Forest (Upper Kolyma) Yukaghir (Oduls)



Tradition title rus: 
Лесные (верхнеколымские) юкагиры (одулы)
Areal ID: 
11.1.1.1
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
136.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
69.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32aThe Moon rabbitRabbit or hare are seen in the moon
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a32ePerson with an object in handsPerson who holds some object in his or her hands is seen in the moon (rare: in the sun)
a32fWater-carrier in the MoonPerson who went to fetch water and/or holds in hands a container for liquid is seen in the moon
a4Female sunThe Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female
a44Moon the protectorA person pursued by an enemy or tyrannized by others asks the Moon to take her or him to the sky. The request is granted and the person is now seen in the Moon
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
a6The Sun and the Moon are femalesBoth the Sun and the Moon are considered to be females (incl. cases when the gender is not directly specified but both emerge from parts of the body of a female person)
b1Two male creatorsTwo male anthropomorphic creators compete in producing things. One of them is or becomes master of the underworld and/or spirits while another is associated with humans
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b36aTwo creatures decorate each otherTwo zoomorphic personages decorates each other or somebody decorates each of them
b38The ruined paintingPerson paints birds or animals or they paint each other. Some of them are not satisfied with the result
b38aTwo birds decorate each otherTwo birds decorate each other, one becomes worse than it was before
b38cRaven and loon paint each otherRaven and loon paint each other
b38eTail base of the loonPerson kicks loon or other water bird. Since then this bird has flat tail base and it walks on dry land with difficulty
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b40Rabbit as deer’s proxyHare or rabbit is a false deer or it was deer in the past or a close kin of the deer or had horns or antlers or missed opportunity to get them, its ears are the false horns
b64The bony fishBones of fresh-water fish are result of a fighting or military expedition. The bones are arrows that have pierced the fish bodies (gill openings are pierced by arrows) or the small bones are fragments of originally big ones
b64aSmall bones: war between fish and birdsFish and birds shoot arrows into each other. Since then there are many small bones inside the fish
b64bSmall bones: war between the fishFish of two species shoot arrows into each other. Since then there are many small bones in the fish or some bones are forked
b64dBones are arrowsCertain bones in the body of living creatures (usually birds and fish) are arrows that were shot into them
b70Ears of the harePerson beats hares, foxes or other medium size animals who became helpless (usually closed in his house). Tale explains why tips of the animals' ears or tails have a particular color
b72The thirsty cuckooBecause children do not give water to their mother, she turns into a bird, usually a cuckoo, and flies away
b72cThe blood of the running children paints objectsRunning after their mother, the children injure themselves, their blood paints red plants, ground, sky
b72dWings from the cutting boardA woman makes wings (a beck, a tail) from her dress-making tools and turns into a bird or a flying squirrel
b81Rifle for the dogCreator and his opponent ponder upon should the dog be able to use a bow or fire-arms
b82The white ravenRaven or other carrion-eating bird of dark color and a similar size was originally white
c5aBird-scoutsBirds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living
c6Valuables brought from the lower worldPersons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)
c6cThe diver is a birdAn aquatic bird dives and brings the desired object from the bottom
c6c3The loon is successful diverThe loon dives and brings a piece of earth (a blade of grass etc.) that is transformed into the dry land or it brings other object which everybody is eager to get (the loon is the only or the only successful diver)
c6dThe aquisition of the earth from the lower worldThe dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)
c6j1The earth is brought by the God's enemyGod sends his enemy to bring earth from the bottom of the waterbody. In the beginning, the enemy or also the god can have guise of birds. When the earth is brought up and dry land created, two persons, now always anthropomorphic, are engaged into confrontation
d1Female spirit of fireFire is personified as an (elder) woman, alone or with her husband, master of fire
d13gMeet seen on teethWhen person laughs, people see his or her monstrous mouth (many teeth, human meat on teeth). They kill the monster or escape from it
d13i1Showing his teeth, person betrays himselfPerson’s (demonic) nature becomes clear when he or she laughs and shows his or her teeth
d1bMale spirit of fireThe fire is personified as an elder man (alone or with his wife, mistress of fire)
e13Drum is a lakeThe shaman’s drum is likened with a lake
e5aaPeople grew like a grassThe first people grew or crawled out of the earth like a grass, mushrooms, worms, etc.
e5bFirst couple from the underworldFirst man (a group of brothers) or first human couple come out from the underworld (a cave) or from a small enclosure on its surface (tussock, reed, tree, rock, gourd)
e9The mysterious housekeeperPerson observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one
e9dDog-wifeMan marries a girl who initially has guise of a dog
f74Naked person shams deadWhen a person sees a dangerous enemy, he or she shams dead taking his or her clothes off, or the enemy takes off them himself. The enemy believes that it is a corpse, lets it alone
f81Bride in a riverA man mistakes his own reflection in river for a beautiful woman and makes attempts to marry her
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f97The prohibited fruit: origin of sexAfter eating certain fruit, berry, tuber, etc. people become sexually aware
f9aVagina dentataThere are teeth, blades or sharp stones in woman’s genitals, vagina is the biting mouth. (Only texts that are believed to correspond to reality are considered but not anecdotes and jokes)
f9a1The pike's mouthA woman pretends that her vagina is a mouth with teeth. (It is not suggested that women’s genitals are really dangerous)
h16aRivers of bloodRivers (lakes) of blood (also of puss, bones, sweat or water used for washing of corpses) are mentioned in narratives (in different context)
h28Plagues from the body of a person or creatureKilled and destroyed (often burned) person or creature (usually ogre, fierce animal, powerful shaman) turns into a multitude of biting insects or into other small molesting creatures
h40Dog is the guard of manDog guards (successfully or unsuccessfully) the (still unfinished) physical body of man or the entrance to paradise
h41Death and the dogDog is responsible for people being mortal or imperfect. Usually the antagonist bribes dog with a warm fur and the dog lets him spoil the half-ready human figures
h42Creator goes away for a whileAfter creating the bodies of the first people or after getting a conception how to do it the Creator goes away for a while. During his absence another person, because of his or her ignorance or intentionally, spoils the creation or makes himself or herself what the Creator would make in a better way. Usually because of this people are mortal and subject to diseases
h43aaFigure of the first man smeared with filthAfter making human body, creator goes away for a time. In his absence another person spits on the human figure that was not yet alive, smears it with filth, etc.
i101Big Dipper is poles, a nailed skinSeveral bright stars of Big Dipper or other constellation are poles which support or stretch an object like skin, shelter, etc.
i27Chthonic canineA dog is the lord, guard or guide of/to the land of the dead; or dogs live on the way to the land of the dead
i27cThe four-eyed dogDogs having spots over the eyes are called the four-eyed and believed to have special properties (e.g. to see ghosts)
i50Ungulate animal with more than four legsAn ungulate animal (a horse, an elk, a moose) with six or more legs is described or represented in art
i55Stars are openingsStars are openings in the firmament; holes in dwelling's covering are thought to be stars
i56Ghosts do not see people from earthThe alive person who is travelling between the worlds is visible for inhabitants of one world and invisible for inhabitants of another
i56aIn the land of the ghosts human being is an evil spiritWhen a man who had got to the land of spirits touches a local dweller the latter dies or becomes sick
i58Milky Way is the way of birdsMilky Way is the path of migratory birds (especially wild geese)
j17Frogs in hairInstead of lice, there are other (bigger or dangerous) creatures in the hair of some persons or he or she pretends that his or her hair is infested with them
j26Babies come out of the waterBaby heroes, embryos or objects from which they emerge are found in a river or lake or come to people out of the water
j53aTo involve in a game and to killA child suggests another to play. The one who has been invited follows the rules but the initiator does not do it and kills the other
j54The last female survivesAnimals of particular species that were enemies of the heroes are exterminated besides the only pregnant female (rare a female and a male). Thanks to this, these animals still exist
k102Woman associated with the hero conspires in favor of his enemyA woman who initially is friendly to the hero (his mother, sister, more rare his wife, sexual partner) begins to cooperate with his enemy. For this she provokes the hero to do something that is mortally dangerous for him
k103Helpful cowCow (ox, bull) helps an orphan child or a young woman who got into trouble
k12Woman is lost and returnedBy trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back
k125House utensil betrays its masterAn enemy asks house utensils or personal objects where their master hid himself or herself or what direction he or she ran away. One of the objects, not treated by the master in a proper way, betrays him or her
k176A man in search of the womanA (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k30Flying enemy abducts womanFlying person or creature abducts a woman but is ultimately killed or the woman escapes from him
k32The false wifeAn ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.
k32h2Wife eaten up by antsTo tortures his wife to death, a man ties her up at an anthill
k44bReturning after long absence, person throws food to his motherComing home after a long absence, the hero (rare: heroine) peeps into his house and sees his mother (his parents, her husband) who suffers hunger. He or she throws food inside, extinguishes the fire, pushes aside, etc. Usually those who are inside do not understand what is happening
k47bDog turns into handsome manA girl marries a handsome man whom she had first seen in guise of a dog
k52cThe flood in a dwellingA shaman, wizard or other character with magical powers demonstrates his skill. The dwelling in which he and other people are situated begins to fill with water. It is sometimes said that this water is an illusion and that the people also see animals (waterfowl, fish or marine mammals) swimming around
k52c1Penis instead of a fishA shaman, wizard or other character with magical powers demonstrates his skill. The dwelling in which he and other people are situated begins to fill with water. It is sometimes said that this water is an illusion. One of the episodes: the character tells the people to take the waterfowl or fish that have appeared with the water or they start to catch them on their own initiative; when the water disappears, the people see that they hold in their hands not those animals, but their own penises or something else
k66cThe bear takes human spouseThe bear (lion) takes a woman for sexual partner or the she-bear takes a man. They have children who look like humans or bear cubs. More rare the woman gives birth to her son in the bear den because being abducted by the bear she was pregnant
k70Two sisters-in-law: the girl and the frogOne brother marries a girl, another a frog or toad, both bring them to their parents, or one man takes two wives, a woman and a frog. Both wives have to pass a test. Values of the girl are highly assessed, the frog’s poor qualities are revealed
k72Three maidensPowerful person listens in conversation of three (rare: two or four) women. Each of them tells what she would do if the person marries her. One promises to bear his son (children) who would have wonderful qualities, two others promise to practice some kind of work or (more rare) marry people of lower status
k73Children of the youngest wifeA young woman promises to bear a wonderful children (wonderful son). In her husband's absence other people (co-wives, mother-in-law, etc.) try to kill the mother and/or the child, usually slandering the young woman
k73a8The wonderful children: brother and sisterWoman gives birth to wonderful boy and girl. Being substituted with animals or objects and thrown away, they survive and triumph over their enemies
k75The youngest daughter is willing (The loathsome bridegroom)A girl (usually the youngest of several sisters) does not reject but marries a poor, sick, dirty, old, too young, non-human, etc. man who later demonstrates his supernatural qualities
k77aSmall objects and animals defeat the ogreSmall objects and animals (rare: animals alone but including those who really are harmless) revenge on a powerful enemy making attack on him in succession (usually they hide in his or her house); the enemy is badly injured, runs away or dies
k77cOnes who hide in a house frighten dangerous enemyObjects and/or domestic animals live in a house. When dangerous enemy comes, they attack him, he dies or escapes (all texts with K77A and K77B included)
k8cJonah: swallowed by terrestrial animalPerson gets into the belly of ground animal or bird. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
k8c4Elk dies after swallowing mouseA mouse, a small bird, a porcupine or other animal (rare: person) of a small size gets inside a big ungulate (elk, deer, buffalo, tapir) to kill (and then usually to eat) him
l15cHero lies and remains unharmedDangerous person tells simple-heartedly what he is afraid of giving the hero a good opportunity to scare him
l17bTwo facesPerson or creature has another face (another mouth) on the back of his (her, its) head
l38Demon’s trapA demon puts a trap to catch people, hero gets into it
l38aA sticky trapPerson sticks to an object, usually touching it one by one with his body members. The object is a trap of demonic creature or is a non human creature itself
l41Hero escapes on the wayAn ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house
l42Hero carried to ogre’s homeAn ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes
l42fPrisoner escapes, wife is killedPerson that has to be eaten up imperceptibly runs away. The master of the house thinks that his wife had eaten the food alone and cuts her belly open
l42kOgre coughs up an axeTo cut a tree, an ogre coughs up an axe (anze)
l65cCannibal elder sisterThe eldest of three or more sisters becomes a cannibal and devours her sisters and other people
l65dYounger sister of cannibal womanWhen the elder sister becomes a cannibal, the younger one (temporarily) escapes. Cf. motifs L1B, L65C
l70Fruit falls and killsPerson or animal is killed or injured with a heavy object dropped from a tree (or rock, etc.). The person or the animal knows that the objects will fall but has falls ideas about its character and weight
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l72aComb becomes a thicketRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws a comb (a brush) that turns into mighty obstacle (usually a thicket) on the way of the pursuer. (In South America the motif is probably of European origin)
l72ePursuer goes back to take his axeThe pursuer cannot break with his hands obstacles created by heroes and must return home after the needed tools
l94Child promised to demonA demon helps a man or a woman or lets him or her free. As a reward, the person is forced to promise to give the demon his child
l94aCaught by his beardA man, stooping down to water, is caught and held by his beard, and has to give the promise in order to be relieved
m108aTrickster as an adopted childAn old couple live alone and adopt a boy (a trickster-animal) as a son. He steals their property (and runs away)
m109The tail-fisherAnimal person puts his tail (penis) down and waits in hope to get something edible. The tail (penis) is torn or cut off, the person escapes or dies
m12The unlucky hunterNot to return home empty-handed, a hunter or (rare) a fisherman cuts off a piece of flesh from his body (usually from his calf) or (more rare) extracts his blood or entrails. Usually he brings his flesh or blood to other people pretending that is a good game or fish; or a woman cuts off a piece of flesh from her calf to feed her husband
m140The theft of fishTrickster pretends to be dead, sick or weak and is picked up by those who carry something edible in a cart (sledge, boat, bag, etc.). The trickster secretly eats the food, often after throwing it out of the cart (sledge, etc.)
m16Ugly or sick one becomes healthy and handsomeA kinfolk (often his mother) or wife (bride) of a sick (ugly, old) man or boy do not care for him. He becomes healthy (and handsome), punishes and/or abandons those who were evil with him
m17Woman lies that man missedA blind man or lad kills an animal. His wife or (grand)mother lies that he has missed, cooks and eats all the meat alone
m17bWife deceives her blind husbandWife of a blind man helps him to shoot a game but lies that he missed and secretly eats meat alone
m183A race: one against manyMany animals of one species that all look identical together fulfill the task that would be impossible for any of them if he were alone; the competitors believe that the task was fulfilled by only one animal. Usually a slow and a fast animals agree to race. The slow one puts other animals of his species at the finish or along the distance, each one answering the fast one that he is ahead of him. The fast one accepts his loss
m183A race: one against manyMany animals of one species that all look identical together fulfill the task that would be impossible for any of them if he were alone; the competitors believe that the task was fulfilled by only one animal. Usually a slow and a fast animals agree to race. The slow one puts other animals of his species at the finish or along the distance, each one answering the fast one that he is ahead of him. The fast one accepts his loss
m186Race competition: a fish and an animalAn animal (fox, wolf, leopard) runs along the shore while a fish (burbot, goby) swims in the water. The animal calls him and every time hears his voice from ahead. (Usually the fish puts other fish along the distance but in the Negidal version the competition motif is absent)
m21A protector hides fugitivesThe protagonist pursued by an enemy comes across a person, an animal or an object to help him and receives help
m29aTrickster-ravenIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is raven
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m29b1The wolf is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the wolf suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29b2The bear is a failure/enemyBecause of its stupidity or unsocial behavior, the bear suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29gTrickster-hare or rabbitIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit
m29g1Hare or rabbit as the main tricksterIn most of the episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit. Not considered are traditions in which 1) trickster hare/rabbit is rare while other trickster (usually fox/jackal/coyote) typical; 2) Mesoamerican traditions in which episodes with trickster rabbit are not many and could be borrowed in post-Columbian time being of African origin
m38Stupid imitation (all versions)Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food
m38aThe bungling hostBeing on a visit to other people or (more often) animals, an (animal)-person sees them act using magic or according to their animal nature. Back at home, he imitates their actions and gets in trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and mostly refer to providing and cooking food
m38d1Neck like a hairPersons whose body parts are obviously vulnerable (head like a bladder, neck like a hair, leg like a straw, etc.) attempt to behave normal people and perish one after the other.
m39bFool attacks his own dwellingPerson does not put attention in which direction his canoe goes. As a result he returns to his own dwelling and attacks its inhabitants killing his own kin
m39b1Paddling in both directionsPersons sitting in a canoe paddle in opposite directions and the canoe does not move
m60bFalse doctor: a finished off victimThe deceiver who promised to cure a sick or wounded person or animal devours him or suggests a remedy that makes the sick one to feel ever worse
m85The fox bluffsAn animal person (usually a fox or a jackal) threatens to cut down a tree on which mother bird (squirrel) made its nest unless she will throw down one of her nestlings (squirrel children) or eggs. Another bird lets the mother bird know that the predator is unable to realize his threat
m91The killed corpsePerson pretends that a person (often his or her mother, spouse or lover) who recently died is alive, claims that the death of the false alive resulted from negligence of others and gets a reward
m91c1Herd from the river bottomPerson gets other person’s possessions by trick (or pretends to get it; usually another person is drowned instead of him) and then demonstrates his possessions (usually a herd) and explains that he had received everything at the river bottom. His enemies believe him
m91c2Put into the bagPerson is put into a bag (a cage, tied up, etc.) to be drowned, burned, etc. He pretends to be in this situation by his own will or because he refuses to marry a princess, to become a chief and the like. Another person is willing to take his place and is killed
m94Sliding downhillOne person or animal suggests another to slide downhill to kill or harm him or her
m94a1Sliding downhill: animal trickstersBeing irresponsible and light-minded, animal person slides downhill and dies or gets into trouble (falls on sharp pole, into the water, etc.)


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition: Central Yakuts (Sakha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Enets
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Tundra Nenets
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Western Tungus/Evenki: Podkamennaya Tunguska, Katanga, Nepa, Kamenka, Upper Lena
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Evens (Lamuts)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Oroch
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Kets
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Northern Khanty (Ostyaks)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tundra (Lower Kolyma) Yukaghir (Waduls)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Mansi

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Evens (Lamuts)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Northwestern Yakuts (Sakha): Yessey, Anabar, Olenyok and Lower Lena Basins
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tundra (Lower Kolyma) Yukaghir (Waduls)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Ilimpii Tungus/Evenki
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Baikal RegionTungus/Evenki
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Chuvans, Russian-speaking Creols of Markovo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Northeastern Yakuts (Sakha): Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma Basins
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Eastern Khanty (Ostyaks)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Central Yakuts (Sakha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Buryats: Western (Cis-Baikal)