Pomo



Tradition title rus: 
Помо
Areal ID: 
12.6.3.1
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
142.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
87.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a12aEclipses: a predator animalDuring an eclipse or at other circumstances the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a predator animal (a bear, a feline, a canine, a racoon)
a13a1Raven obtains the SunRaven (crow) gets the hidden or stolen Sun (daylight)
a21Luminaries are objects fixed in the skyThe sun and/or the moon are inanimate objects thrown up to the sky or fixed in the sky
a22cPerson sacrificed to the SunTo make the Sun rise above the horizon, to send him to the right distance from the earth, to make him move across the sky, etc. a person has to be sacrificed
a23Elections of the Sun to beThe primeval ancestors come together to choose the best candidate to become the Sun and/or to send the Sun to the sky or to see how the Sun rises to the sky for the first time
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32aThe Moon rabbitRabbit or hare are seen in the moon
a32c1Predator animal in the MoonA predator animal (fox, wolf, dog, coyote, jaguar, lion) or its imprint is seen in the Moon
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b10Drunk out waterPerson drinks a lake or all the water in the world or all the water is originally inside person's belly. When a hole is made in it, the water pours out
b125Animals exchange their organsDuring the time of creation particular species of animals (rare: plants) exchanged certain organs or traits or one animal borrowed an organ from another one but never brought it back. Thence the characteristics of these animals now. In rare cases the back exchange and restoring of the initial situation or the passing of certain organ from one animal to another without compensation are described
b18Light in containerDay light (also warmth, the sun, the moon) is kept as a particular object in a container, under a cover, etc.
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b40Rabbit as deer’s proxyHare or rabbit is a false deer or it was deer in the past or a close kin of the deer or had horns or antlers or missed opportunity to get them, its ears are the false horns
b40aMissed opportunity to have hornsAnimal who has no horns now had them before or missed opportunity to get them
b82The white ravenRaven or other carrion-eating bird of dark color and a similar size was originally white
b92Flint person turns into flintsPerson whose body is extraordinary hard and invulnerable or (rare) a small object is broken to pieces that turn into flints or other hard stones (the origin of flints)
c11Divine father avenges his sonPerson uses his supernatural powers to destroy a large group of people who have offended or insulted his son
c19Acquisition of the sunThe Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)
c2Deluge and conflagration combinedInhabitans of the Middle World are (partly) destroyed (or will be destoyed) once by fire or draught, another time by a flood or the world is destroyed with a flood of fire or boiling water
c6Valuables brought from the lower worldPersons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)
c6aThe diver is turtle or frogA turtle or a frog (toad) brings the desired object from the bottom of the water body or from the lower world
c6cThe diver is a birdAn aquatic bird dives and brings the desired object from the bottom
c6c4The duck is successful diverThe duck (or an aquatic bird similar to the duck) dives and brings a piece of earth that is transformed into the dry land (it is the only or the only successful diver)
c6dThe aquisition of the earth from the lower worldThe dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)
c7The flood: breaking the damIn the beginning of times or after the flood a dam of earth, person or creature does not let water to recede. The dam is broken or opened, waters withdraw
d13gMeet seen on teethWhen person laughs, people see his or her monstrous mouth (many teeth, human meat on teeth). They kill the monster or escape from it
d13i1Showing his teeth, person betrays himselfPerson’s (demonic) nature becomes clear when he or she laughs and shows his or her teeth
d1bMale spirit of fireThe fire is personified as an elder man (alone or with his wife, mistress of fire)
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
d4eCoyote or fox obtain fireCoyote or fox bring people the fire, the daylight or the Sun
d4jRabbit obtains fireFire owner, stealer, or stealer's companion is a rabbit, a hare or (among the Ofaie) a guinea pig
d4mFire owners dancePerson comes to the owners of fire or light. They feast and dance. He joins them and in a proper moment carries away the valuables
d9Fire and vultureRaven or other big dark-feathered bird scavenger is the owner, personification, spouse, obtainer or stealer of fire, daylight, or the Sun
e14Sacred knowledge from the deadPeople obtain sacred knowledge, objects and rituals from ghosts
e1aFirst people of unstable materialsFirst human beings are made of unstable materials (mud, wax, fire, honey, etc.) and unviable
e2People made for a testMaking people, creator does not reach perfection immediately. First variants of creation are rejected, then proper form and material found
e29Lizard gives proper handsTwo persons (usually Coyote and Lizard) argue if people's hand has to be like a paw or people should have fingers
e37Peoples from sticksCreator takes many small sticks, transforms them into people of both sexes and all ages
e4Creation from dirt of the skinSupernatural person creates the entire earth, human or other beings of dirt taken from his or her skin, from under the nails, etc.
f10Vaginal teeth knocked outWoman has another toothed mouth (usually in vagina) or biting animals in vagina. Man inserts there a stone, bone, stick, etc. breaking or knocking out the teeth or extracting from there dangerous animals
f27Girls and the water spiritsFor girls and young women it is dangerous to come near water. Water creatures swallow them or drag away; a girl can die or become pregnant from a spirit; she can trigger a flood (rare: other cataclysm). Water spirits can come themselves to a girl who has her periods
f35aFeeding with the kin’s meatPerson does not know that he or she eats or cooks the meat of the member of his or her household (blood relation, more rare a spouse or servant) or serves it to his or her friends, or uses her or his bones for everyday needs, or slowly kills him ort her
f63Trickster poses as woman and marries manA male person turns into woman and marries a man. He is either unmasked or abandons his "husband" by his own will
f65The false burialTo realize his or her secret desire (illicit sex, refusal to share food with relations), person pretends to die and is abandoned at a burial place
f65dThe feigned burial: wife does not believeA man feigns death and is abandoned at the burial place. His wife (mother, aunt) gets to know about the deceit and provokes the man to show that he is alive
f82Incest with mother-in-lawA man uses a trick to have opportunity to make love to his mother-in-law or woman uses a trick to make love to her son-in-law. Usually a man takes with him on a hunt not his wife but her mother
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f9aVagina dentataThere are teeth, blades or sharp stones in woman’s genitals, vagina is the biting mouth. (Only texts that are believed to correspond to reality are considered but not anecdotes and jokes)
f9cSnake in vaginaSnake (Pacific snake-eel in Polynesia) is in vagina; around the woman's thighs; vagina is a mouth of a snake; a woman with toothed vagina is associated with a snake; a snake crawls out of woman's mouth to bite off the man’s penis during the copulation
g2The return of PersephonePerson who is the incarnation of fertility and life first disappears and then (reriodically) returns
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h16aRivers of bloodRivers (lakes) of blood (also of puss, bones, sweat or water used for washing of corpses) are mentioned in narratives (in different context)
h1aThe originator of death the first suffererOne person wants man to live forever, another wants man to be mortal. When somebody dear to the latter one dies, he or she is eager to accept the suggestion of his or her opponent but the original decision cannot be changed
h1bDeath of a neighbor’s childPerson does something that makes death inevitable because the death of a child or a woman beloved by another person is indifferent or desirable for him or her
h1dThe first dead is rejected by the alive peoplePerson dies and returns soon but people send him or her back, refuse to accept as a member of their community or bury again. Since then death becomes permanent
h20Fish disperse in the worldAll the fish or (rare) shellfish) was concentrated in one place. Certain person lets it lose or puts it into the rivers or sea
h36ggDeath and the coyoteCoyote is responsible for introduction of permanent death
h36jDeath and the larkLark is responsible for introduction of permanent death
h5People and snakesReptiles or invertebrates possess the medicine of immortality; are contrasted with men as immortal with mortals and/or are responsible for originating of death; or a snake's bite inflicts the first death
i1The thunderbirdsCreatures that produce rain and/or thunderstorms are birds or anthropomorphic beings with wings; or (rare) some or all birds are connected with thunder, lightning or rain though Thunder is not a bird
i100The Pleiades are girlsThe Pleiades are a group of girls or women (with children)
i100bThe Pleiades are a group of peopleThe Pleiades are any people (of any ages and sex, combined data of i99-i100a)
i117Spider ferries from one world to anotherSpider person raises the hero to the sky, helps him or her to return back to earth or otherwise helps to overcome the borderlines between worlds
i13aThe horned serpentGiant water-chthonic or sky serpent or dragon has horns or antlers on its head
i2Lightning from eyesLightning emerges from eyes or mouth of the being who is thought to produce thunderstorms
i22Objects in permanent movementThere are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)
i22gClapping rocksThere are mountains or rocks which permanently collide and separate again from each other or a crack (jaws) in a vertical cliff which is opening and closing
i3Weapon of ThunderThe lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being
i54Water creature full of fishAnaconda or a water monster has live fish or animals inside; is father of the fish; all fish emerge from its body
i65Milky Way of the deadMilky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession
i73Stars are sparksStars (rare: suns and moons) are sparks or burning coals
i75World agesBefore present world, several (two or more) other worlds or races of people existed
i78The square earthThe earth is square, the sky is usually round
i82aVenus is maleMorning and/or Evening Star is a male personage
i82bVenus is femaleMorning and/or Evening Star is a female personage
i8e1Four supports of the worldThe sky or the earth rests upon four or five (cardinal points and the center) supports of any kind (poles, mountains, giants)
i9aZenith and nadirThe zenith and/or nadir are described together with four cardinal directions as the fifth (and the sixth) ones
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j12Travelling girl walks across suitorsA girl (or two sisters) travel, usually in search of a proper marriage partner who lives far away or who has gone away. On her way or after reaching the place of destination the girl gets to some unpleasant suitors
j13Two sistersTwo sisters (if more, only two play a significant role in the plot) travel and meet an unpleasant suitor or get to an ogre
j16Rejects to eat insectsPerson perishes because being forced to clean ogre's or animal’s head infected with insects, refuses to bite the insects, spits in disgust or is suspected to do it
j17Frogs in hairInstead of lice, there are other (bigger or dangerous) creatures in the hair of some persons or he or she pretends that his or her hair is infested with them
j22aTwo men from oneTwo men or a man and a woman appear from two halves of the cut in two anthropomorphic body or embryo; or another man appears from part of the body of the first one or from his body discharge
j40bAvenged prisonersAfter the hero comes back after a long absence and finds his parents enslaved, he tells them to demonstrate openly a lack of respect to their masters and punishes those who were cruel with them
j44The broken bridgePerson or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice
j45The stretched out leg (crane bridge)Person stretches his or her leg or neck as a bridge across water body. The fugitives or those who walk ahead cross the bridge; the persecutor or those who are behind usually fall because the person takes his bridge off
j46Enemy drownsAntagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body
j4aRevenge for the death of the motherA woman is murdered. Her son or children (rare: grandchildren, nephews) revenge for her death
j4bRevenge inside the familyChildren (son, sons, son and daughter) of the murdered woman or man revenge on persons who have marital or close kin relations with the victom
j50An attempt to revive the victimTwin heroes' parent dies or is killed, an attempt to revive him or her fails
j52Two animal persons and their childrenA person (usually zoomorphic and female) treacherously kills her (his) companion. The victim's children revenge on the murderer killing her own children
j52aBear as antagonistA bear-person (usually Bear-woman) kills her or his female companion who is associated with a weaker animal – not a predator or a weaker predator. The victim's children revenge on the antagonist killing her own children and / or run away and escape
j53The fawns and the cubsChildren of the ungulate animal person (deer, doe, antelope) become the enemies of a predator or bigger ungulate animal person. They kill her (him) and (or) successively escape from her (him)
j53aTo involve in a game and to killA child suggests another to play. The one who has been invited follows the rules but the initiator does not do it and kills the other
j53a1A way of the revenge: to lure into the smoke and fireThe victim’s children kill the murderer’s children luring them in a place where the die of smoke or heath
j53cOne of two female companions kills anotherTwo co-wives of female companions live together, both have children. Once when they go to work outdoors (usually to gather wild plants), one of them kills and devours another. The victim's children escape
j66The gnawed through bow-stringsHero or his helpers cut or gnaw through bow- and other strings of the enemies, make holes in their canoes in order to forestall pursuit
k11aFeathers turn into birds or menFeathers of (giant) bird turn into different present day birds (in their plumage) or into the men
k12Woman is lost and returnedBy trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back
k176A man in search of the womanA (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
k177The travelling heroineA girl or young woman sets off to find or return her fience or her husband or she escapes from a fanger and ultimately marries happily
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27eEating or drinking contestPerson or animal must eat (drink) enormous quantity of food (beverage) or eat or drink poisonous beverage or food
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n3aTask-giver is the Sun, Moon, Thunder, or WindPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero is associated with the Sun, Moon, Thunder, or Wind (Cloud, Rain)
k27n3cTask-giver is a zoomorphic beingPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero is associated with an animal, a bird or a fish
k27pAntagonist mourns loss of his helpersThe antagonist sends the hero to the place where he is attacked by dangerous creatures. The hero kills them and brings to the antagonist. The creatures are the antagonist's relatives, pets, or helpers, therefore he or she mourns their death or revives them
k27sContest: a raceContest: a race
k27yTo get material for making bow and arrowsHero is sent or sets off by his own will to get two or more different materials needed for making bow and arrows (wood or reed for shafts, feathers, tendons for string, flint for points, paint to paint the shafts, gum to stick points to the shafts)
k27yyTo come near a dangerous treeHero is sent to a tree which must fall on him
k28Father or uncle is rival and enemyMaternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him
k29aSurviving in a fireHero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation
k3Tree or rock grows tallerHero climbs up a tree or rock to get eggs, nestlings, fruits, honey, etc. Another person makes the tree (rock) grow higher or thicker and the hero is unable to descend back
k30Flying enemy abducts womanFlying person or creature abducts a woman but is ultimately killed or the woman escapes from him
k34Fatal swingPerson kills others inviting them to sit on a swing and launching them into water, on rocks, etc.
k4The bird nesterPerson climbs up a tree or rock or descends to a cave to get eggs or nestlings from the bird's nest. Another person remains on the ground. They get into conflict and/or the first person is unable to get back to the ground
k46Woman throws herself into the oceanGiving way to a burst of horror or shame, woman or girl runs to the ocean, throws herself into the water or remains on the beach. Her husband or suitor pursues but cannot catch her
k86Weeping child stolenBecause a small child is ignored or punished by its parents (usually it cries late in the evening), bush spirit or animal carries it away
k87Marriage with an animal creates problemsA woman becomes the wife of an animal (rare: other non-human being). Her husband cares for her but ultimately the animal, the woman, her children or her relations are killed, she turns into an animal herself, animals and humans become enemies, etc.
l15aVulnerable place on the bodyThe only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s or creature’s body and not in his inner organs
l15a1Achilles' heelVulnerable place on the body of a person or creature is on his or her foot (toe, heel, sole, ankle)
l53Stones into the mawA monstrous being is killed or neutralized by (burning hot) stones (pieces of metal, heavy fruits, etc.) thrown into its maw or anus or the being retreats when they menace to throw a stone into its maw
l63Person eats with vagina or anusPerson eats food with her toothed vagina or with her or his anus
l70Fruit falls and killsPerson or animal is killed or injured with a heavy object dropped from a tree (or rock, etc.). The person or the animal knows that the objects will fall but has falls ideas about its character and weight
l9Sharp body membersBody members of a person has the form of cutting or piercing weapon
l98Cannibal owlDangerous cannibal or bush spirit who abducts children, attacks people, etc. is associated with an owl
m22Helpful stockA long-necked bird living near water (stork, heron, bittern, swan) saves person from dangerous pursuer
m23Mock pleaPerson or creature pretends to be afraid of a particular sort of treatment that really cannot do him any harm
m28Icarus (failed attempt to fly on artificial wings)Acquiring possibility to fly, person ultimately falls to the ground or remains in a faraway place being unable to fly any more
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m29b2The bear is a failure/enemyBecause of its stupidity or unsocial behavior, the bear suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29b3The fox (jackal, coyote) is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the fox, jackal or coyote suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29kThe turtle (tortoise, toad, frog) wins thanks to his smartnessBeing smart and persistent, the turtle (toad, frog) overcomes strong adversaries
m30Trickster falls downPerson or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return
m30bBirds give and take back their feathers Birds first give their feathers to a certain person to make him be able to fly or to make him beautiful and then take them back
m57aBeads discharged from the bodyInstead of common body discharges a man or a woman urinates, spits, etc. beads, flowers, gold and other valuables; valuables are produced by the very presence of particular person
m57a2Male person is the producer of valuablesInstead of common body discharges a a man urinates, spits, etc. beads, flowers, gold and other valuables; valuables are produced by the very presence of particular male person. See motif m57a
m60bFalse doctor: a finished off victimThe deceiver who promised to cure a sick or wounded person or animal devours him or suggests a remedy that makes the sick one to feel ever worse


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Maidu, Nisenan, Konkov
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Sierra Miwok
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Bella Coola (Nuxalk)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Pemon: Arekuna (incl. Kamarakoto), Taulipang (Taurepan)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kiliwa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kirati (Kiranti): Rai (incl Thulung), Limbu, Newar
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kogi (Cagaba), Sanha, Creols of Aritama Valley
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Luiseño, Juaneño
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Miao (Hmong) and Yao of Southern China
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Northern Paiute (=Paviotso)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Western Shoshone, Gosiute
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Northern Shoshone
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tewa (San Juan, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso, Tesuque, Nambé; Hano), Tiwa (Taos, Picuris; Sandia, Isleta), Towa (Jemez)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Wailaki, Mattole, Lassik, Sinkyone, Cahto
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Maidu, Nisenan, Konkov
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Western Keres (Acoma, Laguna)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Klamath, Modoc
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Northern Foothills Yokuts (Chukchansi, Dumna, Kechayi)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Sierra Miwok
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Northern Paiute (=Paviotso)