Wailaki, Mattole, Lassik, Sinkyone, Cahto



Tradition title rus: 
Атапаски СЗ Калифорнии: вайлаки, маттол, лассик, синкион, като
Areal ID: 
12.6.1.6
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
80.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
43.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a3


Name_eng: 
Male sun and female moon
Description: 

The Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male




Motif

a4


Name_eng: 
Female sun
Description: 

The Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female




Motif

a12


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: monster’s attack
Description: 

Some creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light




Motif

a12a


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: a predator animal
Description: 

During an eclipse or at other circumstances the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a predator animal (a bear, a feline, a canine, a racoon)




Motif

a32


Name_eng: 
Figure on lunar disc
Description: 

A figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)




Motif

b18


Name_eng: 
Light in container
Description: 

Day light (also warmth, the sun, the moon) is kept as a particular object in a container, under a cover, etc.




Motif

b61


Name_eng: 
The mole’s paw
Description: 

Mole had to support the sky or the Sun that had fallen down. Usually its paw (hand) remained crooked after this




Motif

b82


Name_eng: 
The white raven
Description: 

Raven or other carrion-eating bird of dark color and a similar size was originally white




Motif

c8


Name_eng: 
The couple of close relations originates the mankind
Description: 

In the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister, mother and son, or father and daughters are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents




Motif

c19


Name_eng: 
Acquisition of the sun
Description: 

The Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)




Motif

d4a


Name_eng: 
Theft of fire
Description: 

Fire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before




Motif

d4e


Name_eng: 
Coyote or fox obtain fire
Description: 

Coyote or fox bring people the fire, the daylight or the Sun




Motif

d4g


Name_eng: 
Hummingbird discovers where the fire is (and brings it to people)
Description: 

Hummingbird discovers where the fire is (and brings it to people)




Motif

d13f


Name_eng: 
Laughter and fire
Description: 

Laughter triggers emergence or spread of fire. Usually fire is obtained from a creature when it bursts out laughing




Motif

e37


Name_eng: 
Peoples from sticks
Description: 

Creator takes many small sticks, transforms them into people of both sexes and all ages




Motif

f27


Name_eng: 
Girls and the water spirits
Description: 

For girls and young women it is dangerous to come near water. Water creatures swallow them or drag away; a girl can die or become pregnant from a spirit; she can trigger a flood (rare: other cataclysm). Water spirits can come themselves to a girl who has her periods




Motif

f30


Name_eng: 
Snake paramour
Description: 

A woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man




Motif

f55


Name_eng: 
What do you want?
Description: 

A woman cannot understand what does her partner want. She points at, names or suggests different things. At last she points at, names or exposes her genitals. This is the right answer




Motif

f58


Name_eng: 
Trickster and women
Description: 

A man cohabits with a group of women (or with several women in succession) concealing his identity and/or intentions. He is either eventually exposed and punished by women or escapes to continue his tricks




Motif

f61


Name_eng: 
Trickster rapes a woman who carries him on her back
Description: 

A man pretends to be weak, ill or injured, asks a woman to carry him on her back. When she agrees, he makes attempt to copulate with her




Motif

h1a


Name_eng: 
The originator of death the first sufferer
Description: 

One person wants man to live forever, another wants man to be mortal. When somebody dear to the latter one dies, he or she is eager to accept the suggestion of his or her opponent but the original decision cannot be changed




Motif

h1b


Name_eng: 
Death of a neighbor’s child
Description: 

Person does something that makes death inevitable because the death of a child or a woman beloved by another person is indifferent or desirable for him or her




Motif

h18


Name_eng: 
Hoarded game released
Description: 

Game animals were concentrated in one single place. Certain person lets them disperse in the world




Motif

h22


Name_eng: 
Sense of smell
Description: 

Big game animals obtain sense of smell and/or become to escape from hunters after a person makes them olfactory organs or lets them feel strong odor




Motif

h36gg


Name_eng: 
Death and the coyote
Description: 

Coyote is responsible for introduction of permanent death




Motif

i1


Name_eng: 
The thunderbirds
Description: 

Creatures that produce rain and/or thunderstorms are birds or anthropomorphic beings with wings; or (rare) some or all birds are connected with thunder, lightning or rain though Thunder is not a bird




Motif

i8c


Name_eng: 
The suspended earth
Description: 

The earth does not fall down or swing because it is suspended to ropes




Motif

i8e1


Name_eng: 
Four supports of the world
Description: 

The sky or the earth rests upon four or five (cardinal points and the center) supports of any kind (poles, mountains, giants)




Motif

i13a


Name_eng: 
The horned serpent
Description: 

Giant water-chthonic or sky serpent or dragon has horns or antlers on its head




Motif

i28


Name_eng: 
Animals in the underworld
Description: 

Game animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master




Motif

i51a


Name_eng: 
Bull the earth-holder
Description: 

Big mammal supports the earth




Motif

i51b


Name_eng: 
The earth is an animal
Description: 

The earth or the sky are identified with a big quadruped mammal or are made of parts of its body




Motif

i65


Name_eng: 
Milky Way of the dead
Description: 

Milky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession




Motif

i82a


Name_eng: 
Venus is male
Description: 

Morning and/or Evening Star is a male personage




Motif

j30


Name_eng: 
Parents’ remains
Description: 

Before the hero destroys the antagonists or escapes from them, he finds or receives the remains or possessions that belonged to the antagonists' victim




Motif

j31


Name_eng: 
Father’s weapon
Description: 

A young hero obtains and uses weapons or other powerful objects which belonged to his murdered father




Motif

j44


Name_eng: 
The broken bridge
Description: 

Person or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice




Motif

j45


Name_eng: 
The stretched out leg (crane bridge)
Description: 

Person stretches his or her leg or neck as a bridge across water body. The fugitives or those who walk ahead cross the bridge; the persecutor or those who are behind usually fall because the person takes his bridge off




Motif

j46


Name_eng: 
Enemy drowns
Description: 

Antagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body




Motif

j47


Name_eng: 
Pursuer falls from height
Description: 

Person ascends to the sky (rare: descends from the sky; ascends the cliff) by a rope, a ladder, etc. Another person tries to follow him or her but the rope (the ladder) is broken or severed




Motif

j52


Name_eng: 
Two animal persons and their children
Description: 

A person (usually zoomorphic and female) treacherously kills her (his) companion. The victim's children revenge on the murderer killing her own children




Motif

j52a


Name_eng: 
Bear as antagonist
Description: 

A bear-person (usually Bear-woman) kills her or his female companion who is associated with a weaker animal – not a predator or a weaker predator. The victim's children revenge on the antagonist killing her own children and / or run away and escape




Motif

j53


Name_eng: 
The fawns and the cubs
Description: 

Children of the ungulate animal person (deer, doe, antelope) become the enemies of a predator or bigger ungulate animal person. They kill her (him) and (or) successively escape from her (him)




Motif

j53c


Name_eng: 
One of two female companions kills another
Description: 

Two co-wives of female companions live together, both have children. Once when they go to work outdoors (usually to gather wild plants), one of them kills and devours another. The victim's children escape




Motif

k27n


Name_eng: 
Difficult tasks of the in-laws
Description: 

A man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage




Motif

k27o


Name_eng: 
Ball game
Description: 

A contest: ball game




Motif

k44


Name_eng: 
False mother rejected
Description: 

A demonic or animal person steals a boy and pretends to be his real mother or father. The boy gets to know the truth, leaves the false parent




Motif

k58a


Name_eng: 
Water in exchange for love
Description: 

Person makes water or fish available only if girl agrees to marry him and does not do it if the girl is unwilling




Motif

l15a


Name_eng: 
Vulnerable place on the body
Description: 

The only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s or creature’s body and not in his inner organs




Motif

l41


Name_eng: 
Hero escapes on the way
Description: 

An ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house




Motif

l49


Name_eng: 
Body parts falling down
Description: 

Body parts of a person or pieces of his flesh are thrown down one by one. (In American Indian versions those who are on the ground usually take them for game, honey, fish)




Motif

l52


Name_eng: 
Hero escapes from top of a tree
Description: 

Hero hides in a tree from an ogre. Before the ogre gets to fell the tree, the hero flies away or a bird helps him to escape




Motif

l53


Name_eng: 
Stones into the maw
Description: 

A monstrous being is killed or neutralized by (burning hot) stones (pieces of metal, heavy fruits, etc.) thrown into its maw or anus or the being retreats when they menace to throw a stone into its maw




Motif

l61


Name_eng: 
Endocannibal
Description: 

Person devours his or her own flesh or disembowels himself or herself




Motif

l87


Name_eng: 
Taste of blood
Description: 

Unintentionally, person gets to taste his or her own blood or flesh, likes the taste, turns into a cannibal




Motif

m22


Name_eng: 
Helpful stock
Description: 

A long-necked bird living near water (stork, heron, bittern, swan) saves person from dangerous pursuer




Motif

m29b


Name_eng: 
Trickster-fox, jackal or coyote
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote




Motif

m30


Name_eng: 
Trickster falls down
Description: 

Person or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return




Motif

m42


Name_eng: 
Eyes: taken out of orbits and lost
Description: 

Person loses his eyes because of his playfulness or negligence. He makes new eyes of some substance or/and takes eyes of another person




Motif

m46a


Name_eng: 
A stratagem: the picked up baby
Description: 

Person turns into baby, is picked up by the owner of valuables, steals the valuables or makes love to a woman. The baby is not a demonic creature and does not plan to kill those who picked him up (cf. motif L60)




Motif

m81


Name_eng: 
Blind persons
Description: 

A man travels and comes to two or several blind (usually old) persons




Motif

k27n3a


Name_eng: 
Task-giver is the Sun, Moon, Thunder, or Wind
Description: 

Person who gives difficult tasks to the hero is associated with the Sun, Moon, Thunder, or Wind (Cloud, Rain)




Motif

a32c1


Name_eng: 
Predator animal in the Moon
Description: 

A predator animal (fox, wolf, dog, coyote, jaguar, lion) or its imprint is seen in the Moon




Motif

i117


Name_eng: 
Spider ferries from one world to another
Description: 

Spider person raises the hero to the sky, helps him or her to return back to earth or otherwise helps to overcome the borderlines between worlds




Motif

l65b3


Name_eng: 
The escape on the tree
Description: 

Persons climbs a tree and thanks to this escapes from a demon (who usually tries to fell the tree)




Motif

i45b


Name_eng: 
Not to point at the rainbow
Description: 

It to point at the rainbow, pointing finger or entire arm will rot, wither or become crooked




Motif

j53b


Name_eng: 
The killed mother’s breasts
Description: 

Two women live together, each one has children. When they are outdoors, one of them kills another and brings home her flesh. The victim’s children gets to see their mother’s breasts (in California: eyes or liver) or their mother’s breasts speak with them




Motif

f35a


Name_eng: 
Feeding with the kin’s meat
Description: 

Person does not know that he or she eats or cooks the meat of the member of his or her household (blood relation, more rare a spouse or servant) or serves it to his or her friends, or uses her or his bones for everyday needs, or slowly kills him ort her




Motif

l15a1


Name_eng: 
Achilles' heel
Description: 

Vulnerable place on the body of a person or creature is on his or her foot (toe, heel, sole, ankle)




Motif

j53a


Name_eng: 
To involve in a game and to kill
Description: 

A child suggests another to play. The one who has been invited follows the rules but the initiator does not do it and kills the other




Motif

j53a1


Name_eng: 
A way of the revenge: to lure into the smoke and fire
Description: 

The victim’s children kill the murderer’s children luring them in a place where the die of smoke or heath




Motif

d4a1


Name_eng: 
Dance fot the hidden fire
Description: 

Person who incarnates or owns the fire hides himself or herself or is hidden. To return or to get heath and light, his or her interest is attracted or diverted by way of singing, dancing, playing music, provocative behavior, offering of unusual gifts, sex or alcohol




Motif

d7a


Name_eng: 
Fire and spider
Description: 

Spider possesses the fire or steals it from original owner (texts in which spider acts together with other animals and does not play the leading role are not included)




Motif

k87a


Name_eng: 
A stolen boy
Description: 

A forest woman receives or steals a small boy and brings him up to make him her paramour




Motif

m46


Name_eng: 
The false baby
Description: 

Planning to get or to return valuables, person turns into baby or in a small objects that has power to impregnate a woman. The picked up or the born baby steals the valuables and acquires his real guise (including cases according to which the girl herself is the desired valuable)




Motif

b14


Name_eng: 
To regulate the river current, person creates rapids and falls
Description: 

Person creates river rapids




Motif

j4a


Name_eng: 
Revenge for the death of the mother
Description: 

A woman is murdered. Her son or children (rare: grandchildren, nephews) revenge for her death




Motif

j4b


Name_eng: 
Revenge inside the family
Description: 

Children (son, sons, son and daughter) of the murdered woman or man revenge on persons who have marital or close kin relations with the victom




Motif

j1


Name_eng: 
The vengeful heroes
Description: 

Persons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they




Motif

c8aa


Name_eng: 
Brother and sister beget the people
Description: 

In the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Yuki (Yuki proper, Coastal Yuki, Huchnob)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Ute
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Yanomamo (Yanoama): Yanomam, Yanomami
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Western Apache (White Mountain, San Carlos)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis, (Lower) Cowlitz
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Western Shoshone, Gosiute
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Oroch
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Upland Yuma: Walapai, Havasupai, Yavapai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Napo (Quijo), Kanelo (“Jungle Kechua”)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kabiyari, Yukuna (Yucuna)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition:
Upper Chinook: Wasco, Wishram, Clackamas, Kathlamet
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition:
Western Shoshone, Gosiute
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Maidu, Nisenan, Konkov
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Sierra Miwok
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Yuki (Yuki proper, Coastal Yuki, Huchnob)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Klamath, Modoc
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Lkungen (Straits; including Samish, Songish, Sooke, Lummi), Klallam
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Northern Shoshone
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Thompson (Nlaka'pamux)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Ute