Zuni



Tradition title rus: 
Зуньи
Areal ID: 
12.8.1.2
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
130.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
72.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a17The Sun’s relax at the middayAfter passing half of the its way across the sky (in the day time) or in the underworld (in the night time), the Sun stops to have a rest
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
b28bPacification of thingsHero comes to a country where inhabitants are afraid of objects or plants who attack them. He easily overcomes these objects and transforms them in what they are now
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b2dMarriage of the sky and the earthThe male Sky (the Sun, the Thunder, the creator of the sky) marries the female Earth (or its female creator) or the female Sky marries the male Earth
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b41The talking dogBecause the dog was spreading some information, altercated with its masters, was talking in a wrong time, etc. it lost the ability to speak
b41aAnimal reveals master’s secretsThe dog or other domestic animal speaks aloud about those details of its masters' life that they would prefer to conceal. He is punished by depriving his ability to speak
b42pUrsa major is a bearUrsa major is identified with a bear
b42tUrsa major is a big mammalSeven main stars of Ursa major are interpreted as a figure of a mammal: bear, deer, mountain sheep, camel, dog
b5aTwo creators: a dialogueIn the beginning of time, a male and a female persons meet each other and become engaged into the dialogue
b5bThe universal motherWoman (alone or with her companion) gives birth to or creates not only people but also different creatures and objects
b77Primeval sky close to earthOriginally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up
c13The objects’ revoltDuring or before the world cataclysm (deluge, darkness) or (Suruí) in particular place at night, household objects and/or stones, trees, domestic animals turn into wild beasts and monsters
c14Monsters destroy peopleDuring or before the world catastrophe (deluge, darkness) wild beasts and monsters attack and destroy people
c9Warning about the coming floodGod, animal, some person warns one of the people about the catastrophy (usuallly the flood) that will become soon and in which most of the people must perish
e13aSacred knowledge from under the waterSacred knowledge, objects and rituals are initially obtained from the denizens of the underwater world
e35Webbed fingersFirst people or people made by Creator's rival were imperfect, not completely anthropomorphic (often: had webbed fingers)
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
f10Vaginal teeth knocked outWoman has another toothed mouth (usually in vagina) or biting animals in vagina. Man inserts there a stone, bone, stick, etc. breaking or knocking out the teeth or extracting from there dangerous animals
f20A strong embraceMan and woman embrace each other forever or for a long time
f22Study of partner’s bodyPerson asks another person of the opposite sex about destination or place of her or his genitals. Usually it is made after putting questions about function of other body parts; or person tries to use for sex different parts of the partner's body or tests them before reaching the best place where the genitals should be put
f27Girls and the water spiritsFor girls and young women it is dangerous to come near water. Water creatures swallow them or drag away; a girl can die or become pregnant from a spirit; she can trigger a flood (rare: other cataclysm). Water spirits can come themselves to a girl who has her periods
f35aFeeding with the kin’s meatPerson does not know that he or she eats or cooks the meat of the member of his or her household (blood relation, more rare a spouse or servant) or serves it to his or her friends, or uses her or his bones for everyday needs, or slowly kills him ort her
f45bConception from the SunA woman gives birth to a son after being impregnated by the sun(shine) or sun(beam)
f70bRevenge of a rejected womanA woman revenges on a man who rejected her love but necessary not pretends to be an object of sexual harassment from his part
f88Odor of womenInitially women's genitals were fragrant or had no smell. Because of a bad chance they acquire unpleasant odor or do not acquire fragrant odor
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f94Rival wives in the skyA man gets to the sky where he has a choice to marry one of two women, one of them being connected with life and another with death
f9aVagina dentataThere are teeth, blades or sharp stones in woman’s genitals, vagina is the biting mouth. (Only texts that are believed to correspond to reality are considered but not anecdotes and jokes)
g15Plant maidensIn the other world or in the time of the ancestors food products or materials used by people looked as persons
g2The return of PersephonePerson who is the incarnation of fertility and life first disappears and then (reriodically) returns
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h12cOrpheus: to return the dead wifeHusband follows his dead wife to the other world but is unable to bring her back or succeeds to do it but loses her once again
h14Woman flies back to the land of the deadA dead woman returns to earth but flies back as a bird or a fly
h18Hoarded game releasedGame animals were concentrated in one single place. Certain person lets them disperse in the world
i104Stars are fragmentsStars are fragments of a bigger luminary (usually the Moon); or stars, the sun and the moon are formed from one and the same primeval person or creature
i117aBat helps to descend from a rockBat(-woman) helps the hero to descend from a high rock
i118Helpful spider-womanSpider-woman (rare: spider-man) is a patron of the hero who lives in her house and marries her daughter
i133Whole-sky constellationSideral objects in different parts of the sky are identified with one and the same humanoid figure (parts of its body, decoratioons, etc.).
i13aThe horned serpentGiant water-chthonic or sky serpent or dragon has horns or antlers on its head
i14No-anus peoplePerson or creature has no anus opening
i15No-mouth peopleAnthropomorphic beings have no mouths
i17Body anomalies of inhabitants of a distant landBeings without mouth, anus, genitals, whose women do not know how to give birth live in the underworld, in the sky, or in a far-away land
i17aDwarfs without body openingsBeings without anus or mouth are dwarfs
i19People inhale the odor of foodAnthropomorphic beings satisfy their hunger cooking food and inhaling the odor
i20The undeground dwarfsRace of dwarfs lives under the ground (deep under the earth or in hills and rocks) or at the horizon where the earth and the sky meet
i20cDwarfs live in the underworldDwarfs live in the underworld that somewhat reminds the world of humans. If the dwarfs and the humans meet, it is deep under the earther
i3Weapon of ThunderThe lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being
i39Rainbow road or bridgeRainbow is a road, a bridge or a ladder
i40Rainbow bowRainbow is a bow
i41Rainbow serpentRainbow is a reptile (usually a snake) or (more rare) a fish, or it is related to snake, to its tongue, breath, or to scorpion's tail
i45bNot to point at the rainbowIt to point at the rainbow, pointing finger or entire arm will rot, wither or become crooked
i46Rainbow beltRainbow is the ornamented part of the clothes, its decoration, a belt
i6Weather birdsA man meets a giant bird that brings with it clouds, rain, hail, thunderstorm, etc.
i66Ashes on Milky WayMilky Way is ashes or smoldering coals
i6aMale and female birds: different kinds of precipitationThe male and the female birds bring with them different kinds of precipitations (e.g. the male comes with a hail, the female with a rain). Or (Buryats of Mongolia) one and the same bird brings different kinds of precipitations depending on is it angry or not.
i7The cloud serpentA flying reptile produces rain, thunderstorm
i72Stars are peopleStars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)
i75World agesBefore present world, several (two or more) other worlds or races of people existed
i82aVenus is maleMorning and/or Evening Star is a male personage
i83The sky of birdsBirds, first of all vultures and eagles, live in the sky, usually at one or more layers of the upper world
i8e1Four supports of the worldThe sky or the earth rests upon four or five (cardinal points and the center) supports of any kind (poles, mountains, giants)
i9Colors of the cardinal directionsFour cardinal directions and/or some objects associated with them are associated with different colors
i9aZenith and nadirThe zenith and/or nadir are described together with four cardinal directions as the fifth (and the sixth) ones
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j18Woman falls from the skyA woman who is pregnant or has a small child falls from the sky. She or a daughter born by her dies but her (grand)son is grown up
j30Parents’ remainsBefore the hero destroys the antagonists or escapes from them, he finds or receives the remains or possessions that belonged to the antagonists' victim
j33The dummyA youth or two siblings live in a house of an old man or woman. To produce a reaction from this older person, they kill a person or animal and stuff its skin with insects, worms, ashes, grass or blow it up
j34Frightened grandmotherAfter killing their enemy, heroes have fun frightening their (grand)mother or father with its dummy
j4aRevenge for the death of the motherA woman is murdered. Her son or children (rare: grandchildren, nephews) revenge for her death
j50An attempt to revive the victimTwin heroes' parent dies or is killed, an attempt to revive him or her fails
j51One piece is missingPerson or animal is eaten up or destroyed otherwise. His bones are put together and he or it is revived. Because one bone was broken, swallowed or lost (or a drop of blood, a small piece of flesh lost), the person or animal cannot be revived or being revived misses some part of his or its body
j69The mock and the real beheadingPerson is killed (with the cold weapon, with water of death) and then revived. Another person asks to be exposed to the same procedure but is not revived
k10Fight with the monstrous birdMonstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it
k10cWrapped in gutsHero (or twins) hangs on his body a bag with animal bowels full of blood. Breaking them with its claws, the bird thinks that its victim is killed and brings the man to its nest. He kills the adult bird, kills or transforms its nestlings
k10fNestlings turn into eaglesHero transforms nestlings or monster bird into common eagles or owls
k11aFeathers turn into birds or menFeathers of (giant) bird turn into different present day birds (in their plumage) or into the men
k11a1Birds emerge from the monstrous birdPierces of flesh or feathers of monstrous/unusual bird turn into common birds (or into their plumage)
k12Woman is lost and returnedBy trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back
k15cSubstituted clothesThe owner of the stone (ice) clothes kills people. The hero hides these clothes or substitutes them with a fake and kills the owner
k176A man in search of the womanA (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
k1fConflict because of a womanA man maroons another because of jealousy or because he plans to take hold of his wife
k1iTree to descend from a rockA tree or vine quickly grows up near the rock or in the bottom of a pit where the hero was marooned. He gets to the ground climbing down (or up) this tree (vine)
k2The destroyed ladderHero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)
k22Dwarfs and cranesDifferent from (common) people inhabitants of a distant land fight from time to time with non-human enemies who periodically attack them
k22aDwarfs attackedBirds or other creatures which not dangerous for common people attack dwarfs who live in another world
k22bMan helps inhabitants of other worldInhabitants of a distant land who have different nature than (normal) human beings struggle from time to time with some non-human enemies. Man helps local dwellers because their enemies are not dangerous for the human beings
k23Battle with birdsBirds attack the inhabitants of a distant land or a man who had got to this land
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27yTo get material for making bow and arrowsHero is sent or sets off by his own will to get two or more different materials needed for making bow and arrows (wood or reed for shafts, feathers, tendons for string, flint for points, paint to paint the shafts, gum to stick points to the shafts)
k27y1Arrow points made of coalPerson believes or pretends that the arrow points should be of coal, bark, grass and the like.
k27yy1To get feathers of a dangerous birdHero brings a feather (feathers) of a dangerous bird
k27zGame of chance for life and deathPerson becomes a master of another after winning a game (game of chance or Intellectual game but not a sport tournament)
k29aSurviving in a fireHero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation
k30Flying enemy abducts womanFlying person or creature abducts a woman but is ultimately killed or the woman escapes from him
k32The false wifeAn ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.
k35False husbandAn imposter pretends to be the hero to take his position and/or to marry or to violate his woman
k36Bewitched into animalPerson is temporary transformed into animal (usually into a dog or coyote or into donkey, ox, etc.). When he acquires his human guise again, the antagonist suffers similar transformation. In some texts only the hero or only the antagonist is transformed
k4The bird nesterPerson climbs up a tree or rock or descends to a cave to get eggs or nestlings from the bird's nest. Another person remains on the ground. They get into conflict and/or the first person is unable to get back to the ground
k8cJonah: swallowed by terrestrial animalPerson gets into the belly of ground animal or bird. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
l107The ear-sleepersAnthropomorphic beings have huge ears (use them for blankets, umbrellas, etc.)
l11Turtle-benchIn a non-human world objects of everyday life have appearance of animals and monsters, mainly fish, amphibians and reptiles
l15dThe external soulLife of a person or creature is preserved outside of his (her, its) body. Person or creature dies after the corresponding object is destroyed
l48Demons devour their comradesA man kills (usually in a tree, on a rock, at the edge of a well, of a precipice) and/or throws down one of his enemies. The other enemies do not recognize their comrade and think that their prey is falling down
l50Cliff ogreA person kills those who are passing by him. Usually he does not attack them all of a sudden but first distracts their attention. Usually he throws down his victims into a precipice, lake, etc.
l57aHero's body part is returned by his companionThe antagonists acquire person’s organ or body part (his remains) . Another person gets back what has been stolen and the first one revives (becomes strong again)
l5fHelpful skullA bodiless head, face, or skull is a woman's husband, suitor or son. He is not dangerous but a good provider, saves people from hunger, etc.
l66Tunnel under the monsterA small animal digs an underground hole to the place where the monstrous stag, elk, antelope, or buffalo lies. Hero climbs along the tunnel and kills the monster
l67Monster’s hair gnawed offAfter digging a tunnel under a lying monstrous animal, a small animal (usually a mouse) bites off the monster's hair at a certain place. Hero kills the monster thrusting his spear or arrow through the hairless place into the monster's heart
l70Fruit falls and killsPerson or animal is killed or injured with a heavy object dropped from a tree (or rock, etc.). The person or the animal knows that the objects will fall but has falls ideas about its character and weight
l71Tip of a branchPerson has killed an animal. A trickster attempts to appropriate all the meat. The person gets to carry the meat to the top of a tree and helps the trickster (or trickster's child) to get there too to share their meal. After eating, the trickster wishes to defecate or (rare) to drink. The person points to the tip of a thin branch as a right place for doing it. The trickster climbs there, falls and dies
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l98Cannibal owlDangerous cannibal or bush spirit who abducts children, attacks people, etc. is associated with an owl
m16aDiving bird’s medicineA supernatural helper (usually a loon) makes a blind man to regain his eyesight diving with him into water
m183A race: one against manyMany animals of one species that all look identical together fulfill the task that would be impossible for any of them if he were alone; the competitors believe that the task was fulfilled by only one animal. Usually a slow and a fast animals agree to race. The slow one puts other animals of his species at the finish or along the distance, each one answering the fast one that he is ahead of him. The fast one accepts his loss
m28Icarus (failed attempt to fly on artificial wings)Acquiring possibility to fly, person ultimately falls to the ground or remains in a faraway place being unable to fly any more
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m29b3The fox (jackal, coyote) is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the fox, jackal or coyote suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m30Trickster falls downPerson or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return
m30bBirds give and take back their feathers Birds first give their feathers to a certain person to make him be able to fly or to make him beautiful and then take them back
m41The eye-jugglerPerson plays throwing his eyes or (Alaska Athabascans) his tooth up or away. Eyes or tooth first come back to eye sockets or mouth but eventually are lost
m42aEyes of berriesPerson (usually after losing his own eyes), makes new eyes of berries and is able to see again
m49Man in a skin of anotherHero comes across a (animal-)person from an enemy group and takes his or her appearance, usually dressing himself in a skin of his victim; after this he penetrates the enemy camp
m49aThe substituted medicine-womanThe hero has to come unrecognized to the meeting place of his enemies. He meets an old woman (usually a shaman, a medicine-woman) who goes there, puts on her skin and acquires her appearance
m51Meat in a treeOne of two animal-persons kills game. In the absence of the stronger one, the weaker one hides the meat to eat it alone later
m82Animal person ties rattles to its tailAn animal person sees that another has something tied to his tail, wants the same tail for himself and has a trouble as a result


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Western Apache (White Mountain, San Carlos)
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Hopi
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Ute
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Athna
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Lipan
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Tewa (San Juan, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso, Tesuque, Nambé; Hano), Tiwa (Taos, Picuris; Sandia, Isleta), Towa (Jemez)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
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Upland Yuma: Walapai, Havasupai, Yavapai
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Northern Paiute (=Paviotso)
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