Ot Danum, Ngaju, Maanyan (Ma'anyan)



Tradition title rus: 
Нгаджу, отданум (юго-центральный Борнео), мааньян (ЮВ Борнео)
Areal ID: 
6.4.4.1
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
84.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
50.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a14Eclipses: relations between the Sun and the MoonComing together of the Sun and the Moon is the reason of their eclipses
a14aThe conflict between the Sun and the MoonThe Sun and the Moon are or were enemies, either permanently or in particular situations
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b43aPerson created from many objectsA person or creature is created from several different materials or objects or from material brought from different places
b5bThe universal motherWoman (alone or with her companion) gives birth to or creates not only people but also different creatures and objects
b77Primeval sky close to earthOriginally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up
b77aGiant pushed the sky upOne or several (animal)-persons push sky up to its present height
e32People born from treesFirst people are born by trees or come out of a tree, flower, reed
e35Webbed fingersFirst people or people made by Creator's rival were imperfect, not completely anthropomorphic (often: had webbed fingers)
e36Hard covering of the bodyHuman body was or could be protected with a hard layer (rare: with hair) but it has been preserved only on fingers and toes (on the head)
e5bFirst couple from the underworldFirst man (a group of brothers) or first human couple come out from the underworld (a cave) or from a small enclosure on its surface (tussock, reed, tree, rock, gourd)
e5cPeople from the skyThe first people or first anthropomorphic divine beings descend to earth from the sky.
g13bFungi as a false foodBefore acquisition of cultivated plants people ate fungi. Fingi is a food of non-human beings. Fungi is a false food of inferior quality
g13cBad food of the pre-agricultural epochBefore the cultivated plants or edible wild plants become known, people ate (decomposed) wood, bark, mud, stones, fungi
g21Coconut palm from a human headCoconut palm grows out of the human head
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
g23aAlive being turns into plantsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different plants, mostly edible or cultivated
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h13Dead person is returned and revivesPerson comes to the land of the dead and brings back somebody who has recently died or brings his remains. The dead one becomes alive and lives normal life (for some time)
h24Container opened too earlyContainer with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear
h28Plagues from the body of a person or creatureKilled and destroyed (often burned) person or creature (usually ogre, fierce animal, powerful shaman) turns into a multitude of biting insects or into other small molesting creatures
h34dPiece of sky bitten offAnimal person climbs (or attempts to climb) to the sky or to the Moon to bite off a piece of it
h34d1Edible skySky or sky objects were edible but later this source of food became inaccessible or used only by the inhabitants of the distant land where the sky and the earth meet
h36bDeath and the chameleonChameleon is responsible for introduction of permanent death or hard life; loses object that the deity trusted him to bring to the earth
h42Creator goes away for a whileAfter creating the bodies of the first people or after getting a conception how to do it the Creator goes away for a while. During his absence another person, because of his or her ignorance or intentionally, spoils the creation or makes himself or herself what the Creator would make in a better way. Usually because of this people are mortal and subject to diseases
h43One creates the body, another the soulOne supernatural creates the body of the first people, another revives them
h50Sky god and mistress of the deadA couple of deities or ancestors divorces. Man remains on earth or ascends to the sky, woman becomes the mistress of the dead or of the underworld
h6aPeople and plantsMortal humans are contrasted with (almost) immortal trees that shed their bark, become green again after winter sleep or propagate by sprouts
h6bThe life-medicine spilled on plantsThe life-medicine is accidentally spilled not on men but on plants which become evergreen, capable for regeneration or producing fruits
h9Strong and weakPeople are mortal because they have been likened to something subject to decay and easy destruction (e.g. to the soft wood and not to the stone)
i12The world axisA tree or post pierces and unites different layers of the universe
i124Ursa major is a boatUrsa major is a boat
i125The Hiades are a jaw-boneThe Hyades are a jaw bone or a head of a big animal or anthropomorphic creature
i130The sky netOne of costellations is a hunting or fishing net, trap, snare
i43aThe celestial monsterGiant reptilian monster (serpent, more rare fish, chain of fish) extends in the sky and/or supports the sky being associated with Milky Way or the rainbow
i64Milky Way is a trace of animalsMilky Way is a trace of big animals who were walking or running along it
j21Birth from eggsGods, first people or founders of the royal lineages are born from eggs
j44The broken bridgePerson or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice
j46Enemy drownsAntagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body
j54The last female survivesAnimals of particular species that were enemies of the heroes are exterminated besides the only pregnant female (rare a female and a male). Thanks to this, these animals still exist
j56Father tests his sonsTwin heroes (or one boy) come to their divine father. He puts them under trials to get know if they are really his children and possess supernatural power
j58The arrow ladderPersons shoot arrows (darts) which hit each other’s end forming a chain (rope, ladder). Persons climb by this chain to the sky or (rare) across an obstacle
j59Following arrow to get to the skyTo climb to the sky, person must first to shoot an arrow that reaches the sky and sticks to it
k10Fight with the monstrous birdMonstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it
k112Farm-hand revenges on the SunA poor man condemns the Sun and other supernatural personages responsible for weather, wild animals, etc. that because of them he lost his property. He finds them and punishes them
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27hhTo sort grainA task: to sort a large amount or small particles of different kind (usually seeds of different plants) mixed in container or to count such particles or to pick up the spilled grains
k27n3aTask-giver is the Sun, Moon, Thunder, or WindPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero is associated with the Sun, Moon, Thunder, or Wind (Cloud, Rain)
k27sContest: a raceContest: a race
k65Genii lociBeing thrown out, put into certain places, born by primeval couple some beings turn into spirits of particular loci
k65aSpirits fall from the skyBeing thrown down (usually from the sky), some beings get to different places and turn into spirits or animals with particular functions and names
k65bHumans and spiritsSpirits or unpleasant animals (reptiles, worms, etc.) are (often: concealed from the eyes of God or deformed) children or miscarriages of the same human couple or the same primeval ancestor who produced first human beings
k65dWrong marriage ritual and the birth of spiritsThe primeval couple is married. First wife has miscarriages or gives birth to spirits, worms or other unpleasant animals. Later, usually after the proper marriage ceremony is organized, she becomes to give birth to real human beings or gods
l112Complete body obtainedA boy is born having only half of a body or only a head. Ultimately he obtains normal body
l13The reared up monsterA small creature is reared up by people. When it is grown up, it becomes harmful and dangerous
l14Reared up serpentA small creature (often a worm or a reptile) is brought home and reared up or it becomes to live by itself in an artificial body of water. When big, it goes out of human control or becomes something huge and/or dangerous. Cf. motif L13A (The reared up monster attacks people)
l23ProteusPerson gets hold of another. Trying to free himself, the latter turns into different materials, elements, animals or (Urarina and Setebo) orders different dangerous creature to attack the person
l23eMetamorphosis of the caught male personBeing seized by a person, a male person turns into different materials, elements or animals
l28The snake-eaterPerson who have eaten a prohibited meat or fish turns into monstrous snake or fish
l40Reflection and shadowPerson discovers (rare:still fails to discover) another getting to see his or her shadow or reflection in water
l5cRolling head is a dangerous monsterRolling head is a dangerous mobster (pursues celestial bodies, people etc.)
l6Demon clings to personA demonic being demands that a person would carry it permanently, clings to his shoulder or back
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l72aComb becomes a thicketRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws a comb (a brush) that turns into mighty obstacle (usually a thicket) on the way of the pursuer. (In South America the motif is probably of European origin)
l85One-sided peopleOne-sided people have one leg and/or also one arm, one half of a head, etc. The second leg is not cut or burned off, preserved as a stump but is absent completely
l85aOne-sided childPerson is born as half of a child or loses his or her half in an accident. The person does not belong to any category of supernatural beings and usually turns into normal girl or young man
l85b1After coming to the sky, the lad gets a normal bodyA lad with incomplete or grotesque body becomes normal after coming to the sky (coming to God, getting back to the earth)
m111Monkey on the banana treeAn animal person who can climb trees (usually a monkey) suggests another (a turtle, a crab) to harvest bananas. He climbs the banana, throws down but peels, rotten fruits and the like. His companion revenges on him
m115The eaten up wolfUsing a trick, (animal)-person kills a dangerous animal. Kinsmen and friends of the killed animal get to know about it and come to avenge its death. The person has narrow escape
m183A race: one against manyMany animals of one species that all look identical together fulfill the task that would be impossible for any of them if he were alone; the competitors believe that the task was fulfilled by only one animal. Usually a slow and a fast animals agree to race. The slow one puts other animals of his species at the finish or along the distance, each one answering the fast one that he is ahead of him. The fast one accepts his loss
m187Snail is a participant of the raceA snail (other mollusk, trepang, etc.) participates in the race and wins
m192Trapped in the animal hideAn animal or person who crawled into a fresh carcass or put on a fresh animal skin cannot free himself (usually because the carcass or the skin becomes dry). He gets free when the skin becomes soft again or somebody helps him
m199oMaking a hole in a treeA man and his adversary have a contest to see who can make a (deeper) hole in a tree (stump) with his finger (fist, penis, head). The man cuts the hole beforehand with an instrument and replaces it with a bark or leaves (makes a cut in a tree)
m23Mock pleaPerson or creature pretends to be afraid of a particular sort of treatment that really cannot do him any harm
m29kThe turtle (tortoise, toad, frog) wins thanks to his smartnessBeing smart and persistent, the turtle (toad, frog) overcomes strong adversaries
m29o1The monkey is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the monkey suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29vThe duiker (mouse-deer) wins thanks to his smartnessBeing smart and witty, a small ungulate overcomes strong adversaries. The hero is a duiker, a mouse-deer or other small even-toed ungulates that are not very close biologically but look similar. In some publications on African folklore it is difficult to say what species is meant in particular case
m30Trickster falls downPerson or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return
m30cFlying person falls down after breaking tabooPerson flies across the air but falls down when, despite warning, looks down to earth, flies above villages, becomes to talk, etc.
m30dThe tortoise lets itself be carried by birdsAn animal (usually a tortoise) is carried up into the air by two birds who hold onto a stick which the tortoise holds in its mouth
m38Stupid imitation (all versions)Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food
m39e1The eaten up iron and the kidnapped childA man steals money or property. The owner gets his property back after he or his helper puts the theft in such a position when the best choice for him becomes to return what he has stolen (usually the first man kidnaps a child of the second one)
m39e1aThe iron-eating micePerson claims that iron or gold disappeared being eaten by mice


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Mindanao: Blaan (Bilaan), Bagobo, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Hiligáynon, Binukid, Magindaan (=Magindanao: main Muslim population), Mandaya, Mansaka, Manobo (Agusan, Ata, Dibabawon, Sarangani, Ilianen), Maranao, Subanon (=Subanun), Subanen, Tboli
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Dinka, Atuot, Nuer
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Hausa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Lepcha
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Papua–NewGuinea Highland Papuans:Trans New Guinea & unclassified:Chimbu,Gimi,KaugelHuli,Gadsup,Kuman,Kutubu,Foi (Foe),Kyaka,Kamano (Kafe),Mawatta,Kukukuku (=Anga,=Sambia;Manki,Nauti,Ejuti),Baruya,Kewa,Tembregak,Menya,Melpa,Wiru,Pondoma
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Timor: Amarasi, Tetum, Meto, Atoni (incl Mollo), Kédang (Lomblen island), Leti Islands (Leti, Moa, Lakor)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Guiana Kariña, Kaliña, Galibi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Locono
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Trans-New Guinea and unclassified Papuan groups of Irian Jaya: Mejprat, Arandai-Bintuni, Inanwatan-Berau, Papua of Gelvink (Cenderawasih) Bay, Kamoró, Marind Anim, Sawi, Mafore; Korowai; Kwerba; Momina, Eipo, Yale, Awyu, Muyu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Mordvins

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Sangir Islands
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Northern Halmahera Papuans: Galela, Loda, Pagu, Modole, Tabaru (Tobaru), Tobelo, Tidore, Ternate
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Mindanao: Blaan (Bilaan), Bagobo, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Hiligáynon, Binukid, Magindaan (=Magindanao: main Muslim population), Mandaya, Mansaka, Manobo (Agusan, Ata, Dibabawon, Sarangani, Ilianen), Maranao, Subanon (=Subanun), Subanen, Tboli
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Simeulue, Nias
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Roti
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Malagasy
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Central islands and Bikol: Visaya, Mansaká, Bikol, Mangyan, Panayan, Sulod, Cebuano (Cebu), Capiz, Romblomanon, Manuyu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Southern Luzon: Pampango, Pangacian, Sambal, Tagal, Tayabas; Calamian
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Bidayuh (incl. Maloh), Iban (Sea Dayak), Sakarram; Brunei
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Mon