Baikal RegionTungus/Evenki



Tradition title rus: 
Байкальские эвенки: токминско-верхнеленские, непские (киренские), северобайкальские, баунтовские (Баунт – озеро в северном Забайкалье), каларские (самый северный район Забайкальского края), баргузинские, витимо-нерчинские, витимо-олекминские (вкл талочских), тунгиро-олекминские, верхнеалданско-зейские
Areal ID: 
9.3.2.3
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
203.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
88.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a32ePerson with an object in handsPerson who holds some object in his or her hands is seen in the moon (rare: in the sun)
a32fWater-carrier in the MoonPerson who went to fetch water and/or holds in hands a container for liquid is seen in the moon
a32hThe Moon plantA tree or bush is seen in the moon
a4Female sunThe Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b112Bird helps to return property and is decoratedPerson suggests to do some work (usually to ferry people's property across river) but carries away the property that he was entrusted to control, A woodpecker or tit helps to return the property. The owner decorates the bird, thence the color of its plumage
b12Rivers and snakesThe river bed follows the way of a snake, fish, dragon or crab; pieces of the snake’s body turn into rivers; a river is a snake
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b41The talking dogBecause the dog was spreading some information, altercated with its masters, was talking in a wrong time, etc. it lost the ability to speak
b42Cosmic huntCertain stars or constellations are interpreted as hunters, their dogs and game that the hunters pursue
b42bSky hunters pursue an ungulateIn the cosmic hunt tale the game pursued by the hunters is an ungulate (elk, deer, mountain sheep, etc.)
b42fUrsa major is an ungulateUrsa major (seven stars or only four stars of a dipper) is identified with an ungulate (elk, deer, mountain sheep, etc.)
b42lAnimal is the dipper, hunters are the handleStars of the handle of the Big Dipper are identified with the hunters, the dipper itself with the game (bear or elk) or a neat-barn ravaged by bear
b42mnOne hunter chases the sky elkIn the cosmic hunt tale only one hunter (not many) pursues an animal (elk or bear) associated with a circumpolar constellation but not with Orion or the Pleiades. (In Kalevalaic tradition the association with particular sideral objects is absent
b43aPerson created from many objectsA person or creature is created from several different materials or objects or from material brought from different places
b46Big Dipper is seven menEvery one of the seven main stars of the Ursa mayor is a an adult man
b46cBig Dipper is seven persons or animalsEvery main star of the Big Dipper is interpreted as a particular person or animal
b48aOther creatures’ fleshParticular pieces of flesh or inner organs in the bodies of animals, birds, or fish originally belonged to other creatures
b68The giant grouseHazel-grouse was big and dangerous. He is torn to pieces which are shared between other birds and animals. What remains is the present grouse
b68bOne who tried to scare the God(Animal) person who tried to scare the God (people) with his/its, behavior, strange look or sudden appearance is punished being transformed into an animal (of different characteristics than it was before)
b69Chipmunk's back scratched: hence his stripesTo thank or to punish a small mammal like chipmunk or (ground) squirrel, animal or person scratches or paints it producing stripes on its back
b70Ears of the harePerson beats hares, foxes or other medium size animals who became helpless (usually closed in his house). Tale explains why tips of the animals' ears or tails have a particular color
b74The red-eyed wood-grouseEyes of wood-grouse became red because it shed tears
b75aSounds of the time of creation: voice of a personVoice of a person who lived in the bygone times is still heard (most often it is an echo)
b81Rifle for the dogCreator and his opponent ponder upon should the dog be able to use a bow or fire-arms
c19Acquisition of the sunThe Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)
c2Deluge and conflagration combinedInhabitans of the Middle World are (partly) destroyed (or will be destoyed) once by fire or draught, another time by a flood or the world is destroyed with a flood of fire or boiling water
c26Guardian at the border of the non-human worldMonsters or ghosts try to invade our world. Powerful person or creature is on guard and prevents the invasion
c6Valuables brought from the lower worldPersons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)
c6aThe diver is turtle or frogA turtle or a frog (toad) brings the desired object from the bottom of the water body or from the lower world
c6cThe diver is a birdAn aquatic bird dives and brings the desired object from the bottom
c6c4The duck is successful diverThe duck (or an aquatic bird similar to the duck) dives and brings a piece of earth that is transformed into the dry land (it is the only or the only successful diver)
c6dThe aquisition of the earth from the lower worldThe dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)
c6jThe acquiring of the earth linked to the creation of manThe acquiring of the earth from the sea bottom or from the lower world, the creation of humans and attempt to spoil it are successive episodes of the same narrative
d1Female spirit of fireFire is personified as an (elder) woman, alone or with her husband, master of fire
d1Female spirit of fireFire is personified as an (elder) woman, alone or with her husband, master of fire
d13iBroken toothPerson knows that the deceiver and trickster has one of his teeth broken. To identify him, person makes others laugh and thus open their mouths
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
d9Fire and vultureRaven or other big dark-feathered bird scavenger is the owner, personification, spouse, obtainer or stealer of fire, daylight, or the Sun
e35Webbed fingersFirst people or people made by Creator's rival were imperfect, not completely anthropomorphic (often: had webbed fingers)
e36Hard covering of the bodyHuman body was or could be protected with a hard layer (rare: with hair) but it has been preserved only on fingers and toes (on the head)
e9i1Swan-wifeA man marries supernatural woman who is a swan
f35aFeeding with the kin’s meatPerson does not know that he or she eats or cooks the meat of the member of his or her household (blood relation, more rare a spouse or servant) or serves it to his or her friends, or uses her or his bones for everyday needs, or slowly kills him ort her
f64The lecherous parentPerson changes his or (rare) her guise to marry his or her close relative in descending or (rare) ascending line
f86Conditional signalPerson summons with a certain signal a non-human being (usually his or her sexual partner or his or her protégé). Another person spies, uses the same signal or pronounces the same words and kills the being who comes to him (or uses this being sexually himself)
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
g29Demon made of artifactsDemonic person turns into or consists of different household objects or tools (and into elements of a landscape)
g6Primeval treeOne of the trees is the principal, original one (emerged before all the other; ancestor of wild or cultivated plants; ocean or rivers inside it; world axis; higher than all the others; overshadows sky)
h16aRivers of bloodRivers (lakes) of blood (also of puss, bones, sweat or water used for washing of corpses) are mentioned in narratives (in different context)
h18Hoarded game releasedGame animals were concentrated in one single place. Certain person lets them disperse in the world
h36ffDeath and the ravenRaven is responsible for introduction of permanent death
h40Dog is the guard of manDog guards (successfully or unsuccessfully) the (still unfinished) physical body of man or the entrance to paradise
h41Death and the dogDog is responsible for people being mortal or imperfect. Usually the antagonist bribes dog with a warm fur and the dog lets him spoil the half-ready human figures
h42Creator goes away for a whileAfter creating the bodies of the first people or after getting a conception how to do it the Creator goes away for a while. During his absence another person, because of his or her ignorance or intentionally, spoils the creation or makes himself or herself what the Creator would make in a better way. Usually because of this people are mortal and subject to diseases
h43aaFigure of the first man smeared with filthAfter making human body, creator goes away for a time. In his absence another person spits on the human figure that was not yet alive, smears it with filth, etc.
h48Daughters of evil spiritDiseases are sisters (rare: brothers), usually children of evil spirit
h6cThe immortal ravenRaven is associated with death or contrasted with people as an immortal with mortals (is sent to the medicine of immortality; drinks itself water of immortality; gives instructions concerning funeral rites; etc.)
h6c1Valuables in exchange for the nestlingTo obtain a desired object, person catches a child or spouse of an animal person (bird, snake, crab) and promises to release it as soon as its parent (spouse)) brings the object
i1The thunderbirdsCreatures that produce rain and/or thunderstorms are birds or anthropomorphic beings with wings; or (rare) some or all birds are connected with thunder, lightning or rain though Thunder is not a bird
i11Cosmic turtle or toadA turtle, toad, or frog supports the earth (sky) or is its embodiment
i117Spider ferries from one world to anotherSpider person raises the hero to the sky, helps him or her to return back to earth or otherwise helps to overcome the borderlines between worlds
i12The world axisA tree or post pierces and unites different layers of the universe
i127Ursa major is a bedUrsa major is a bed, a cot, a bedstead
i13aThe horned serpentGiant water-chthonic or sky serpent or dragon has horns or antlers on its head
i22Objects in permanent movementThere are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)
i22aRising and falling skyThe sky is constantly moving up and down in respect to earth
i22cA plank from the stern of ArgoPerson succeeds in getting through the opening which is going to bang shut but the stern of his boat, the tail of an animal or a bird, the body of his horse, or his own heel is flatterned, torn off, etc.
i22gClapping rocksThere are mountains or rocks which permanently collide and separate again from each other or a crack (jaws) in a vertical cliff which is opening and closing
i29Animal’s hole leads to the underworldPerson follows an animala through its hole or digs a hole himself and gets into the lower world where the animals who dig holes live
i32Tree of the babiesThere is (or was) a tree on which souls of still unborn babies grow, which leaves transform into people, or which trunk is covered with female breasts or flowers that innumerable babies are sucking
i46Rainbow beltRainbow is the ornamented part of the clothes, its decoration, a belt
i50aTorn off legs of the helpful animalDemon tears off or devours one by one legs of aт animal who helps the hero, usually of his riding horse
i51bThe earth is an animalThe earth or the sky are identified with a big quadruped mammal or are made of parts of its body
i56Ghosts do not see people from earthThe alive person who is travelling between the worlds is visible for inhabitants of one world and invisible for inhabitants of another
i56aIn the land of the ghosts human being is an evil spiritWhen a man who had got to the land of spirits touches a local dweller the latter dies or becomes sick
i78The square earthThe earth is square, the sky is usually round
i82hVenus’ name is ČolpanThe name of the Venus is like Čolpan, Čolbon, Tsulmon, etc.
i84Milky Way is a snow-shoes trackMilky Way is a path of a person who was walking on snow-shoes
i84Milky Way is a snow-shoes trackMilky Way is a path of a person who was walking on snow-shoes
i85a1Polaris is the hole in the skyPolaris is the opening though which one can get into the upper world
i8e1Four supports of the worldThe sky or the earth rests upon four or five (cardinal points and the center) supports of any kind (poles, mountains, giants)
j13Two sistersTwo sisters (if more, only two play a significant role in the plot) travel and meet an unpleasant suitor or get to an ogre
j23A late son kills monstersPeople (elder brothers, elder siblings, elder sister) disappear (one by one). A lonely woman has a baby or finds a baby or she becomes pregnant magically and gives birth to a boy or twins. The boy grows up, exterminates the antagonists, usually revives and releases those who had disappeared
j23cYoungest brother kills monstersPeople (elder brothers, elder siblings, elder sister) disappear (one by one). A lonely woman has a baby or finds a baby or she becomes pregnant magically and gives birth to a boy. The boy grows up, exterminates the antagonists, usually revives and releases those who had disappeared
j25Babies escape and returnHeroes (usually one or two), being still babies or embryos, escape or are thrown away, often into the water. To bring them back into the human world, they are lured (persuaded) to come out or caught with difficulty
j27bThe water fatherBesides his parents on earth, the baby who had been thrown into a river or lake and comes from time to time to the shore has another father (and mother) under the water. He does not want to be separated from them or they do not want let him go
j28aTruth about fatherHero asks how one of his parents died and receives a series of false answers. Usually he successively exposes himself to the same dangers, survives and thus demonstrates that truth is still concealed from him
j44The broken bridgePerson or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice
j45The stretched out leg (crane bridge)Person stretches his or her leg or neck as a bridge across water body. The fugitives or those who walk ahead cross the bridge; the persecutor or those who are behind usually fall because the person takes his bridge off
j46Enemy drownsAntagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body
j54The last female survivesAnimals of particular species that were enemies of the heroes are exterminated besides the only pregnant female (rare a female and a male). Thanks to this, these animals still exist
k102Woman associated with the hero conspires in favor of his enemyA woman who initially is friendly to the hero (his mother, sister, more rare his wife, sexual partner) begins to cooperate with his enemy. For this she provokes the hero to do something that is mortally dangerous for him
k108A revived wife betrays her husbandWife dies, husband revives her, she abandons him for another man and is punished
k110Reflection of golden swordPerson must get a treasure from the bottom of water body. He understands that what he sees is a reflection in water while the treasure is high in a tree
k112Farm-hand revenges on the SunA poor man condemns the Sun and other supernatural personages responsible for weather, wild animals, etc. that because of them he lost his property. He finds them and punishes them
k12Woman is lost and returnedBy trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back
k126Wolf pays for the eaten up horseA wolf (lion, etc.) or a demon eats up hero's horse but gives him a fair compensation (usually provides a wife)
k15bSubstituted barrel of waterBecause containers with alive and dead water (one makes one stronger, another weaker) are imperceptibly exchanged, during the battle the hero drinks the alive water and overcomes his enemy who drinks the dead water
k15bSubstituted barrel of waterBecause containers with alive and dead water (one makes one stronger, another weaker) are imperceptibly exchanged, during the battle the hero drinks the alive water and overcomes his enemy who drinks the dead water
k176A man in search of the womanA (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
k177The travelling heroineA girl or young woman sets off to find or return her fience or her husband or she escapes from a fanger and ultimately marries happily
k1fConflict because of a womanA man maroons another because of jealousy or because he plans to take hold of his wife
k2The destroyed ladderHero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)
k24Stolen clothes of supernatural womanWomen (rare: men) who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons; rare: a girl of higher social status than the hero) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a person hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him (rare: her)
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k25a1Magic wife finds her clothesMagic wife abandons her mortal husband when she finds her clothes (often, her feathers if she is a bird-woman), makes herself the new clothes, receives them from her kin or her husband gives her her clothing believing that she will not abandon him. (Versions with magic wife abandoning her husband because she feels herself offended is not alternative to the “found clothes but in most of the texts these motifs are not combined)
k25a5Two brothers and the swan-maidensThe elder brother is a hunter, the younger brother (rare: sister) stays at home. When the elder gets to know that the bird-maidens visit the younger, he instructs him what he should do to catch one of the girls. The elder brother marries her but she finds her feathered clothes and flies away (in many versions the younger brother is a simpleton and tells his sister-in-law where her clothes are hidden). The elder brother goes away in search of his lost wife
k25a7Two brothers and the winged maidenThe elder brother is a hunter, the younger one is a housekeeper. When the elder brother gets to catch the winged maiden, the younger foolishly gives her winged back and she flies away. The elder brother sets off to return his wife
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27r1The burnt person proves to be unharmedThe antagonist believes that the hero was burned but returned from the other world alive and prosperous therefore he asks burn him (her) or his representatives
k28Father or uncle is rival and enemyMaternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him
k29aSurviving in a fireHero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation
k2aHero marooned in the underworldHero is sent to the lower world though a well, precipice, etc. After he obtains valuables (young women), his envious companions cut the rope to get rid of him but he succeeds in returning back
k30Flying enemy abducts womanFlying person or creature abducts a woman but is ultimately killed or the woman escapes from him
k32The false wifeAn ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.
k32gPunishment: torn apart by horsesTo punish an antagonist, he or she is tied to a horse (camel, bull) and dragged or he or she is torn apart (usually by horses)
k33hThe cat, the dog and the magic objectA man obtains an object that fulfills his wishes. The object is stolen but brought back by the animals (which had been saved by the man before)
k37Recognition-testTo return or to get his or her son, wife, husband, domestic animal or (rare) object, person must recognize her, him or it among several identical persons, animals or objects
k38cBird brings the hero to his destinationAfter the hero helps a powerful bird (usually does good to her nestlings), the grateful bird brings him to the place where he is eager to get or tells to do it one of her nestlings. (It is not the vertical movement between layers of the world. According to the Sumerian variant, the bird endows the hero with capability to move with extraordinary speed and directs him to his destination)
k38fThe dragon-slayerA reptile monster demands humans (usually virgins) as a sacrifice or abducts a girl or closes sources of water. Hero kills him. Monster’s victims do not play an active part in the plot
k39Man feeds his own flesh to a creature who helps himPerson has to feed powerful creature (usually a giant bird) giving it regularly pieces of meat. When meat supply is exhausted, he cuts off a piece of his own flesh
k52c1Penis instead of a fishA shaman, wizard or other character with magical powers demonstrates his skill. The dwelling in which he and other people are situated begins to fill with water. It is sometimes said that this water is an illusion. One of the episodes: the character tells the people to take the waterfowl or fish that have appeared with the water or they start to catch them on their own initiative; when the water disappears, the people see that they hold in their hands not those animals, but their own penises or something else
k56a3Not to fix laces on clothes and shoesThough laces on her clothes or shoes get loose, a girl on her way to the powerful persons or back should not tie them up
k60aHow strong are these bonds?Person lets be firmly tied up when another one say that it's only a joke (e.g. a test to see can the first one break bonds)
k60bInvitation to coffinPerson is lured into a trap being invited to lie in a box or a hole to measure it. Being unable to liberate himself from the box etc., the person remains in power of his enemies
k62aQuarrel of mouse and birdA mouse (rat, mole, etc.) and a small bird quarrel because they cannot divide supplies for the winter. (Usually this episode initiates the story about the war between animals and birds)
k62a1A man cures the wounded eagleA man saves (spares) a wounded bird. When the bird becomes strong again, it carries the man to a distant land (to the sky)
k66Extraordinary companionsSeveral companions have extraordinary abilities (one who runs fast, one who eats great quantities, one who produces or can withstand severe frost, etc.); a hero comes across and takes for companions several men, each of them being involved into a special and unusual activity
k70Two sisters-in-law: the girl and the frogOne brother marries a girl, another a frog or toad, both bring them to their parents, or one man takes two wives, a woman and a frog. Both wives have to pass a test. Values of the girl are highly assessed, the frog’s poor qualities are revealed
k72Three maidensPowerful person listens in conversation of three (rare: two or four) women. Each of them tells what she would do if the person marries her. One promises to bear his son (children) who would have wonderful qualities, two others promise to practice some kind of work or (more rare) marry people of lower status
k73Children of the youngest wifeA young woman promises to bear a wonderful children (wonderful son). In her husband's absence other people (co-wives, mother-in-law, etc.) try to kill the mother and/or the child, usually slandering the young woman
k73aBaby child substituted with object or animalHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with an animal or an object (inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to an animal or an object)
k73a4Baby child substituted with a pupHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with a pup (inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to a pup)
k74Hero, his companions and a dwarfThe hero and his companion or companions live together. Every morning one stays at home while another or others go to hunt, etc. A demonic person comes, eats up all the food and beats the cook. Or the man who remained at home comes to the demon himself in search of fire and is maltreated by him. The hero kills or neutralizes the demon
k74aOnly the hero gets to overcome the demon whose track he then follows Every time a demon commits an outrage upon one of the men who remains at home. When it is the hero’s turn, he overcomes the demon and follows his track to his world
k79Snake serves an example of resuscitation Person in a desperate situation gets to see how a snake or other small animal uses remedy to revive or to cure itself or other animals. The person uses the remedy, succeeds
k81The handless girlFor minor offence or because of false accusation a young girl or woman is maimed and expelled from home (rare: killed or she kills herself). The maimed person magically obtains her body integrity (the dead revives)
k89A girl and a witch: presents of kinsfolkA girl and her rival (a witch, a frog) marry two brothers. Both daughters-in-law have to bring presents from their kinsfolk. The girl finds her brother, brothers or sister who were lost or died in the beginning of the tale and they give her valuables. Presents brought by the rival are worthless
k89aIn search of the place to abandon the sisterA girl with her maimed sister or brother escapes from a danger. The sister (brother) rejects some places where the girl wants to abandon her or him but agrees with her last suggestion
l100Transformation flightA youth and a girl who run away from pursuer transform themselves into a pair of persons, creatures or objects (pond and duck, church and priest, etc.) in order to escape detection by the pursuer
l103Obstacle flight (Atalanta type)Treasure, or the like, is thrown back to tempt pursuer to delay
l126The bird indifferent to painA small bird makes a powerful anthropomorphic person lose his temper. The bird cannot be annihilated, cries from inside person's stomach, the person suffers or dies
l15dThe external soulLife of a person or creature is preserved outside of his (her, its) body. Person or creature dies after the corresponding object is destroyed
l17Face on breastThere is a headless anthropomorphic being who has eyes and/or mouth on his or her breast
l19bBeings with odd number of headsBeing (any besides birds) with more than ten heads or with odd (but more than one) number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. If beings with ever more number of heads are named, the row ends with a being that has odd (or more than ten) number of heads
l27Girl eaten upTwo girls or young women meet a demon. One or both are not aware of danger. One is eaten up, another escapes
l38Demon’s trapA demon puts a trap to catch people, hero gets into it
l38aA sticky trapPerson sticks to an object, usually touching it one by one with his body members. The object is a trap of demonic creature or is a non human creature itself
l41Hero escapes on the wayAn ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house
l41aStone in basketHero escapes from the demon's basket or bag letting stone (a piece of wood, some sand) instead of him
l42Hero carried to ogre’s homeAn ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes
l42bCredulous children of the ogreAn ogre's child or (rare) wife believes in what hero tells him (or her) and releases him. Usually the hero kills the child and puts its meat to cook in the very pot where the ogre planned to cook the hero
l42dOgre’s tongue frozen to icePerson escapes from an ogre, runs over frozen water body and spills some blood on ice. The ogre rushes to lick the blood, his tongue freezes to ice. Or the ogre slips on ice, falls, is badly hurt, dies
l42eCaught againAn ogre catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way. The ogre comes back, this time carries the person to his home. Or the ogre catches a group of children, most of them escape on the way, one is brought to the ogre's place
l42fPrisoner escapes, wife is killedPerson that has to be eaten up imperceptibly runs away. The master of the house thinks that his wife had eaten the food alone and cuts her belly open
l56Fire in monster’s bellyA monster or a big animal dies when fire is kindled in its belly
l5fHelpful skullA bodiless head, face, or skull is a woman's husband, suitor or son. He is not dangerous but a good provider, saves people from hunger, etc.
l5hPerson stuck in an opening, head is torn offTwo sisters or two brothers get into demon's house. One crawls out through a tiny opening, another sticks there. Brother or sister pulls him or her by the head but tears it off
l60Picked up baby-demonTwo or more sisters pick up a baby boy. In their absence he turns into adult man but when they come back they find him again in guise of a baby lying in its cradle
l65Demonic babyA baby or small child proves to be a demon, devours or injures people
l65b3The escape on the treePersons climbs a tree and thanks to this escapes from a demon (who usually tries to fell the tree)
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l72aComb becomes a thicketRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws a comb (a brush) that turns into mighty obstacle (usually a thicket) on the way of the pursuer. (In South America the motif is probably of European origin)
l72bWhetstone becomes a mountainRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws objects that turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer. One of the thrown objects is a whetstone which turns into a mountain
l73cA towel opens or blocks the passWaving a piece of cloth (throwing it on the ground, putting on water, etc.) person creates obstacles (on the way of the pursuer) or a means to overcome them (bridge, dry path between waters, etc.)
l85One-sided peopleOne-sided people have one leg and/or also one arm, one half of a head, etc. The second leg is not cut or burned off, preserved as a stump but is absent completely
l94Child promised to demonA demon helps a man or a woman or lets him or her free. As a reward, the person is forced to promise to give the demon his child
l94bGive me what you do not know at home!Person promises to give (sacrifice) to a supernatural the being that will be the first to come to him when he will return home (or something that he has never seen in his house, or an object that he will first see behind the door; etc.). The person thinks that it will be something insignificant but it is his own child
l95Coming back to pick up toysPerson (usually a kid or lad) returns to the former place to pick up the forgotten object (often a toy) and is caught there by a demonic being
m100Sleep at the edge of a cliffAnimal persons lie to sleep at the edge of a bluff or cliff. At night one of them tells another (others) to move a little, the companion (companions) falls down and dies
m108Trickster carries away people's propertyPerson suggests to do some work (usually to ferry people's property across river) but carries away the property that he was entrusted to control
m108Trickster carries away people's propertyPerson suggests to do some work (usually to ferry people's property across river) but carries away the property that he was entrusted to control
m108aTrickster as an adopted childAn old couple live alone and adopt a boy (a trickster-animal) as a son. He steals their property (and runs away)
m109The tail-fisherAnimal person puts his tail (penis) down and waits in hope to get something edible. The tail (penis) is torn or cut off, the person escapes or dies
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m123cUnlucky flight with migratory birdsA bird-person who usually does not fly away in the autumn makes attempt to fly with migratory birds but is unable to reach destination
m133Wind saves situationCumulative tale: a small bird cuts itself with a sharp blade of grass or a thorn and asks the others to punish the plant. Everyone finds an excuse why they cannot do anything (sheep, wolves, boys, etc.). The last one is the wind, it blows making all other persons act
m150The deceitful herdsman`An animal person becomes a herdsman but eats the entrusted animals up
m183A race: one against manyMany animals of one species that all look identical together fulfill the task that would be impossible for any of them if he were alone; the competitors believe that the task was fulfilled by only one animal. Usually a slow and a fast animals agree to race. The slow one puts other animals of his species at the finish or along the distance, each one answering the fast one that he is ahead of him. The fast one accepts his loss
m186Race competition: a fish and an animalAn animal (fox, wolf, leopard) runs along the shore while a fish (burbot, goby) swims in the water. The animal calls him and every time hears his voice from ahead. (Usually the fish puts other fish along the distance but in the Negidal version the competition motif is absent)
m21A protector hides fugitivesThe protagonist pursued by an enemy comes across a person, an animal or an object to help him and receives help
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m29b1The wolf is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the wolf suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29b2The bear is a failure/enemyBecause of its stupidity or unsocial behavior, the bear suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29b3The fox (jackal, coyote) is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the fox, jackal or coyote suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m39aFool takes off boots from animals’ legsTwo or three brothers live together (with their mother). One of them makes stupid actions like (all or some of them): lets free animals that got into a snare but kills his mother; cuts off the legs of domestic animals or flays them; thinks that a certain place on a head of a baby is a tumor, sucks baby's brains out; cuts a cloth into pieces and ties them to reeds of to branches of a tree; hearing a murmur of water throws food into the water; tries to build a hut not on a river bank but in the river
m39a4iFontanelle of a babyFool sees fontanelle on a baby’s head, takes it for abscess and squeezes off. The baby becomes silent, the fool thinks that he fell asleep
m40The distorted instructionsPerson is sent to receive something of relatively low value. He asks to give him quite different object (to provide a service) and asks one who had sent him to confirm the demand. Usually a person or animal comes to a wife or a son of a powerful one and tells her or him that her (his) husband or father tells to give him food, to make love to him, to marry him, etc.
m45aOld man and animalsA man falls asleep or pretends to be sleeping or dead. Animals take him for dead: mourn, carry to bury, are going to eat up, etc. The man kills a lot of animals or obtain valuables otherwise
m60bFalse doctor: a finished off victimThe deceiver who promised to cure a sick or wounded person or animal devours him or suggests a remedy that makes the sick one to feel ever worse
m74aStrange names of the babiesAn animal person pretends to be invited to be godfather or he gives names to different places along which he travels in a sledge, boat, etc. The names look strange but become understandable when other people or animals get to know that their companion has devoured all the supplies
m74abFox in a boatTravelling in a boat or on a sledge, animal person (always the fox) steals food supplies or ruins objects and accordingly to his deeds, names different places. These names seem strange to the person’s companions (“River of broken arrows” and the like)
m85The fox bluffsAn animal person (usually a fox or a jackal) threatens to cut down a tree on which mother bird (squirrel) made its nest unless she will throw down one of her nestlings (squirrel children) or eggs. Another bird lets the mother bird know that the predator is unable to realize his threat
m91The killed corpsePerson pretends that a person (often his or her mother, spouse or lover) who recently died is alive, claims that the death of the false alive resulted from negligence of others and gets a reward
m91c2Put into the bagPerson is put into a bag (a cage, tied up, etc.) to be drowned, burned, etc. He pretends to be in this situation by his own will or because he refuses to marry a princess, to become a chief and the like. Another person is willing to take his place and is killed
m91dThe drowned shamanPerson deceives the other (giving out a corpse for alive person, accusing incent people of murder, etc.). When a shaman (almost) gets to know the truth, the trickster kills her or him and gets to avoid any punishment
m94Sliding downhillOne person or animal suggests another to slide downhill to kill or harm him or her
m94a1Sliding downhill: animal trickstersBeing irresponsible and light-minded, animal person slides downhill and dies or gets into trouble (falls on sharp pole, into the water, etc.)
n5They recognize winter by rime, summer by rainLong trips, campaigns, flights or battles are described using cliché which contain expressions like “they get to know that it is winter seeing rime, that it is summer, seeing rain” and the like


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition: Western Tungus/Evenki: Podkamennaya Tunguska, Katanga, Nepa, Kamenka, Upper Lena
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tungus.Evenki) of Russian Far East
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Khakas
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Evens (Lamuts)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Nivkh
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Buryats: Western (Cis-Baikal)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tundra Nenets
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Southern Altai: Altai proper (Altai-Kiji), Telengit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Central Yakuts (Sakha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Forest (Upper Kolyma) Yukaghir (Oduls)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Northeastern Yakuts (Sakha): Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma Basins
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Central Yakuts (Sakha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Nanai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Buryats: Western (Cis-Baikal)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tungus.Evenki) of Russian Far East
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Sym Tungus/Evenki
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Udeghe
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Enets
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Evens (Lamuts)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Oroch