: 

After contact with a non-human or prohibited partner (close kin, animal, spirit) man's penis becomes so long that he had to carry it in a basket, etc.




Motif

f58


Name_eng: 
Trickster and women
Description: 

A man cohabits with a group of women (or with several women in succession) concealing his identity and/or intentions. He is either eventually exposed and punished by women or escapes to continue his tricks




Motif

f59


Name_eng: 
Man to woman: modified body
Description: 

To make believe that he is a female, a trickster transforms particular objects or creatures into female body parts or into a baby child




Motif

f63


Name_eng: 
Trickster poses as woman and marries man
Description: 

A male person turns into woman and marries a man. He is either unmasked or abandons his "husband" by his own will




Motif

f65


Name_eng: 
The false burial
Description: 

To realize his or her secret desire (illicit sex, refusal to share food with relations), person pretends to die and is abandoned at a burial place




Motif

f65b


Name_eng: 
Death feigned to eat burial food
Description: 

Man pretends to die because he does not want to share food with the others and eats it alone at his burial place




Motif

f65c


Name_eng: 
The feigned burial: boy exposes deceit
Description: 

A man feigns death to marry his daughter or to eat burial food. One of the younger children recognizes the (adoptive) father or gets to see that the false dead is alive (escapes from the burial pyre, laughs, etc.)




Motif

f65d


Name_eng: 
The feigned burial: wife does not believe
Description: 

A man feigns death and is abandoned at the burial place. His wife (mother, aunt) gets to know about the deceit and provokes the man to show that he is alive




Motif

f66


Name_eng: 
The false house
Description: 

Person’s father, grandson, brother, or sister pretends to be a stranger to commit incest (accordingly with the daughter, grandmother, sister, or brother), or a husband shams to be his wife’s brother because he wants to be taken by her as her blood relative. To realize his or her stratagem, the hero imperceptibly runs to another house where the object of his or her interest later comes and takes him or her for a stranger




Motif

f67


Name_eng: 
Old woman pretends to be man
Description: 

An old woman makes herself false penis and testicles, marries or attempts to marry her (step)daughter




Motif

f74


Name_eng: 
Naked person shams dead
Description: 

When a person sees a dangerous enemy, he or she shams dead taking his or her clothes off, or the enemy takes off them himself. The enemy believes that it is a corpse, lets it alone




Motif

f81


Name_eng: 
Bride in a river
Description: 

A man mistakes his own reflection in river for a beautiful woman and makes attempts to marry her




Motif

f89


Name_eng: 
A smart sister
Description: 

Sister and brother live alone. The brother rejects the incest. The sister makes him take her for unknown girl, marries him




Motif

f91


Name_eng: 
A worm-breeder
Description: 

A man lets his wife to be eaten up by worms. She either dies or has a narrow escape




Motif

g1


Name_eng: 
A kidnapped child
Description: 

Valuables (earth, soil, sun, crops, fire, sacred knowledge, hunting luck) are got or returned when son or daughter is stolen from his or her parent




Motif

g13a


Name_eng: 
People ate dirt
Description: 

Before acquisition of cultivated plants (fire, hunting skills) people ate dirt, mud or stones




Motif

h18


Name_eng: 
Hoarded game released
Description: 

Game animals were concentrated in one single place. Certain person lets them disperse in the world




Motif

i1


Name_eng: 
The thunderbirds
Description: 

Creatures that produce rain and/or thunderstorms are birds or anthropomorphic beings with wings; or (rare) some or all birds are connected with thunder, lightning or rain though Thunder is not a bird




Motif

i8e1


Name_eng: 
Four supports of the world
Description: 

The sky or the earth rests upon four or five (cardinal points and the center) supports of any kind (poles, mountains, giants)




Motif

i14


Name_eng: 
No-anus people
Description: 

Person or creature has no anus opening




Motif

i16


Name_eng: 
Body anomalies of the first people
Description: 

First human beings have no mouth, anus or genitals, their women do not know how to give birth




Motif

i22


Name_eng: 
Objects in permanent movement
Description: 

There are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)




Motif

i22a


Name_eng: 
Rising and falling sky
Description: 

The sky is constantly moving up and down in respect to earth




Motif

i22b


Name_eng: 
Birds fly to the outer world
Description: 

Migratory birds (or shamans in guise of birds) fly from our world to the outer world through the narrow opening, between clashing rocks, under the edge of the sky which is rising and falling, etc. Many birds perish; and/or the person who lives at this place feeds on these birds; the person can be mistress of birds, lives on another side of the pulsating obstacle




Motif

i23


Name_eng: 
Snapping door
Description: 

The door of a house is opening and closing by itself crashing persons who attempt to come in or out




Motif

i27


Name_eng: 
Chthonic canine
Description: 

A dog is the lord, guard or guide of/to the land of the dead; or dogs live on the way to the land of the dead




Motif

i27a


Name_eng: 
Towns and paths of dogs
Description: 

Souls of the dead dogs have their own towns in the Beyond or their own paths to travel there




Motif

i28


Name_eng: 
Animals in the underworld
Description: 

Game animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master




Motif

i35


Name_eng: 
Dragging a hide produces thunder
Description: 

Thunder is produced by dragging behind a dry animal skin or (rare) a person (rare) or by shaking clothes




Motif

i36


Name_eng: 
Thunder and lightning are relatives, spouses or in-laws
Description: 

Thunder and lightning (two thunders, two lightings) are close relatives, spouses or in-laws




Motif

i39


Name_eng: 
Rainbow road or bridge
Description: 

Rainbow is a road, a bridge or a ladder




Motif

i45a


Name_eng: 
Not to point at the Moon or a star
Description: 

Person who points at the Moon or a star or looks intently at them will get sick or die or his pointing finger will rot or wither




Motif

i55


Name_eng: 
Stars are openings
Description: 

Stars are openings in the firmament; holes in dwelling's covering are thought to be stars




Motif

i62


Name_eng: 
Milky Way is a river
Description: 

Milky Way is a sky river, water body, chain of beings that swim




Motif

i78


Name_eng: 
The square earth
Description: 

The earth is square, the sky is usually round




Motif

i85


Name_eng: 
Polaris is a pole, a nail
Description: 

Polaris is a (tethering) pole or a nail




Motif

i85a


Name_eng: 
Animals walk around Polaris
Description: 

Hoofed animals are walking around Polaris or the movement of stars is compared with the movement of animals around a post




Motif

i94


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are openings
Description: 

The Pleiades are holes in the firmament




Motif

i100


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are girls
Description: 

The Pleiades are a group of girls or women (with children)




Motif

i100b


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are a group of people
Description: 

The Pleiades are any people (of any ages and sex, combined data of i99-i100a)




Motif

i104


Name_eng: 
Stars are fragments
Description: 

Stars are fragments of a bigger luminary (usually the Moon); or stars, the sun and the moon are formed from one and the same primeval person or creature




Motif

i112


Name_eng: 
The monster boat
Description: 

A boat is a fish, a living creature with a mouth, it can swallow people




Motif

i115a


Name_eng: 
Orion and the Pleiades as a man and women
Description: 

Orion and the Pleiades are opposed as a man or men and a woman or women. Orion is usually male




Motif

i117


Name_eng: 
Spider ferries from one world to another
Description: 

Spider person raises the hero to the sky, helps him or her to return back to earth or otherwise helps to overcome the borderlines between worlds




Motif

i118


Name_eng: 
Helpful spider-woman
Description: 

Spider-woman (rare: spider-man) is a patron of the hero who lives in her house and marries her daughter




Motif

i123


Name_eng: 
Altair is the Sun’s messenger
Description: 

Altair or Vega with a weak nearby star are believed to appear on the sky immediately after winter solstice though really it is not so




Motif

j13


Name_eng: 
Two sisters
Description: 

Two sisters (if more, only two play a significant role in the plot) travel and meet an unpleasant suitor or get to an ogre




Motif

j15


Name_eng: 
Woman gets to dangerous creatures
Description: 

Walking in search of her husband, boyfriend, kinsmen, shelter woman or girl gets to the house of dangerous creatures where she is injured or killed




Motif

j17


Name_eng: 
Frogs in hair
Description: 

Instead of lice, there are other (bigger or dangerous) creatures in the hair of some persons or he or she pretends that his or her hair is infested with them




Motif

j18


Name_eng: 
Woman falls from the sky
Description: 

A woman who is pregnant or has a small child falls from the sky. She or a daughter born by her dies but her (grand)son is grown up




Motif

j23


Name_eng: 
A late son kills monsters
Description: 

People (elder brothers, elder siblings, elder sister) disappear (one by one). A lonely woman has a baby or finds a baby or she becomes pregnant magically and gives birth to a boy or twins. The boy grows up, exterminates the antagonists, usually revives and releases those who had disappeared




Motif

j45


Name_eng: 
The stretched out leg (crane bridge)
Description: 

Person stretches his or her leg or neck as a bridge across water body. The fugitives or those who walk ahead cross the bridge; the persecutor or those who are behind usually fall because the person takes his bridge off




Motif

j46


Name_eng: 
Enemy drowns
Description: 

Antagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body




Motif

j51


Name_eng: 
One piece is missing
Description: 

Person or animal is eaten up or destroyed otherwise. His bones are put together and he or it is revived. Because one bone was broken, swallowed or lost (or a drop of blood, a small piece of flesh lost), the person or animal cannot be revived or being revived misses some part of his or its body




Motif

j57


Name_eng: 
Son of the Sun
Description: 

A virgin girl is impregnated by the Sun and gives birth to a son or twin boys. When her son (or the twins) grows up, he (they) comes to his father




Motif

j59


Name_eng: 
Following arrow to get to the sky
Description: 

To climb to the sky, person must first to shoot an arrow that reaches the sky and sticks to it




Motif

j64


Name_eng: 
Person moves on clouds of smoke
Description: 

Not being burned in a fire, person ascends to the sky or gets across a river on clouds of smoke




Motif

k1c


Name_eng: 
One who comes to look at adversary’s bones dies himself
Description: 

A man is marooned on an islet, a rock but survives thanks to helpful birds and animals. The next time the hero and the antagonist exchange roles. Usually the antagonist comes to the islet to see the bones of the abandoned man but the man takes the canoe of the antagonist and paddles away. The antagonist dies




Motif

k1e


Name_eng: 
Marooned on an islet
Description: 

Person is marooned on an islet or on another side of a sea or wide river




Motif

k1f


Name_eng: 
Conflict because of a woman
Description: 

A man maroons another because of jealousy or because he plans to take hold of his wife




Motif

k8a


Name_eng: 
Jonah: swallowed by monster
Description: 

Person gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)




Motif

k8c


Name_eng: 
Jonah: swallowed by terrestrial animal
Description: 

Person gets into the belly of ground animal or bird. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)




Motif

k10e


Name_eng: 
Rescued people
Description: 

Getting to a nest of a monstrous bird, a man finds there kidnapped people, helps them to return home




Motif

k12


Name_eng: 
Woman is lost and returned
Description: 

By trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back




Motif

k22b


Name_eng: 
Man helps inhabitants of other world
Description: 

Inhabitants of a distant land who have different nature than (normal) human beings struggle from time to time with some non-human enemies. Man helps local dwellers because their enemies are not dangerous for the human beings




Motif

k23


Name_eng: 
Battle with birds
Description: 

Birds attack the inhabitants of a distant land or a man who had got to this land




Motif

k23a


Name_eng: 
Feathers are the birds’ weapon
Description: 

Birds use their feathers as arrows or their arrows and down stick mouth openings of them enemies




Motif

k24


Name_eng: 
Stolen clothes of supernatural woman
Description: 

Women who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a man hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him




Motif

k24a


Name_eng: 
Supernatural male hides clothes of human girl
Description: 

Supernatural male person (often a snake, a dragon) hides clothes of a human girl or sits on it. To return her clothes she had to become his wife




Motif

k25


Name_eng: 
Magic wife
Description: 

A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world




Motif

k26


Name_eng: 
A hole in the firmament
Description: 

Finding a hole in the ground or making it, person gets to see below another world. Usually the earth is seen from the sky




Motif

k27c


Name_eng: 
Ordeal: knives and thorns
Description: 

An ordeal: to remain alive after contact with sharp points or blades




Motif

k27e


Name_eng: 
Eating or drinking contest
Description: 

Person or animal must eat (drink) enormous quantity of food (beverage) or eat or drink poisonous beverage or food




Motif

k27k


Name_eng: 
Diving contest
Description: 

A contest: to dive deep or for a long time




Motif

k27n


Name_eng: 
Difficult tasks of the in-laws
Description: 

A man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage




Motif

k27o


Name_eng: 
Ball game
Description: 

A contest: ball game




Motif

k27s


Name_eng: 
Contest: a race
Description: 

Contest: a race




Motif

k27x


Name_eng: 
Former husband of magic wife
Description: 

A man marries a non-human woman. In her world, she has another husband or suitor. She returns to her world, human husband follows her. He stands tests and/or fights with local inhabitants, gets his wife back




Motif

k28


Name_eng: 
Father or uncle is rival and enemy
Description: 

Maternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him




Motif

k29a


Name_eng: 
Surviving in a fire
Description: 

Hero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation




Motif

k30


Name_eng: 
Flying enemy abducts woman
Description: 

Flying person or creature abducts a woman but is ultimately killed or the woman escapes from him




Motif

k32


Name_eng: 
The false wife
Description: 

An ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.




Motif

k32a


Name_eng: 
Travelling man leaves his wife or daughter for a short time
Description: 

A man travels with his wife or daughter. Another woman or a demonic person replaces her when the man goes away for a short time or (rare) falls asleep




Motif

k41


Name_eng: 
Thunder against a serpent
Description: 

Thunder or giant bird fights against a reptile, big water animal or other big and strong creature who lives in water or under the earth




Motif

k44


Name_eng: 
False mother rejected
Description: 

A demonic or animal person steals a boy and pretends to be his real mother or father. The boy gets to know the truth, leaves the false parent




Motif

k45


Name_eng: 
Sedna (fingers cut off)
Description: 

A man rides away from a woman or girl in a boat (on raft, sledge). When she tries to snatch a border of the boat (raft, sledge), he cuts her fingers off




Motif

k47a


Name_eng: 
A woman and a dog
Description: 

After having sexual contact with a dog, a woman gives birth to his children. The puppies turn into humans and usually become ancestors of particular groups of people




Motif

k47b


Name_eng: 
Dog turns into handsome man
Description: 

A girl marries a handsome man whom she had first seen in guise of a dog




Motif

k51


Name_eng: 
The deceived wife
Description: 

A Man disappears or goes away for long time. His wife sets off, comes to a house where her husband lives now or first sends her son there. She gets to know that he has married another woman




Motif

k51a


Name_eng: 
Woman pushes her rival into the boiling pot
Description: 

A woman comes to her rival and kills her pushing her head into boiling liquid or pouring it into her ear




Motif

k56a


Name_eng: 
The unworthy girl fails, the worthy one succeeds
Description: 

Two or three sisters are sent in succession to powerful person. The first or the first and the second sister behave in a wrong way, perish or do not succeed. The last one behaves correctly, gets a reward




Motif

k56aa


Name_eng: 
Dog tests his bride
Description: 

Two or three girls in succession become brides of the dog. The first one or two act in a wrong way, perish or do not succeed. The last one behaves correctly, gets a reward




Motif

k56b


Name_eng: 
The worthy man is rewarded, the unworthy punished
Description: 

First one, then another man meets a powerful person or persons. The first man is worthy and rewarded with treasure, prestige or the like. The second man (or two men) follows him, behaves in a wrong way and is punished




Motif

k59


Name_eng: 
Box for Osiris
Description: 

One man puts another into a box, closes the lid (or ties him to a board, to canoe, etc.) and puts the box adrift. It floats to another land, man is released there, returns home, revenges on his enemy




Motif

k74a


Name_eng: 
Only the hero gets to overcome the demon whose track he then follows
Description: 

Every time a demon commits an outrage upon one of the men who remains at home. When it is the hero’s turn, he overcomes the demon and follows his track to his world




Motif

l3


Name_eng: 
Husband turns into demon
Description: 

A demon takes appearance of a man and comes to his wife or (rare) to other woman. The woman (alone or with her child) runs away and/or kills the monster (herself or with somebody's help)




Motif

l5f


Name_eng: 
Helpful skull
Description: 

A bodiless head, face, or skull is a woman's husband, suitor or son. He is not dangerous but a good provider, saves people from hunger, etc.




Motif

l17


Name_eng: 
Face on breast
Description: 

There is a headless anthropomorphic being who has eyes and/or mouth on his or her breast




Motif

l34


Name_eng: 
The burning hair
Description: 

Person kills or injures his enemy putting fire on his or her straw costume, mask, headgear, hair or object on his or her back




Motif

l38


Name_eng: 
Demon’s trap
Description: 

A demon puts a trap to catch people, hero gets into it




Motif

l41


Name_eng: 
Hero escapes on the way
Description: 

An ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house




Motif

l42


Name_eng: 
Hero carried to ogre’s home
Description: 

An ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes




Motif

l44a


Name_eng: 
Give me your liver
Description: 

A man hides in a shelter. An ogre wants him to give certain parts of his body. The man gives the ogre instead parts of the body of a killed animal. The ogre does not understand the deceit, gives in response parts of his own body and dies




Motif

l53


Name_eng: 
Stones into the maw
Description: 

A monstrous being is killed or neutralized by (burning hot) stones (pieces of metal, heavy fruits, etc.) thrown into its maw or anus or the being retreats when they menace to throw a stone into its maw




Motif

l65


Name_eng: 
Demonic baby
Description: 

A baby or small child proves to be a demon, devours or injures people




Motif

l72


Name_eng: 
The obstacle flight
Description: 

Running away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer




Motif

l85


Name_eng: 
One-sided people
Description: 

One-sided people have one leg and/or also one arm, one half of a head, etc. The second leg is not cut or burned off, preserved as a stump but is absent completely




Motif

l86


Name_eng: 
Demonic mother pursues her children
Description: 

A woman turns into demon and pursues her children




Motif

l98


Name_eng: 
Cannibal owl
Description: 

Dangerous cannibal or bush spirit who abducts children, attacks people, etc. is associated with an owl




Motif

l101


Name_eng: 
Pieces of clothes thrown to pursuer
Description: 

Pursued by demonic creature (usually a whale or walrus), people throw behind piece by piece children’s or woman’s clothes. These attract the pursuer’s attention, he loses time, the runaways escape




Motif

l102


Name_eng: 
Escape from animal husband
Description: 

Seriously of for fun, a girl or a woman names an animal or remains of an animal as her husband or steps on the animal’s bones. The animal (revives and) carries her away. Her human husband or brother comes after her and they run away. The animal husband pursues them but abandons the chase or dies




Motif

l103


Name_eng: 
Obstacle flight (Atalanta type)
Description: 

Treasure, or the like, is thrown back to tempt pursuer to delay




Motif

l111


Name_eng: 
Hook from the sky
Description: 

The sky dwellers fish human beings who live on earth with a line and a hook




Motif

m8


Name_eng: 
Breaking the obstacle
Description: 

Non-human persons work hard to destroy a strong and durable obstacle that blocks access to some place or object




Motif

m12


Name_eng: 
The unlucky hunter
Description: 

Not to return home empty-handed, a hunter or (rare) a fisherman cuts off a piece of flesh from his body (usually from his calf) or (more rare) extracts his blood or entrails. Usually he brings his flesh or blood to other people pretending that is a good game or fish; or a woman cuts off a piece of flesh from her calf to feed her husband




Motif

m21


Name_eng: 
A protector hides fugitives
Description: 

Person pursued by an enemy asks somebody whom he meets to help him. The helper hides him




Motif

m29a


Name_eng: 
Trickster-raven
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is raven




Motif

m29b


Name_eng: 
Trickster-fox, jackal or coyote
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote




Motif

m39a


Name_eng: 
Fool takes off boots from animals’ legs
Description: 

Two or three brothers live together (with their mother). One of them makes stupid actions like (all or some of them): lets free animals that got into a snare but kills his mother; cuts off the legs of domestic animals or flays them; thinks that a certain place on a head of a baby is a tumor, sucks baby's brains out; cuts a cloth into pieces and ties them to reeds of to branches of a tree; hearing a murmur of water throws food into the water; tries to build a hut not on a river bank but in the river




Motif

m40


Name_eng: 
The distorted instructions
Description: 

Person is sent to receive something of relatively low value. He asks to give him quite different object (to provide a service) and asks one who had sent him to confirm the demand. Usually a person or animal comes to a wife or a son of a powerful one and tells her or him that her (his) husband or father tells to give him food, to make love to him, to marry him, etc.




Motif

m44b


Name_eng: 
Thieves of food: the women
Description: 

Person discovers that somebody steals game or fish from his trap or devastates his garden. He or his guards catch the thieves who prove to be (the first) women or the thief is the water being whom the hero lets go after receiving a woman for ransom




Motif

m49


Name_eng: 
Man in a skin of another
Description: 

Hero comes across a (animal-)person from an enemy group and takes his or her appearance, usually dressing himself in a skin of his victim; after this he penetrates the enemy camp




Motif

m50


Name_eng: 
Man follows stars
Description: 

A man tries to join a group of persons who are or become stars (usually the Pleiades) but suffers a reverse; or he pursues the stars to have sexual contact or to be reintegrated with members of his family




Motif

m53d


Name_eng: 
Would believe enemies
Description: 

Person creates figures that look like enemies or pretends that enemies come. People run away, person gets all valuables for himself




Motif

m60


Name_eng: 
Sham doctor: finished off enemy
Description: 

Hero wounds dangerous enemy (a monster, a robber) and then, in guise of a doctor, comes to him and kills his patient instead of curing him




Motif

m60a


Name_eng: 
A hunter comes to one whom he wounded
Description: 

An animal or a supernatural creature is wounded but escapes. Local doctors are helpless. The hero or his companion, masked as a doctor, comes to the wounded one and either cures or kills him.




Motif

m60b


Name_eng: 
False doctor: a finished off victim
Description: 

The deceiver who promised to cure a sick or wounded person or animal devours him or suggests a remedy that makes the sick one to feel ever worse




Motif

m81


Name_eng: 
Blind persons
Description: 

A man travels and comes to two or several blind (usually old) persons




Motif

m84


Name_eng: 
Revived from bones
Description: 

Person, animal, fish or (rare) a fruit is eaten up and then revived, usually after all bones (all seeds) being put together




Motif

m84b


Name_eng: 
Bones thrown into the water
Description: 

Butchered and eaten animal, bird or fish revives after its bones are thrown into the water




Motif

m92


Name_eng: 
Red eyelashes
Description: 

Girls stick something red to old man's eyebrows and he thinks it is a fire




Motif

m94


Name_eng: 
Sliding downhill
Description: 

One person or animal suggests another to slide downhill to kill or harm him or her




Motif

m101


Name_eng: 
Some are afraid of men, and some of partridges
Description: 

The bear answers the fox (rare sable or wolf) that he is not afraid of the men (often says that he is afraid of the partridges when they fly up suddenly). When the bear attacks a man, he is wounded or killed. Cf. motif M101A




Motif

m150


Name_eng: 
The deceitful herdsman`
Description: 

An animal person becomes a herdsman but eats the entrusted animals up




Motif

a13a1


Name_eng: 
Raven obtains the Sun
Description: 

Raven (crow) gets the hidden or stolen Sun (daylight)




Motif

m3


Name_eng: 
Chain of animals
Description: 

Person crosses a water or air space along the chain of many animals, birds or fish




Motif

m81c


Name_eng: 
Blinds met in the sky
Description: 

Getting to the sky or (rare) to the lower world a man comes across one or two blind persons, then returns to the earth. Usually he cures their eyes




Motif

m81d


Name_eng: 
Blind persons cured
Description: 

A man comes across (often in the sky) one or two blind persons and cures their eyes




Motif

k25a1


Name_eng: 
Magic wife finds her clothes
Description: 

Magic wife abandons her mortal husband when she finds her clothes (often, her feathers if she is a bird-woman), makes herself the new clothes, receives them from her kin or her husband gives her her clothing believing that she will not abandon him. (Versions with magic wife abandoning her husband because she feels herself offended is not alternative to the “found clothes but in most of the texts these motifs are not combined)




Motif

k53


Name_eng: 
Animal skins as metamorphosis amulets
Description: 

Person temporarily turns into bird or animal putting on corresponding skin or animal skins are amulets that become alive and help the person




Motif

k27n1


Name_eng: 
Task-giver is a king or a chief
Description: 

Person who gives difficult tasks to the hero and/or person who demands the fulfillment of certain conditions from those who want to marry his daughter is a prominent figure in social hierarchy. He is a head of the socio-political unit of community or super-community level and is neither a member of the hero’s household nor a mythical being




Motif

k75


Name_eng: 
The youngest daughter is willing (The loathsome bridegroom)
Description: 

A girl (usually the youngest of several sisters) does not reject but marries a poor, sick, dirty, old, too young, non-human, etc. man who later demonstrates his supernatural qualities




Motif

i38


Name_eng: 
The dog-heads
Description: 

Some beings are half-men and half-dogs (usually anthropomorphic with heads of dogs)




Motif

l93a


Name_eng: 
Helpful fox
Description: 

Cunning fox, jackal or coyote saves particular person or many people, helps them




Motif

k118


Name_eng: 
The prohibited room
Description: 

Master of the house allows person to feel himself (herself) free bit not to look into particular place. The person breaks prohibition




Motif

l65b


Name_eng: 
Dogs save their master
Description: 

A demonic woman or (rare) her paramour or a monster is going to kill a man usually after driving him up a tree. At the last moment the man's dogs or other animals or birds who are the man's pets come and kill the demon




Motif

k25a2


Name_eng: 
Thrown down feathers
Description: 

Person flies (makes attempt to fly) away after sticking feathers to his or her body dropped by migratory birds that fly above in the sky




Motif

l19b


Name_eng: 
Beings with odd number of heads
Description: 

Being (any besides birds) with more than ten heads or with odd (but more than one) number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. If beings with ever more number of heads are named, the row ends with a being that has odd (or more than ten) number of heads




Motif

k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)


Name_eng: 
Competitions and difficult tasks
Description: 

Person is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life




Motif

m91


Name_eng: 
The killed corpse
Description: 

Person pretends that a person (often his or her mother, spouse or lover) who recently died is alive, claims that the death of the false alive resulted from negligence of others and gets a reward




Motif

m91c1


Name_eng: 
Herd from the river bottom
Description: 

Person gets other person’s possessions by trick (or pretends to get it; usually another person is drowned instead of him) and then demonstrates his possessions (usually a herd) and explains that he had received everything at the river bottom. His enemies believe him




Motif

m91c2


Name_eng: 
Put into the bag
Description: 

Person is put into a bag (a cage, tied up, etc.) to be drowned, burned, etc. He pretends to be in this situation by his own will or because he refuses to marry a princess, to become a chief and the like. Another person is willing to take his place and is killed




Motif

i85a1


Name_eng: 
Polaris is the hole in the sky
Description: 

Polaris is the opening though which one can get into the upper world




Motif

k27n3b


Name_eng: 
Task-giver lives in the sky but is not the Sun, Moon, Thunder or Wind
Description: 

Person who gives difficult tasks or tests to the hero or heroine lives in the sky but is not associated with the Sun, Moon, Thunder or Wind




Motif

k27n3a


Name_eng: 
Task-giver is the Sun, Moon, Thunder, or Wind
Description: 

Person who gives difficult tasks to the hero is associated with the Sun, Moon, Thunder, or Wind (Cloud, Rain)




Motif

k27n3c


Name_eng: 
Task-giver is a zoomorphic being
Description: 

Person who gives difficult tasks to the hero is associated with an animal, a bird or a fish




Motif

b46c


Name_eng: 
Big Dipper is seven persons or animals
Description: 

Every main star of the Big Dipper is interpreted as a particular person or animal




Motif

b79a1


Name_eng: 
A bird dropped hard substance on water
Description: 

In the beginning of time, a bird flies and drops some solid substance on the waters and the dry land or an island appear. Sometimes the precise nature of the substratum on which the solid piece falls is not defined




Motif

m82a


Name_eng: 
Rattles tied secretly to the tail
Description: 

One animal person inconspicuously ties rattles to the tail of another. The latter thinks that he is pursued and runs in panic




Motif

m7a


Name_eng: 
Left in the water
Description: 

Birds or an animals takes (animal) person into their boat but acquire their animal guise and leave him in water (when he breaks a taboo)




Motif

m29b1


Name_eng: 
The wolf is a failure
Description: 

Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the wolf suffers a reverse, is injured or dies




Motif

m29b2


Name_eng: 
The bear is a failure/enemy
Description: 

Because of its stupidity or unsocial behavior, the bear suffers a reverse, is injured or dies




Motif

k52c


Name_eng: 
The flood in a dwelling
Description: 

A shaman, wizard or other character with magical powers demonstrates his skill. The dwelling in which he and other people are situated begins to fill with water. It is sometimes said that this water is an illusion and that the people also see animals (waterfowl, fish or marine mammals) swimming around




Motif

m7b


Name_eng: 
The last one is chosen
Description: 

Person gets to a place from which he cannot come out. He asks to help him different animals (fish) who pass by or come to him and choses the last one




Motif

k76


Name_eng: 
A strange son
Description: 

A boy born into a family or found by his adoptive parents has a strange guise (ball of meat, nut, bag, half of a man, an animal). He possesses magic power, becomes a handsome man and usually marries a girl of high social status. The magic spouse of a princess originally has a non-human or monstrous appearance




Motif

m109


Name_eng: 
The tail-fisher
Description: 

Animal person puts his tail (penis) down and waits in hope to get something edible. The tail (penis) is torn or cut off, the person escapes or dies




Motif

b74a


Name_eng: 
Red rags on eyelids
Description: 

After they sew red rags or threads to person’s eylids or paint them in red (or he does it himself), he sees everything in red color or his eye become red forever




Motif

m173a


Name_eng: 
The thief drops matched objects
Description: 

The thief drops first one, then the other, of a pair of matched objects (shoes, boots, sword and sheath, knife and folk) in the road. A person passes by the first object but, when he sees the second, he goes back for the first, leaving the animal (or other possessions) behind. The thief takes the animal




Motif

i135


Name_eng: 
The sky skin or cloth
Description: 

The sky (Milky Way) is a skin of an animal or a cloth




Motif

a32e


Name_eng: 
Person with an object in hands
Description: 

Person who holds some object in his or her hands is seen in the moon (rare: in the sun)




Motif

j37


Name_eng: 
The antagonist is carried away by bird
Description: 

A man turns into powerful bird or creates it. The bird carries away his enemy




Motif

k32k


Name_eng: 
The false wife is a bug or a grub
Description: 

The false wife who acquired guise and place of the real one is a smelling bug or a grub




Motif

m94a1


Name_eng: 
Sliding downhill: animal tricksters
Description: 

Being irresponsible and light-minded, animal person slides downhill and dies or gets into trouble (falls on sharp pole, into the water, etc.)




Motif

c34


Name_eng: 
The deluge because of a wounded creature
Description: 

Killing (injuring, offending) of some cruature (usually related to water) triggers deluge




Motif

k21


Name_eng: 
Woman gets to the sky and marries a sky-dweller
Description: 

Woman gets to the sky and marries a sky-dweller




Motif

m29b3


Name_eng: 
The fox (jackal, coyote) is a failure
Description: 

Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the fox, jackal or coyote suffers a reverse, is injured or dies




Motif

l65b3


Name_eng: 
The escape on the tree
Description: 

Persons climbs a tree and thanks to this escapes from a demon (who usually tries to fell the tree)




Motif

h28b


Name_eng: 
Mosquitoes from animal hair
Description: 

The cut off hair from the aniaml hide (ash and smoke of the burned hide) turn into blood-sucking insects




Motif

h28c


Name_eng: 
Mosquitoes return wives
Description: 

Person creates blood-sucking insect to influence the behavior of the (potential) sex-partner




Motif

b2c


Name_eng: 
The earth is a human body, is born by the woman
Description: 

The earth, elements of the landscape or the fertile soil are the transformed body of a person or the earth (islands) were born by a woman




Motif

k176


Name_eng: 
A man in search of the woman
Description: 

A (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife




Motif

i7c


Name_eng: 
Rain or dew is urine
Description: 

When a person or creature who lives in the upper world urinates, it rains (dew falls) on earth




Motif

k10


Name_eng: 
Fight with the monstrous bird
Description: 

Monstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it




Motif

m75


Name_eng: 
Valuables taken off the vultures
Description: 

Person attracts and catches the carrion-eaters (usually some birds) and thanks to this obtains valuables retrieves valuables (fire, woman, animals, etc.)




Motif

k8c5


Name_eng: 
Bear dies after swallowing mouse
Description: 

Animal person (mammal, bird, fish) of a small size (less than a fox) gets inside the bear and kills him from the inside (usually eat his meat)




Motif

k102a2


Name_eng: 
Conflict between mother and son
Description: 

Mother tries to kill her son (children) because he interferes with her love affair




Motif

k51b


Name_eng: 
The killed ones smile
Description: 

Bodies of the killed ones are put in such a position as if they are in a good mood (smile, laugh, dance)




Motif

k66c


Name_eng: 
The bear takes human spouse
Description: 

The bear (lion) takes a woman for sexual partner or the she-bear takes a man. They have children who look like humans or bear cubs. More rare the woman gives birth to her son in the bear den because being abducted by the bear she was pregnant




Motif

k66d


Name_eng: 
The bear’s (adopted) son
Description: 

The (adopted) human child of a bear has superhuman strength




Motif

m11


Name_eng: 
The unclean food
Description: 

Person feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food




Motif

i50b


Name_eng: 
Predator animal with more than four legs
Description: 

A predator animal or a zoomorphic non-reptilian monster with six or more legs is described or represented in art




Motif

e9i2


Name_eng: 
Duck-wife
Description: 

A man marries supernatural woman who is a duck




Motif

e9i3


Name_eng: 
Goose-wife
Description: 

A man marries supernatural woman who is a goose




Motif

i22c


Name_eng: 
A plank from the stern of Argo
Description: 

Person succeeds in getting through the opening which is going to bang shut but the stern of his boat, the tail of an animal or a bird, the body of his horse, or his own heel is flatterned, torn off, etc.




Motif

i22g


Name_eng: 
Clapping rocks
Description: 

There are mountains or rocks which permanently collide and separate again from each other or a crack (jaws) in a vertical cliff which is opening and closing




Motif

i22b1


Name_eng: 
Birds perish at the border of our world
Description: 

Some migratory birds (or shamns in guse of birds) perish when they reach the border of our world




Motif

e9m


Name_eng: 
Bear-wife
Description: 

Man marries a polar bear or grizzly who becomes a woman or a woman who becomes a bear




Motif

k27n3a1


Name_eng: 
Hero’s rivals are the elements
Description: 

In course of his matchmaking, hero comes into conflict with persons (more than two) who embody the elements, celestial bodies and parts of the universe




Motif

a32j


Name_eng: 
A shaman in the moon
Description: 

A shaman with his drum ascends to the moon and remains there, his figure is seen in the moon




Motif

k27n3c1


Name_eng: 
Hero’s adversaries are polar bears
Description: 

Inhabitants of the village of the polar bears who are relations of the hero’s wife give him difficult tasks and tests




Motif

l102a


Name_eng: 
Escape from the sea-gull husband
Description: 

The sea-gull abducts a girl or a woman but she gets to return to the people




Motif

l1a


Name_eng: 
Woman turns into the bear
Description: 

A young woman turns into the bear (in Asia, into the tiger) and attacks her husband or close relatives




Motif

k45b


Name_eng: 
Woman turns into water animal
Description: 

A man and a woman of different generations (the father and the daughter, the son and the mother) get into conflict which results in the woman's transformation into the sea mammal. the sovereign of the sea mammals or into the frog (toad)




Motif

f18a


Name_eng: 
The long penis
Description: 

Penis is so long that he can turn it round his waist or send into a woman who is at a long distance from him. (Only texts considered to describe real events and beings and not anecdotes are included)




Motif

m29a1


Name_eng: 
Raven (crow) is the main trickster
Description: 

In three or more different episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is raven (crow)




Motif

m49a


Name_eng: 
The substituted medicine-woman
Description: 

The hero has to come unrecognized to the meeting place of his enemies. He meets an old woman (usually a shaman, a medicine-woman) who goes there, puts on her skin and acquires her appearance




Motif

b42h2


Name_eng: 
Reddish star is the arrow
Description: 

A big reddish star (Betelgeuse or Aldebaran) is associated with an arrow




Motif

h54b


Name_eng: 
The glance of death
Description: 

Person’s glance brings death (and destruction)




Motif

i85c


Name_eng: 
Containers with weather
Description: 

A person rises to the sky and finds there containers with different (two or more) types of precipitations, atmospheric phenomena, seasons and/or celestial bodies




Motif

j23c


Name_eng: 
Youngest brother kills monsters
Description: 

People (elder brothers, elder siblings, elder sister) disappear (one by one). A lonely woman has a baby or finds a baby or she becomes pregnant magically and gives birth to a boy. The boy grows up, exterminates the antagonists, usually revives and releases those who had disappeared




Motif

a19c1


Name_eng: 
The sun cart
Description: 

The sun or the moon moves in a cart or sledge




Motif

m39a4i


Name_eng: 
Fontanelle of a baby
Description: 

Fool sees fontanelle on a baby’s head, takes it for abscess and squeezes off. The baby becomes silent, the fool thinks that he fell asleep




Motif

c8aa


Name_eng: 
Brother and sister beget the people
Description: 

In the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents





Warning! The followed motifs has no type selected:
k27n3a1

Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
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Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
West Greenland
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Caduveo, Mbaya
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Koyukon
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Western Sami
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Nganasans
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Japanese folklore outside of Ryukyu
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Southern Altai: Altai proper (Altai-Kiji), Telengit

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
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Kamchadal
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Asiatic Eskimo (Sirenek, Naukan, Chaplino)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Kerek
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Maritime Koryak (Alyutor)
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North Alaskan Inupiat
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Iglulik
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Enets
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Mackenzie Delta
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Evens (Lamuts)
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