The Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
Two persons or animals argue about who of them will be the first to see the rising sun. One who seemed to have less chances wins
Person comes to the sun, attempts to fulfill the sun's duty but intentionally or because of a lack of skill does it wrong and the earth suffers from heat etc.
(Cf. Earth burned because the bearer of the sun came too low, Boas 2002: 664)
Two supernatural females compete in producing things. One has positive, another negative characteristics
The earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
Water is the original element, the dry earth appears later
Original earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
Seven main stars of Ursa major are interpreted as a figure of a mammal: bear, deer, mountain sheep, camel, dog
Animals (Melanesia: persons) discuss the number of discrete units of time that should be in a certain calendar period or in the night
It is discussed if darkness or light, cold or warm periods should exist
A coming of warm (light, abundant, etc.) or cold (dark, barren, etc.) time is related to the marriage of certain person
Raven or other carrion-eating bird of dark color and a similar size was originally white
Initially men possessed women's biological traits and vice versa (beard, menses, breasts, bearing children)
Person changes his or (rare) her guise to marry his or her close relative in descending or (rare) ascending line
Going away or pretending to die, a person bids his or her relative to marry another person who resembles him (her) or has some special traits; or he describes a man who should be met as a dear guest; person comes himself unrecognized and is taken for one whom he had described
To realize his or her secret desire (illicit sex, refusal to share food with relations), person pretends to die and is abandoned at a burial place
A man gets to the sky where he has a choice to marry one of two women, one of them being connected with life and another with death
Person or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
Stinging insects (rare diseases) had been inside a container or some enclosure. They escaped to the world when the container or enclosure was foolishly opened
The sky or the earth rests upon four or five (cardinal points and the center) supports of any kind (poles, mountains, giants)
Four cardinal directions and/or some objects associated with them are associated with different colors
Particular layers or categories of the earth have different colors
Giant water-chthonic or sky serpent or dragon has horns or antlers on its head
The sky is constantly moving up and down in respect to earth
Before present world, several (two or more) other worlds or races of people existed
Birds, first of all vultures and eagles, live in the sky, usually at one or more layers of the upper world
Milky Way is the backbone of the sky or of all the world
Spider person raises the hero to the sky, helps him or her to return back to earth or otherwise helps to overcome the borderlines between worlds
Spider-woman (rare: spider-man) is a patron of the hero who lives in her house and marries her daughter
A murdered parent of the hero comes to him as a ghost and informs about the circumstances of his or her death
Before the hero destroys the antagonists or escapes from them, he finds or receives the remains or possessions that belonged to the antagonists' victim
A person (usually zoomorphic and female) treacherously kills her (his) companion. The victim's children revenge on the murderer killing her own children
Children of the ungulate animal person (deer, doe, antelope) become the enemies of a predator or bigger ungulate animal person. They kill her (him) and (or) successively escape from her (him)
Two co-wives of female companions live together, both have children. Once when they go to work outdoors (usually to gather wild plants), one of them kills and devours another. The victim's children escape
Twin heroes (or one boy) come to their divine father. He puts them under trials to get know if they are really his children and possess supernatural power
A virgin girl is impregnated by the Sun and gives birth to a son or twin boys. When her son (or the twins) grows up, he (they) comes to his father
Shooting and an arrow (rare: throwing a ball), person flies on it, after it or ahead of it or sends on the arrow another person
Person gets into the belly of ground animal or bird. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
Getting to a nest of a monstrous bird, a man finds there kidnapped people, helps them to return home
By trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back
Hero substitutes powerful person's weapon or amulet with a fake
The owner of the stone (ice) clothes kills people. The hero hides these clothes or substitutes them with a fake and kills the owner
A boy is born whose father or (rare) mother is unknown. He himself points at his parent who as a rule occupies the lowest social position. Usually many men (women) come together and everyone hopes that the boy points at him (her)
A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
An ordeal: to survive cold (frosty night outdoors, chamber with ice, cold water and snow)
An ordeal: to smoke a huge or poisonous pipe or to remain alive in poisonous smoke
An ordeal: to remain alive in a closed room full of beasts of prey, poisonous or other dangerous creatures
Person or animal must eat (drink) enormous quantity of food (beverage) or eat or drink poisonous beverage or food
Person becomes a master of another after winning a game (game of chance or Intellectual game but not a sport tournament)
Maternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him
Hero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation
Flying person or creature abducts a woman but is ultimately killed or the woman escapes from him
A young woman is transformed into an animal, pushed into the water, into the underworld or she herself has to plunge into water (acquire animal form). Her connection with the human world is not completely lost, however, and usually she is helped to return to the people
A girl (usually the youngest of several sisters) does not reject but marries a poor, sick, dirty, old, too young, non-human, etc. man who later demonstrates his supernatural qualities
A bird with two or more heads on top of one body is described in tales or represented in art
During the (first) initiation supernatural beings teach boys the rituals and kill them for breaking rules related to consumption and distribution of food
Person kills or injures his enemy putting fire on his or her straw costume, mask, headgear, hair or object on his or her back
When a person climbs a tree, a demon comes to it and carries the person away, or the person follows the demon to his world by his own will
An ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes
A monstrous being is killed or neutralized by (burning hot) stones (pieces of metal, heavy fruits, etc.) thrown into its maw or anus or the being retreats when they menace to throw a stone into its maw
A male person cuts or roasts his own body to extract meat, lard or blood, cooks it and serves to his guest without injuring himself. Such a food is not considered to be unclean
Person or creature pretends to be afraid of a particular sort of treatment that really cannot do him any harm
Acquiring possibility to fly, person ultimately falls to the ground or remains in a faraway place being unable to fly any more
In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
Person or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return
Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food
An ogre or a stronger animal catches a man or a weaker animal or drives him into a small enclosure. He goes away for a while leaving a watchman. The watchman is unable to fulfill his duty and the man (the weak animal) escapes (usually he dupes the watchman). Most, though hardly all American cases can have post-Columbian African origin
One of two animal-persons kills game. In the absence of the stronger one, the weaker one hides the meat to eat it alone later
A small animal (not a predator) or a weak person kills a big game. He asks another (animal-)person to skin or butcher the carcass. The latter is willing but takes or tries to take all the meat for himself
Hero and his adversary play hide-and-seek. The hero finds his adversary but the adversary cannot find him
Person is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
Person who gives difficult tasks to the hero is associated with the Sun, Moon, Thunder, or Wind (Cloud, Rain)
Being on a visit to other people or (more often) animals, an (animal)-person sees them act using magic or according to their animal nature. Back at home, he imitates their actions and gets in trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and mostly refer to providing and cooking food
Birds first give their feathers to a certain person to make him be able to fly or to make him beautiful and then take them back
Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the fox, jackal or coyote suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
During the (first) initiation the men kill the supernaturals (and since then reproduce their appearance and/or voices during the male rituals)
A (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
Monstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it
Two women live together, each one has children. When they are outdoors, one of them kills another and brings home her flesh. The victim’s children gets to see their mother’s breasts (in California: eyes or liver) or their mother’s breasts speak with them
The victim’s children kill the murderer’s children luring them in a place where the die of smoke or heath
Person who is the incarnation of fertility and life first disappears and then (reriodically) returns
A woman gives birth to a son after being impregnated by the sun(shine) or sun(beam)