Kirati (Kiranti): Rai (incl Thulung), Limbu, Newar



Tradition title rus: 
Кирати (киранти), в тч раи (вкл тулунг), лимбу, невар
Areal ID: 
6.2.2.2
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
94.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
49.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a2Several sunsIn a certain time in the past three or more suns were on the sky simultaneously
a2aThe sun is a source of distructive heatThe world was or will be (almost) burned when several suns had (will) appear(ed) simultaneously; or the only sun was too hot (or bright)
a2bExtra suns and moons annihilatedOther suns or moons besides present ones had been in the sky and were later annihilated
a2b1The last sunTwo or more suns shine in the sky. When the extra suns had been annihilated, there was a risk of the last one being destroyed too
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b116The first book eaten upAn animal or a person eats up the first book (writing, important document). (In some of European traditions the eating up of the book is not directly described but follows from the context)
b116cSacred book lostIn the past a particular groups of people possessed scripture and knowledge that were later lost or the people missed opportunity to obtain them
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3dEarth from worm’s excrementsA worm obtains the earth (from the underworld), it emerges from the worm's excrements, is extracted from inside of the worm
b3eEarth falls on watersIn the beginning there are only air and water. 1) Person descends from the sky, creates the dry land or a hard support created for her or him grows into the earth. 2) The earth is sent or dropped from the sky, put on the surface of the water. 3) The earth is brought from somewhere (not from the underworld) and put on the water
b43aPerson created from many objectsA person or creature is created from several different materials or objects or from material brought from different places
b5bThe universal motherWoman (alone or with her companion) gives birth to or creates not only people but also different creatures and objects
b73bThe cuckoo: in search of lost family memberTwo teenagers or young people are in search of each other, call each other (or one of them call another): a girl in search of her lost (or dead) brother or brother’s wife, a boy in search of his brother or sister, young parents in seach their child. One or both of them turn into birds with specific cry
b86Babylonian towerTo reach the sky (the Sun, Moon, particular star), people build a ladder or tower that consists of separate modules (bricks, logs, sticks, etc.). This construction collapses
c18aThe cock lures out the Sun from its hiding placeThe cock lures out the Sun from its hiding place or people beliefe that the Sun will not rise if the cock would not cry
c6Valuables brought from the lower worldPersons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)
d13gMeet seen on teethWhen person laughs, people see his or her monstrous mouth (many teeth, human meat on teeth). They kill the monster or escape from it
d13i1Showing his teeth, person betrays himselfPerson’s (demonic) nature becomes clear when he or she laughs and shows his or her teeth
e1aFirst people of unstable materialsFirst human beings are made of unstable materials (mud, wax, fire, honey, etc.) and unviable
e2People made for a testMaking people, creator does not reach perfection immediately. First variants of creation are rejected, then proper form and material found
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
e5bFirst couple from the underworldFirst man (a group of brothers) or first human couple come out from the underworld (a cave) or from a small enclosure on its surface (tussock, reed, tree, rock, gourd)
e9The mysterious housekeeperPerson observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one
f35aFeeding with the kin’s meatPerson does not know that he or she eats or cooks the meat of the member of his or her household (blood relation, more rare a spouse or servant) or serves it to his or her friends, or uses her or his bones for everyday needs, or slowly kills him ort her
f45aConception from windA woman or a female animal is impregnated deliberately exposing her genitals to the wind
f7The underwater-maidenMan takes or attempts to take a wife who is connected with the underwater world (fish, crab, snake, water animal and the like)
g6Primeval treeOne of the trees is the principal, original one (emerged before all the other; ancestor of wild or cultivated plants; ocean or rivers inside it; world axis; higher than all the others; overshadows sky)
h11The call of GodPeople become mortal because they do not hear or answer a call of a being who promises them immortality (or do not pronounce his name) or answer a call (pronouns the name) of a being who brings death
h28Plagues from the body of a person or creatureKilled and destroyed (often burned) person or creature (usually ogre, fierce animal, powerful shaman) turns into a multitude of biting insects or into other small molesting creatures
h28aMosquitoes from sparks and smokeA burned person or creature immediately turns into a multitude of mosquitoes or biting flies
h36cDeath and the lizardLizard is responsible for introduction of permanent death. (Lithuanian case can be a mistification)
h4The shed skinThose who change their skin become young again
h43aBroken figure of the first manAfter making human body, creator goes away for a time. In his absence another person makes attempt to break human figure that was not yet alive
h43abMan is mortal because somebody spit on himMan is mortal because somebody spit on him when his figure was still in process of creation
h44aSky and Earth divide their childrenTwo persons, one of whom is connected with the sky (water, spirit world) and another with the earth (human world), divide their child or people created by them. Sky (spirit, Water) takes the imperishable part, and Earth (person), the perishable one
h50Sky god and mistress of the deadA couple of deities or ancestors divorces. Man remains on earth or ascends to the sky, woman becomes the mistress of the dead or of the underworld
h51The demonic horseA horse eats people or is associated with antagonist of the God
h9Strong and weakPeople are mortal because they have been likened to something subject to decay and easy destruction (e.g. to the soft wood and not to the stone)
i11Cosmic turtle or toadA turtle, toad, or frog supports the earth (sky) or is its embodiment
i36Thunder and lightning are relatives, spouses or in-laws Thunder and lightning (two thunders, two lightings) are close relatives, spouses or in-laws
i52Fish the earth-holderWorld is supported by fish or fish-like monster or the earth itself is such a monster
i62Milky Way is a riverMilky Way is a sky river, water body, chain of beings that swim
i82aVenus is maleMorning and/or Evening Star is a male personage
j15Woman gets to dangerous creaturesWalking in search of her husband, boyfriend, kinsmen, shelter woman or girl gets to the house of dangerous creatures where she is injured or killed
j42Waters split apartWhen person comes to the water body, waters are split apart so the person reaches the other bank walking on the dry ground
j46Enemy drownsAntagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body
k10Fight with the monstrous birdMonstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it
k100A faithful servantA man gets to know about dangers that threaten another man (and often about turning into stone of anybody who would warn about these dangers). He helps the man to escape the dangers though his behavior seems strange or hostile
k100gThe son must be sacrificedTo revive or to cure his friend (rare: himself) or to fulfill a vow person is ready to sacrifice his small (young) son (children). The son revives or the supernatural powers are satisfied with the very willingness of the person to commit sacrifice
k103Helpful cowCow (ox, bull) helps an orphan child or a young woman who got into trouble
k119Animal helper marries a poor boy to a princessTo make a poor man rich (usually to marry him to a rich girl or to marry a poor girl to a prince), an animal makes other people believe that the groom is rich already. The man becomes prosperous indeed
k120aThe averted incest (sister and brother)A man is going to marry his sister (often puts certain condition on his future marriage, only his sister complies with them). The girl gets to escape
k120a2Not my mother but my mother-in-lawMembers of the girl’s family want to marry her to a man who should not be her marriage partner (usually it is her own brother). They ask her to name them as her in-laws or the girl herself tells that they are not anymore her mother, sister, etc. but her mother-in-law, sister-in-law, etc. or her worst enemies
k1fConflict because of a womanA man maroons another because of jealousy or because he plans to take hold of his wife
k2The destroyed ladderHero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n1Task-giver is a king or a chiefPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero and/or person who demands the fulfillment of certain conditions from those who want to marry his daughter is a prominent figure in social hierarchy. He is a head of the socio-political unit of community or super-community level and is neither a member of the hero’s household nor a mythical being
k28Father or uncle is rival and enemyMaternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him
k32The false wifeAn ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.
k48Singing bird of the heroAn antagonist wants that a wonderful bird of the hero sing but it remains mute or cries differently. The bird begins to sing when the hero triumphs over his adversaries
k56The kind and the unkind girlsOne of (step)sisters, co-spouses or young female neighbors meets a being that is able to reward and to punish. She behaves herself properly and is rewarded. Another (other) girl comes to the same being but behaves in a wrong way and is punished (not rewarded).
k56a4Dog the messengerWhen the kind girl returns home, a dog barks saying that everything is well with her and when the unkind girl returns (or her dead body is brought home), the dog barks that everything is bad
k56a9Helpful mouse rings a bellUsing a bell (drum, etc.) an animal (usually a mouse) produces sounds which the antagonist who is blind or is outdoors takes for the sounds produced by the hero (heroine). Thanks to this the hero escapes
k65bHumans and spiritsSpirits or unpleasant animals (reptiles, worms, etc.) are (often: concealed from the eyes of God or deformed) children or miscarriages of the same human couple or the same primeval ancestor who produced first human beings
k65c2Man and tiger among several sonsA woman or female animal gives birth to several sons, a man and a tiger among them
k75The youngest daughter is willing (The loathsome bridegroom)A girl (usually the youngest of several sisters) does not reject but marries a poor, sick, dirty, old, too young, non-human, etc. man who later demonstrates his supernatural qualities
k76A strange sonA boy born into a family or found by his adoptive parents has a strange guise (ball of meat, nut, bag, half of a man, an animal). He possesses magic power, becomes a handsome man and usually marries a girl of high social status. The magic spouse of a princess originally has a non-human or monstrous appearance
k76bSnake son and snake husband An (adoptive) son is a snake who turns into handsome man. The snake is the magic spouse of princess, lost and returned
k76hMagic bridegroom threatens the girl’s father with disastersA youth who temporally has a strange or monstrous guise wants to marry a princess but is rejected. He threatens the princess’ father with disasters after which the king agrees to give him his daughter
k80Repetitive reincarnationPerson (usually a young woman) turns into different objects or creatures which another person destroys one by one. However, the person is reincarnated again and again and ultimately acquires her or his original form
l103Obstacle flight (Atalanta type)Treasure, or the like, is thrown back to tempt pursuer to delay
l104Fugitive and pursuer change guisesA fugitive turns in succession into different animals or objects. A pursuer does the same, every time becoming an animal or a person who is dangerous for the fugitive in his given guise
l15dThe external soulLife of a person or creature is preserved outside of his (her, its) body. Person or creature dies after the corresponding object is destroyed
l15iLife in hairsA man dies or loses his strength (or pretends that it is so) if (some) hair on his head is cut off
l37aTo get know causes of problems
l37bSecrets accidentally overheardPerson accidentally overhears secrets of animals or demons and thus gets to know the causes of his and other people's misfortunes
l39Hero is compelled to descend from a treeWhen a person climbs a tree, a demon comes to it and carries the person away, or the person follows the demon to his world by his own will
l39bThe doughnut treeA tree grows from a doughnut (scone etc.) and usually brings doughnuts instead of fruits
l39cQuickly grown fruit treeA boy (rare: girl) climbs a fruit tree that is recently grown up (usually from a seed thrown by the boy) to eat fruits. An ogress tries to make him (her) descend to the ground
l39dTo pass an apple from hand to handA boy climbs a tree to eat fruits. A demon asks him to share the fruits with her (him) but not to throw them to the ground but give them from hand to hand. The demon grabs the boy and carries him away
l41Hero escapes on the wayAn ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house
l41aStone in basketHero escapes from the demon's basket or bag letting stone (a piece of wood, some sand) instead of him
l42Hero carried to ogre’s homeAn ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes
l42bCredulous children of the ogreAn ogre's child or (rare) wife believes in what hero tells him (or her) and releases him. Usually the hero kills the child and puts its meat to cook in the very pot where the ogre planned to cook the hero
l42eCaught againAn ogre catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way. The ogre comes back, this time carries the person to his home. Or the ogre catches a group of children, most of them escape on the way, one is brought to the ogre's place
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l72aComb becomes a thicketRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws a comb (a brush) that turns into mighty obstacle (usually a thicket) on the way of the pursuer. (In South America the motif is probably of European origin)
l73a1Obstacle flight: fog createdFugitive throws an object behind himself and thus creates fog or darkness in front of pursuer
l93cHelpful monkeyCunning monkey saves person, helps him or her
l98Cannibal owlDangerous cannibal or bush spirit who abducts children, attacks people, etc. is associated with an owl
m29oTrickster is a monkeyIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is a monkey
m91bThe sold ashesUsing trick, a man sells or exchanges for treasure ashes. Another person tries to sell ashes and is ridiculed


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Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Lepcha
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Mindanao: Blaan (Bilaan), Bagobo, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Hiligáynon, Binukid, Magindaan (=Magindanao: main Muslim population), Mandaya, Mansaka, Manobo (Agusan, Ata, Dibabawon, Sarangani, Ilianen), Maranao, Subanon (=Subanun), Subanen, Tboli
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Ot Danum, Ngaju, Maanyan (Ma'anyan)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Northern Munda of Kharwar branch: Birhor, Ho, Mundari, Kol, Asur (including Agaria, Kol, Birjhia), Bhumij
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kuki, Chiru, Falam (Hallam), Chin (Meitei =Manipuri, Khami, =Kumi), Lakher, Mizo (Lushei), Anal, Pawi (Lai), Purum, Koireng, Milhiem, Kolhen, Mru
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Lisu, Achang, Taunyo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kets
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Sinhalese; Vedda
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Pomo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Maldives

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Russian Pomors (“seasiders): Arkhangelsk province without its southern part (Shengur district and Konosha dstrict), Karelia White Sea coast
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Lithuanians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Russians: Southern part of ethnic territory as in A.D. 1500 (Belgorod, Voronezh, Tambov, Penza, Lipetsk, Orel, Kursk, Bryansk provinces; in case of absence in other areas also Russians in Samara, Simbirsk and Saratov provinces)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tajik
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Dards (Kalash, Kho, Kohistani, Shina, Pashai)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Rajasthani (Radjasthan and Madhya Pradesh)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Russians: Central part of Russian ethnic territory as in A.D. 1500: Tver, Yaroslavl, Moscow, Kostroma, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, Tula, Kaluga, eastern part of Smolensk provinces (most of Smolensk province is Belorussian ethnic territory)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Mari (Cheremis)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Yagnobi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Highland Tajik