Tundra (Lower Kolyma) Yukaghir (Waduls)



Tradition title rus: 
Тундровые (нижнеколымские) юкагиры (вадулы)
Areal ID: 
11.1.1.2
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
121.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
40.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b36aTwo creatures decorate each otherTwo zoomorphic personages decorates each other or somebody decorates each of them
b38The ruined paintingPerson paints birds or animals or they paint each other. Some of them are not satisfied with the result
b38aTwo birds decorate each otherTwo birds decorate each other, one becomes worse than it was before
b38cRaven and loon paint each otherRaven and loon paint each other
b38eTail base of the loonPerson kicks loon or other water bird. Since then this bird has flat tail base and it walks on dry land with difficulty
b70Ears of the harePerson beats hares, foxes or other medium size animals who became helpless (usually closed in his house). Tale explains why tips of the animals' ears or tails have a particular color
b82The white ravenRaven or other carrion-eating bird of dark color and a similar size was originally white
d1Female spirit of fireFire is personified as an (elder) woman, alone or with her husband, master of fire
d13gMeet seen on teethWhen person laughs, people see his or her monstrous mouth (many teeth, human meat on teeth). They kill the monster or escape from it
d13iBroken toothPerson knows that the deceiver and trickster has one of his teeth broken. To identify him, person makes others laugh and thus open their mouths
d13i1Showing his teeth, person betrays himselfPerson’s (demonic) nature becomes clear when he or she laughs and shows his or her teeth
d1bMale spirit of fireThe fire is personified as an elder man (alone or with his wife, mistress of fire)
e11The burned skinMagic person reveals his true nature and/or remains with the real people after the object responsible for preserving the non-human appearance (usually an animal skin) is destroyed (usually burned)
e13Drum is a lakeThe shaman’s drum is likened with a lake
e30The make-believe spouse of woodPerson does not have a spouse, uses wooden fakes for his wife or her husband
e9The mysterious housekeeperPerson observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one
e9cUngulate animal-wifeA man marries a woman who initially has guise of an ungulate animal (buffalo, elk, derr, etc.)
e9i1Swan-wifeA man marries supernatural woman who is a swan
f10Vaginal teeth knocked outWoman has another toothed mouth (usually in vagina) or biting animals in vagina. Man inserts there a stone, bone, stick, etc. breaking or knocking out the teeth or extracting from there dangerous animals
f20A strong embraceMan and woman embrace each other forever or for a long time
f35aFeeding with the kin’s meatPerson does not know that he or she eats or cooks the meat of the member of his or her household (blood relation, more rare a spouse or servant) or serves it to his or her friends, or uses her or his bones for everyday needs, or slowly kills him ort her
f45The AmazonsThere are (or were) women who live apart from men in their own village or villages
f64bIncestuous womanA woman pretends to be a stranger to have sexual relations with her (grand)son, daughter or brother
f65The false burialTo realize his or her secret desire (illicit sex, refusal to share food with relations), person pretends to die and is abandoned at a burial place
f65bDeath feigned to eat burial foodMan pretends to die because he does not want to share food with the others and eats it alone at his burial place
f65cThe feigned burial: boy exposes deceit A man feigns death to marry his daughter or to eat burial food. One of the younger children recognizes the (adoptive) father or gets to see that the false dead is alive (escapes from the burial pyre, laughs, etc.)
f65dThe feigned burial: wife does not believeA man feigns death and is abandoned at the burial place. His wife (mother, aunt) gets to know about the deceit and provokes the man to show that he is alive
f66The false housePerson’s father, grandson, brother, or sister pretends to be a stranger to commit incest (accordingly with the daughter, grandmother, sister, or brother), or a husband shams to be his wife’s brother because he wants to be taken by her as her blood relative. To realize his or her stratagem, the hero imperceptibly runs to another house where the object of his or her interest later comes and takes him or her for a stranger
f7The underwater-maidenMan takes or attempts to take a wife who is connected with the underwater world (fish, crab, snake, water animal and the like)
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f90A tragic incestBrother and sister marry each other. When their children get to know about the incest, they kill their parents, or father kills children, or parents suicide, or wife/sister suicides when her husband/brother has died
h6cThe immortal ravenRaven is associated with death or contrasted with people as an immortal with mortals (is sent to the medicine of immortality; drinks itself water of immortality; gives instructions concerning funeral rites; etc.)
h6c1Valuables in exchange for the nestlingTo obtain a desired object, person catches a child or spouse of an animal person (bird, snake, crab) and promises to release it as soon as its parent (spouse)) brings the object
i106Ursa major is a personUrsa major is only one anthropomorphic being, not several persons
i14No-anus peoplePerson or creature has no anus opening
i17Body anomalies of inhabitants of a distant landBeings without mouth, anus, genitals, whose women do not know how to give birth live in the underworld, in the sky, or in a far-away land
i19People inhale the odor of foodAnthropomorphic beings satisfy their hunger cooking food and inhaling the odor
i27Chthonic canineA dog is the lord, guard or guide of/to the land of the dead; or dogs live on the way to the land of the dead
i46aOld woman’s rainbowRainbow is associated with an old woman
i46cRainbow ropeRainbow is a rope to which a domestic animal is tied
i50Ungulate animal with more than four legsAn ungulate animal (a horse, an elk, a moose) with six or more legs is described or represented in art
i50aTorn off legs of the helpful animalDemon tears off or devours one by one legs of aт animal who helps the hero, usually of his riding horse
i55Stars are openingsStars are openings in the firmament; holes in dwelling's covering are thought to be stars
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j30Parents’ remainsBefore the hero destroys the antagonists or escapes from them, he finds or receives the remains or possessions that belonged to the antagonists' victim
j4Revenge for the death of the male relativesHeroes avenge the murder or captivity of the male relatives: (grand)father, uncles, or the elder relatives in general, the loss of the males being the most traumatic
j45The stretched out leg (crane bridge)Person stretches his or her leg or neck as a bridge across water body. The fugitives or those who walk ahead cross the bridge; the persecutor or those who are behind usually fall because the person takes his bridge off
j46Enemy drownsAntagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body
j4bRevenge inside the familyChildren (son, sons, son and daughter) of the murdered woman or man revenge on persons who have marital or close kin relations with the victom
j63Son saves, daughter betraysEnemies attack household. The master's wife agrees to live with the enemies' leader, her former husband lies alive but tied up. Somebody (usually his daughter) refuses to release him, but other person (usually his son) does it. The man kills the enemies and usually cruelly kills his wife (and daughter)
k10Fight with the monstrous birdMonstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it
k102a2Conflict between mother and son Mother tries to kill her son (children) because he interferes with her love affair
k24Stolen clothes of supernatural womanWomen (rare: men) who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons; rare: a girl of higher social status than the hero) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a person hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him (rare: her)
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k25a1Magic wife finds her clothesMagic wife abandons her mortal husband when she finds her clothes (often, her feathers if she is a bird-woman), makes herself the new clothes, receives them from her kin or her husband gives her her clothing believing that she will not abandon him. (Versions with magic wife abandoning her husband because she feels herself offended is not alternative to the “found clothes but in most of the texts these motifs are not combined)
k25a5Two brothers and the swan-maidensThe elder brother is a hunter, the younger brother (rare: sister) stays at home. When the elder gets to know that the bird-maidens visit the younger, he instructs him what he should do to catch one of the girls. The elder brother marries her but she finds her feathered clothes and flies away (in many versions the younger brother is a simpleton and tells his sister-in-law where her clothes are hidden). The elder brother goes away in search of his lost wife
k25a7Two brothers and the winged maidenThe elder brother is a hunter, the younger one is a housekeeper. When the elder brother gets to catch the winged maiden, the younger foolishly gives her winged back and she flies away. The elder brother sets off to return his wife
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n3bTask-giver lives in the sky but is not the Sun, Moon, Thunder or WindPerson who gives difficult tasks or tests to the hero or heroine lives in the sky but is not associated with the Sun, Moon, Thunder or Wind
k27o1Head used as ballSevered human heads are compared with balls or used as balls
k27sContest: a raceContest: a race
k28Father or uncle is rival and enemyMaternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him
k29aSurviving in a fireHero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation
k30Flying enemy abducts womanFlying person or creature abducts a woman but is ultimately killed or the woman escapes from him
k32The false wifeAn ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.
k32aTravelling man leaves his wife or daughter for a short timeA man travels with his wife or daughter. Another woman or a demonic person replaces her when the man goes away for a short time or (rare) falls asleep
k44bReturning after long absence, person throws food to his motherComing home after a long absence, the hero (rare: heroine) peeps into his house and sees his mother (his parents, her husband) who suffers hunger. He or she throws food inside, extinguishes the fire, pushes aside, etc. Usually those who are inside do not understand what is happening
k60aHow strong are these bonds?Person lets be firmly tied up when another one say that it's only a joke (e.g. a test to see can the first one break bonds)
k66cThe bear takes human spouseThe bear (lion) takes a woman for sexual partner or the she-bear takes a man. They have children who look like humans or bear cubs. More rare the woman gives birth to her son in the bear den because being abducted by the bear she was pregnant
k75The youngest daughter is willing (The loathsome bridegroom)A girl (usually the youngest of several sisters) does not reject but marries a poor, sick, dirty, old, too young, non-human, etc. man who later demonstrates his supernatural qualities
k80Repetitive reincarnationPerson (usually a young woman) turns into different objects or creatures which another person destroys one by one. However, the person is reincarnated again and again and ultimately acquires her or his original form
k86Weeping child stolenBecause a small child is ignored or punished by its parents (usually it cries late in the evening), bush spirit or animal carries it away
l100cDuped visitors of a chaste womanWhen a man comes to a beautiful woman she tricks him by asking to finish some trivial task, keeping him by her magic in an awkward or ridiculous position until daylight. Episode is repeated next nights with other or (rare) the same suitor. Usually the first suitor being ashamed tells the other that everything was nice, so all of them are humiliated the same way
l18Multi-headed birdA bird with two or more heads on top of one body is described in tales or represented in art
l38Demon’s trapA demon puts a trap to catch people, hero gets into it
l38aA sticky trapPerson sticks to an object, usually touching it one by one with his body members. The object is a trap of demonic creature or is a non human creature itself
l41Hero escapes on the wayAn ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house
l42Hero carried to ogre’s homeAn ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes
l42bCredulous children of the ogreAn ogre's child or (rare) wife believes in what hero tells him (or her) and releases him. Usually the hero kills the child and puts its meat to cook in the very pot where the ogre planned to cook the hero
l42cNow in, now outdoorsPerson hides from the powerful one now in his house, now outdoors, the powerful cannot catch him
l56Fire in monster’s bellyA monster or a big animal dies when fire is kindled in its belly
l65aThe cannibal sisterA girl born to the family or found proves to be a monster, devours people. Her brother escapes, (usually marries and returns home, finds that everybody had been eaten up), runs away, she pursues him but cannot get
l65a1Horse’ legs eaten offA demonic person devours in succession parts of the hero’s horse, each time coming back to the hero and returning again to the horse. (Often asking the hero, if he has ridden on a three-. two-. one-legged horse)
l65bDogs save their masterA demonic woman or (rare) her paramour or a monster is going to kill a man usually after driving him up a tree. At the last moment the man's dogs or other animals or birds who are the man's pets come and kill the demon
l65b3The escape on the treePersons climbs a tree and thanks to this escapes from a demon (who usually tries to fell the tree)
l65cCannibal elder sisterThe eldest of three or more sisters becomes a cannibal and devours her sisters and other people
l65dYounger sister of cannibal womanWhen the elder sister becomes a cannibal, the younger one (temporarily) escapes. Cf. motifs L1B, L65C
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l72aComb becomes a thicketRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws a comb (a brush) that turns into mighty obstacle (usually a thicket) on the way of the pursuer. (In South America the motif is probably of European origin)
l72hObstacle flight: the thrown fire-stoneRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws a tool (fire-stone, matches, tinder) creating an obstacle on the way of the pursuer. (A flint is considered as a fire-producing tool and ignored as a hard stone that turns into mountain or rock)
l73Ogre tries to drink a river dry and burstsThe antagonist tries to drink a river or sea and bursts
l73cA towel opens or blocks the passWaving a piece of cloth (throwing it on the ground, putting on water, etc.) person creates obstacles (on the way of the pursuer) or a means to overcome them (bridge, dry path between waters, etc.)
l85One-sided peopleOne-sided people have one leg and/or also one arm, one half of a head, etc. The second leg is not cut or burned off, preserved as a stump but is absent completely
l90Mouth from the earth to the skyMonster's upper lip (fang, horn, etc.) touches the sky, lower touches the ground
m101Some are afraid of men, and some of partridgesThe bear answers the fox (rare sable or wolf) that he is not afraid of the men (often says that he is afraid of the partridges when they fly up suddenly). When the bear attacks a man, he is wounded or killed. Cf. motif M101A
m123dRaven the filth-eaterRaven is going to marry a girl but is rejected after they see that he eats filth
m140The theft of fishTrickster pretends to be dead, sick or weak and is picked up by those who carry something edible in a cart (sledge, boat, bag, etc.). The trickster secretly eats the food, often after throwing it out of the cart (sledge, etc.)
m140aThe fox ties his companionThe fox lives with an old man or the wolf, ties him by deception and runs away
m171The profitable exchange: from a pea to a horsePerson or animal stays for a night and the next morning declares that his possessions (which value is none or negligible) are lost. Or other persons whom the trickster meets really use or spoil objects that the trickster gives them. Every time he receives in compensation objects or animals with ever bigger value, the last acquisition usually being a costly animal or a girl. (All texts with motifs M171A and M171C contain also the motif M171)
m171bShoulder-blade with no meatPerson pretends that he has not a bare should-blade but a good piece of meat, asks people to cook it and then blames them for stealing the meat
m29aTrickster-ravenIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is raven
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m29b2The bear is a failure/enemyBecause of its stupidity or unsocial behavior, the bear suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m39aFool takes off boots from animals’ legsTwo or three brothers live together (with their mother). One of them makes stupid actions like (all or some of them): lets free animals that got into a snare but kills his mother; cuts off the legs of domestic animals or flays them; thinks that a certain place on a head of a baby is a tumor, sucks baby's brains out; cuts a cloth into pieces and ties them to reeds of to branches of a tree; hearing a murmur of water throws food into the water; tries to build a hut not on a river bank but in the river
m39bFool attacks his own dwellingPerson does not put attention in which direction his canoe goes. As a result he returns to his own dwelling and attacks its inhabitants killing his own kin
m39b1Paddling in both directionsPersons sitting in a canoe paddle in opposite directions and the canoe does not move
m45aOld man and animalsA man falls asleep or pretends to be sleeping or dead. Animals take him for dead: mourn, carry to bury, are going to eat up, etc. The man kills a lot of animals or obtain valuables otherwise
m57aBeads discharged from the bodyInstead of common body discharges a man or a woman urinates, spits, etc. beads, flowers, gold and other valuables; valuables are produced by the very presence of particular person
m57a3Female person is the producer of valuablesInstead of common body discharges a a woman urinates, spits, etc. beads, flowers, gold and other valuables; valuables are produced by the very presence of particular female person. See motif m57a
m60bFalse doctor: a finished off victimThe deceiver who promised to cure a sick or wounded person or animal devours him or suggests a remedy that makes the sick one to feel ever worse
m91The killed corpsePerson pretends that a person (often his or her mother, spouse or lover) who recently died is alive, claims that the death of the false alive resulted from negligence of others and gets a reward
m91c1Herd from the river bottomPerson gets other person’s possessions by trick (or pretends to get it; usually another person is drowned instead of him) and then demonstrates his possessions (usually a herd) and explains that he had received everything at the river bottom. His enemies believe him
m91c2Put into the bagPerson is put into a bag (a cage, tied up, etc.) to be drowned, burned, etc. He pretends to be in this situation by his own will or because he refuses to marry a princess, to become a chief and the like. Another person is willing to take his place and is killed
m91c4Pot that does not need fire to cookMan takes a pot from the fire but it is still boiling or he cooks the food beforehand and tells that his pot cooks it in no time (or that his stick touching ground creates the food). Another man buys the pot (the stick)
m94Sliding downhillOne person or animal suggests another to slide downhill to kill or harm him or her
m94aSliding downhill: victims of antagonistA demonic person provokes his victims to slide downhill and kills them
n10The transparent bodyA woman (rare: a man) with transparent body is described. This transparence is an evidence of the beauty
n10cInner organs are seen through the bodyInner organs of a girl or food that she swallowed are seen through her body. This transparence is an evidence of the beauty.
n5They recognize winter by rime, summer by rainLong trips, campaigns, flights or battles are described using cliché which contain expressions like “they get to know that it is winter seeing rime, that it is summer, seeing rain” and the like


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Forest (Upper Kolyma) Yukaghir (Oduls)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Central Yakuts (Sakha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Udeghe
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Iglulik
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Nanai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Oroch
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Blackfoot
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Carrier
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Ilimpii Tungus/Evenki
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Shuswap

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Evens (Lamuts)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Udeghe
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tungus.Evenki) of Russian Far East
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Nanai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tundra Nenets
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Forest (Upper Kolyma) Yukaghir (Oduls)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Chuvans, Russian-speaking Creols of Markovo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Central Yakuts (Sakha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Chukchi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Dolgans