Guiana Kariña, Kaliña, Galibi



Tradition title rus: 
Каринья Гвианы; калинья, галиби
Areal ID: 
15.2.3.6
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
169.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
94.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a4


Name_eng: 
Female sun
Description: 

The Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female




Motif

a5


Name_eng: 
The Sun and the Moon are males
Description: 

The Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual




Motif

a12


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: monster’s attack
Description: 

Some creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light




Motif

a12c


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: reptiles and fish
Description: 

During an eclipse or at the sunset the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a reptile (a snake, a lizard, a dragon, a crocodile) or a fish




Motif

a14


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: relations between the Sun and the Moon
Description: 

Coming together of the Sun and the Moon is the reason of their eclipses




Motif

a15


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: crossing of the paths
Description: 

The lunar (and solar) eclipse or spots on the lunar disc are expained by the fact that the Sun or the Moon came to a wrong path or that their paths crossed




Motif

a32


Name_eng: 
Figure on lunar disc
Description: 

A figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)




Motif

a32d


Name_eng: 
Man in the Moon
Description: 

Human being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon




Motif

b9


Name_eng: 
Water in the tree trunk
Description: 

There is enormous amount of water inside a trunk of a tree or a tree turns into water




Motif

b18


Name_eng: 
Light in container
Description: 

Day light (also warmth, the sun, the moon) is kept as a particular object in a container, under a cover, etc.




Motif

b19


Name_eng: 
The night and the married life
Description: 

People had trouble making love before night came into being




Motif

b27


Name_eng: 
Variants of transformations
Description: 

Persons ponders over what object, feature, or creature it would be appropriate for him or her to turn into. When the choice is made, the persons transforms himself or herself




Motif

b31


Name_eng: 
Women turn into water mammal
Description: 

A woman (usually after a conflict with a man or remaining alone) or a man and a woman (married couple, lovers, brother and sister) turn into water mammals




Motif

b36


Name_eng: 
Creatures acquire their physical traits
Description: 

Birds, fish, reptiles, mammals intentionally or by chance are smeared with colorful substances or divide among themselves parts of somebody's body thus acquiring their present characteristics




Motif

b42


Name_eng: 
Cosmic hunt
Description: 

Certain stars or constellations are interpreted as hunters, their dogs and game that the hunters pursue




Motif

b42d


Name_eng: 
Sky hunters pursue a tapir
Description: 

In the cosmic hunt tale the game pursued by the hunters is a tapir




Motif

b42k


Name_eng: 
Cosmic hunt and the Pleiades
Description: 

In the cosmic hunt tale either hunters or game is identified with the Pleiades




Motif

b42n


Name_eng: 
Orion is one person
Description: 

Constellation of Orion or the Belt of Orion is identified with only one male person, usually with a warrior or hunter




Motif

b59


Name_eng: 
A group of dancers ascends to the sky
Description: 

A group of people (usually children, brothers or sisters) play, dance, ascend to the sky and turn into Pleiades or other compact constellation




Motif

b60


Name_eng: 
Offended children abandon parents
Description: 

Children conflict with their parents who do not pay them enough attention, condemn their sexual behavior, do not give them enough food, clothes, etc.; the children abandon their parents and become birds, bats, atmospheric phenomena, or stars (usually the Pleiades)




Motif

b62


Name_eng: 
Buzzard husband
Description: 

Man thinks that buzzard or hawk has better life than he. They exchange clothes. The bird lives with the man's wife as her husband, the man usually does not enjoy his bird life




Motif

c4


Name_eng: 
The flood: fruits fall from a tree
Description: 

During the flood or in the beginning of times fruits, seeds or other objects are dropped into water one by one, usually by a person who has climbed a tree. As far as the objects fall, water recedes and the dry land appears




Motif

c12b


Name_eng: 
People descend from a dog
Description: 

In the beginning of time or after the flood man marries a bitch. Present people descend from them.




Motif

d1b


Name_eng: 
Male spirit of fire
Description: 

The fire is personified as an elder man (alone or with his wife, mistress of fire)




Motif

e5c


Name_eng: 
People from the sky
Description: 

The first people or first anthropomorphic divine beings descend to earth from the sky.




Motif

e6


Name_eng: 
Because of a woman worlds become isolated
Description: 

When a woman of the child-bearing age tries to come from one world to another (e.g. from sky to earth), the communication between the worlds is blocked or broken forever




Motif

e7


Name_eng: 
Person stuck in a cosmic hole
Description: 

To descend from the sky, ascend from the underworld or come out of the cave, people must pass through narrow hole. A person is stuck in the hole blocking forever communication between different parts of the universe




Motif

e9


Name_eng: 
The mysterious housekeeper
Description: 

Person observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one




Motif

e9d


Name_eng: 
Dog-wife
Description: 

Man marries a girl who initially has guise of a dog




Motif

e9f


Name_eng: 
Parrot-wife
Description: 

Man maries parrot- or parakeet-woman




Motif

e11


Name_eng: 
The burned skin
Description: 

Magic person reveals his true nature and/or remains with the real people after the object responsible for preserving the non-human appearance (usually an animal skin) is destroyed (usually burned)




Motif

e18


Name_eng: 
Snakes and containers
Description: 

People learn how to decorate ceramics or baskets (usually learn decorated patterns) thanks to a water creature




Motif

e20


Name_eng: 
Fish poison person
Description: 

Entering water, certain person makes fish die. From parts of his body or from his grave grows plant used to prepare fish poison (timbo)




Motif

f18b


Name_eng: 
Long penis after prohibited sex
Description: 

After contact with a non-human or prohibited partner (close kin, animal, spirit) man's penis becomes so long that he had to carry it in a basket, etc.




Motif

f27


Name_eng: 
Girls and the water spirits
Description: 

For girls and young women it is dangerous to come near water. Water creatures swallow them or drag away; a girl can die or become pregnant from a spirit; she can trigger a flood (rare: other cataclysm). Water spirits can come themselves to a girl who has her periods




Motif

f30


Name_eng: 
Snake paramour
Description: 

A woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man




Motif

f31


Name_eng: 
The snake egg
Description: 

Girl or woman is imperceptibly impregnated by snake when the content of a broken egg of a snake flows into her vagina or when she touches a dead snake




Motif

f34


Name_eng: 
Land animal paramour
Description: 

Certain woman or a group of women takes for a paramour a big land animal. Husbands, brothers or (adoptive) children kill or maim paramour and (sometimes) the woman




Motif

f35


Name_eng: 
Feeding with the paramour’s meat
Description: 

Person feeds another with the meat of his or her sexual partner who cooks or eats it without knowing whose meat it is




Motif

f38


Name_eng: 
Women and sacred knowledge
Description: 

Women were possessors of the sacred knowledge, sanctuaries or ritual objects which are now taboo for them or they made attempts to acquire such a knowledge or objects




Motif

f42


Name_eng: 
The men abandon the women
Description: 

The men feel themselves offended by the women and abandon them




Motif

f43


Name_eng: 
The women disappear
Description: 

The women of the ancestral community kill or abandon the men




Motif

f44


Name_eng: 
Women and men separate
Description: 

The women and the men of the primeval community quarrel and abandon each other




Motif

f45


Name_eng: 
The Amazons
Description: 

There are (or were) women who live apart from men in their own village or villages




Motif

f50


Name_eng: 
The often-born children
Description: 

Child or children come out of mother's womb and return back




Motif

f58


Name_eng: 
Trickster and women
Description: 

A man cohabits with a group of women (or with several women in succession) concealing his identity and/or intentions. He is either eventually exposed and punished by women or escapes to continue his tricks




Motif

f86


Name_eng: 
Conditional signal
Description: 

Person summons with a certain signal a non-human being (usually his or her sexual partner or his or her protégé). Another person spies, uses the same signal or pronounces the same words and kills the being who comes to him (or uses this being sexually himself)




Motif

g5


Name_eng: 
Food tree
Description: 

Fruits and shoots of different cultivated plants grow on the branches of one tree (on one vine) or certain plant has a tree form that is alien to it in nature




Motif

g6


Name_eng: 
Primeval tree
Description: 

One of the trees is the principal, original one (emerged before all the other; ancestor of wild or cultivated plants; ocean or rivers inside it; world axis; higher than all the others; overshadows sky)




Motif

g10


Name_eng: 
The hanging tree
Description: 

A tree which trunk is cut through do not fall because it is hold from above




Motif

g11


Name_eng: 
Squirrel the woodcutter
Description: 

A squirrel plays crucial role in felling the gigantic tree




Motif

g20


Name_eng: 
Woman turns into plants
Description: 

Food crops emerge from remains of a woman or girl




Motif

g22


Name_eng: 
Frog or toad and plants
Description: 

Frog or toad is related to acquisition of cultivated plants




Motif

g23


Name_eng: 
Alive being turns into many objects
Description: 

Person or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)




Motif

h4


Name_eng: 
The shed skin
Description: 

Those who change their skin become young again




Motif

h5


Name_eng: 
People and snakes
Description: 

Reptiles or invertebrates possess the medicine of immortality; are contrasted with men as immortal with mortals and/or are responsible for originating of death; or a snake's bite inflicts the first death




Motif

h9


Name_eng: 
Strong and weak
Description: 

People are mortal because they have been likened to something subject to decay and easy destruction (e.g. to the soft wood and not to the stone)




Motif

h11


Name_eng: 
The call of God
Description: 

People become mortal because they do not hear or answer a call of a being who promises them immortality (or do not pronounce his name) or answer a call (pronouns the name) of a being who brings death




Motif

h12


Name_eng: 
The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s death
Description: 

The alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks




Motif

h29


Name_eng: 
Origin of foreigners
Description: 

A woman is impregnated by an animal, usually by a snake. People of hostile nation originate or receive their culture from her progeny or from her paramour's relatives




Motif

i3


Name_eng: 
Weapon of Thunder
Description: 

The lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being




Motif

i14


Name_eng: 
No-anus people
Description: 

Person or creature has no anus opening




Motif

i24


Name_eng: 
A snake bridge
Description: 

Snake, lizard or worm is a bridge or a rope over the river




Motif

i27


Name_eng: 
Chthonic canine
Description: 

A dog is the lord, guard or guide of/to the land of the dead; or dogs live on the way to the land of the dead




Motif

i41


Name_eng: 
Rainbow serpent
Description: 

Rainbow is a reptile (usually a snake) or (more rare) a fish, or it is related to snake, to its tongue, breath, or to scorpion's tail




Motif

i62


Name_eng: 
Milky Way is a river
Description: 

Milky Way is a sky river, water body, chain of beings that swim




Motif

i63


Name_eng: 
Milky Way is a path of tapir
Description: 

Milky Way is a path of tapir, or tapir is seen in the Milky Way




Motif

i72


Name_eng: 
Stars are people
Description: 

Stars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)




Motif

i82b


Name_eng: 
Venus is female
Description: 

Morning and/or Evening Star is a female personage




Motif

i82c


Name_eng: 
Venus is the Moon’s wife
Description: 

Venus or some other bright star seen near the eastern or western horizon is female and wife of the Moon




Motif

i83


Name_eng: 
The sky of birds
Description: 

Birds, first of all vultures and eagles, live in the sky, usually at one or more layers of the upper world




Motif

i99


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are boys or men
Description: 

The Pleiades are a group of boys or men, or a group of different people but predominantly males




Motif

i100


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are girls
Description: 

The Pleiades are a group of girls or women (with children)




Motif

i100b


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are a group of people
Description: 

The Pleiades are any people (of any ages and sex, combined data of i99-i100a)




Motif

i106


Name_eng: 
Ursa major is a person
Description: 

Ursa major is only one anthropomorphic being, not several persons




Motif

i108


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are a person
Description: 

The Pleiades are only one anthropomorphic being, not several persons




Motif

i115a


Name_eng: 
Orion and the Pleiades as a man and women
Description: 

Orion and the Pleiades are opposed as a man or men and a woman or women. Orion is usually male




Motif

i124


Name_eng: 
Ursa major is a boat
Description: 

Ursa major is a boat




Motif

i125


Name_eng: 
The Hiades are a jaw-bone
Description: 

The Hyades are a jaw bone or a head of a big animal or anthropomorphic creature




Motif

j9


Name_eng: 
Unborn children talk from the womb
Description: 

A woman is in search of her husband or other person or object. Her unborn children speak from her stomach and shows her the correct way




Motif

j11


Name_eng: 
Unborn child asks to pick up some flowers
Description: 

A quarrel between a mother and her sons in her womb flares up after they ask her to pick up flowers or fruits (usually the insect bites her when she picks flowers up)




Motif

j15


Name_eng: 
Woman gets to dangerous creatures
Description: 

Walking in search of her husband, boyfriend, kinsmen, shelter woman or girl gets to the house of dangerous creatures where she is injured or killed




Motif

j15a


Name_eng: 
Woman gets to jaguars
Description: 

Setting off (usually in search of her husband, boyfriend or kinsmen), woman gets to the place of dangerous felines




Motif

j15b


Name_eng: 
Woman gets to a toad
Description: 

Setting off (usually in search of her husband, boyfriend or kinsmen), woman gets to the place of female toad or frog




Motif

j35


Name_eng: 
Helpful tree-frog
Description: 

A tree-frog kills or neutralizes dangerous person or creature who chases heroes




Motif

j44


Name_eng: 
The broken bridge
Description: 

Person or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice




Motif

k8a


Name_eng: 
Jonah: swallowed by monster
Description: 

Person gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)




Motif

k12


Name_eng: 
Woman is lost and returned
Description: 

By trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back




Motif

k13a


Name_eng: 
Person with cut off leg ascends to the sky
Description: 

Person's leg (rare: both legs) is cut, torn, bitten off, injured. He (rare: she) ascends to the sky: to the Moon; turns into the Moon, Sun, star, constellation; blood from the injured leg makes the sky red




Motif

k26


Name_eng: 
A hole in the firmament
Description: 

Finding a hole in the ground or making it, person gets to see below another world. Usually the earth is seen from the sky




Motif

k27h


Name_eng: 
To represent the head that is permanently concealed
Description: 

The hero has to carve the representa-tion of the head of a person who never opens his face. Usually such a representation decorates the wooden bench




Motif

k27n


Name_eng: 
Difficult tasks of the in-laws
Description: 

A man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage




Motif

l3


Name_eng: 
Husband turns into demon
Description: 

A demon takes appearance of a man and comes to his wife or (rare) to other woman. The woman (alone or with her child) runs away and/or kills the monster (herself or with somebody's help)




Motif

l9a


Name_eng: 
Sharp leg
Description: 

Person's leg is injured intentionally or by chance. The loss of one leg does not bother him. He uses the sharpened bone as a thrust weapon




Motif

l11


Name_eng: 
Turtle-bench
Description: 

In a non-human world objects of everyday life have appearance of animals and monsters, mainly fish, amphibians and reptiles




Motif

l20


Name_eng: 
Eater of the raw meat
Description: 

Two persons hunt or fish. One of them is or becomes a cannibal. He or she reveals his or her nature eating the quarry raw




Motif

l20a


Name_eng: 
Eater of parrots
Description: 

A man climbs a tree, throws down bird nestlings to a woman. She eats them raw and then kills or tries to kill the man




Motif

l22


Name_eng: 
The sound sleep
Description: 

After breaking some taboo, coming across a strange object or person, people fall asleep. They do not feel when at night spirits come and injure or kill them




Motif

l22a


Name_eng: 
People become blind
Description: 

After breaking some taboo, coming across a strange object or person, people fall asleep and awake blind




Motif

l24


Name_eng: 
Monsters suffocated
Description: 

Demons (or one of them) attack people and return to their den (usually a cave or tree hollow). People make suffocating fire around the den killing most or all of the demons




Motif

l27


Name_eng: 
Girl eaten up
Description: 

Two girls or young women meet a demon. One or both are not aware of danger. One is eaten up, another escapes




Motif

l29


Name_eng: 
Fish from a forest pool
Description: 

Person catches fish in a place where it ought not live, i.e. in a forest pond or in a tree hollow isolated from other water bodies. After eating he dies, is transformed and/or attacked by monsters




Motif

l34


Name_eng: 
The burning hair
Description: 

Person kills or injures his enemy putting fire on his or her straw costume, mask, headgear, hair or object on his or her back




Motif

l38


Name_eng: 
Demon’s trap
Description: 

A demon puts a trap to catch people, hero gets into it




Motif

l39


Name_eng: 
Hero is compelled to descend from a tree
Description: 

When a person climbs a tree, a demon comes to it and carries the person away, or the person follows the demon to his world by his own will




Motif

l41


Name_eng: 
Hero escapes on the way
Description: 

An ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house




Motif

l42


Name_eng: 
Hero carried to ogre’s home
Description: 

An ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes




Motif

l44a


Name_eng: 
Give me your liver
Description: 

A man hides in a shelter. An ogre wants him to give certain parts of his body. The man gives the ogre instead parts of the body of a killed animal. The ogre does not understand the deceit, gives in response parts of his own body and dies




Motif

l45


Name_eng: 
Duped watchman
Description: 

An ogre or a stronger animal catches a man or a weaker animal or drives him into a small enclosure and goes away for a time leaving a watchman. The hero dupes the watchman, escapes. (Most, though hardly all American cases can have post-Columbian African origin)




Motif

l46


Name_eng: 
Head downward
Description: 

Person ascends, descends, walks head downward or sees the world upside down




Motif

l48


Name_eng: 
Demons devour their comrades
Description: 

A man kills (usually in a tree, on a rock, at the edge of a well, of a precipice) and/or throws down one of his enemies. The other enemies do not recognize their comrade and think that their prey is falling down




Motif

l72


Name_eng: 
The obstacle flight
Description: 

Running away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer




Motif

l78


Name_eng: 
Toad-jaguar
Description: 

Mixed traits of toad and jaguar in iconography; a toad or frog transforms into a jaguar; a toad or frog is a jaguar's mother or wife




Motif

l84


Name_eng: 
Unfit axes
Description: 

Bush spirits and the like try to cut down a tree. The attempt fails because their axes are good for nothing being made of turtle shells, clay, etc.




Motif

m5


Name_eng: 
Provoked insult
Description: 

Being in a situation when his life depends on a good will of a demon or animal, person either resists or does not resist the temptation to insult or to beat, bite, etc. the latter




Motif

m8


Name_eng: 
Breaking the obstacle
Description: 

Non-human persons work hard to destroy a strong and durable obstacle that blocks access to some place or object




Motif

m14a


Name_eng: 
Roasted alive
Description: 

To revenge on his wife and her kinsfolk, a man roasts her alive




Motif

m18


Name_eng: 
Stolen arrows and hooks
Description: 

Person transforms himself into an object of hunting or fishing, provokes hunters of fishermen to catch or shoot him and carries way the tools that they use (arrows, darts, harpoons, hooks, baits). Or he fishes by turning himself into a hook. Or he is caught but escapes turning back into a person




Motif

m18b


Name_eng: 
Getting fishing hook or harpoon
Description: 

Person turns into a fish to steal fishing hook or harpoon or he turns into fishing hook to catch a fish




Motif

m28


Name_eng: 
Icarus (failed attempt to fly on artificial wings)
Description: 

Acquiring possibility to fly, person ultimately falls to the ground or remains in a faraway place being unable to fly any more




Motif

m29l


Name_eng: 
Trickster is an opossum
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is an opossum




Motif

m29qq


Name_eng: 
Trickster is an anteater
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is an anteater




Motif

m29w


Name_eng: 
Jaguar (ocelote, puma) is a failure
Description: 

Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the jaguar (ocelote, puma) suffers a reverse, is injured or dies




Motif

m30


Name_eng: 
Trickster falls down
Description: 

Person or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return




Motif

m38


Name_eng: 
Stupid imitation (all versions)
Description: 

Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food




Motif

m38a1


Name_eng: 
Imitating wife’s kinfolk
Description: 

Person imitates actions of his son- or brothers-in-law or (among Comox and Halcomelem) of his wives




Motif

m42


Name_eng: 
Eyes: taken out of orbits and lost
Description: 

Person loses his eyes because of his playfulness or negligence. He makes new eyes of some substance or/and takes eyes of another person




Motif

m42a


Name_eng: 
Eyes of berries
Description: 

Person (usually after losing his own eyes), makes new eyes of berries and is able to see again




Motif

m42b


Name_eng: 
Eyes of gum
Description: 

Person loses his eyes, makes new ones of gum and is able to see again (though usually not well)




Motif

m43


Name_eng: 
Doll as a decoy
Description: 

To kill or catch a monster, human figure of wood or clay or alive woman is exposed as a bait. Usually monster's claws or sharp leg get stuck in the wood




Motif

m52


Name_eng: 
Butchered carcass
Description: 

A small animal (not a predator) or a weak person kills a big game. He asks another (animal-)person to skin or butcher the carcass. The latter is willing but takes or tries to take all the meat for himself




Motif

m73


Name_eng: 
Exchanged excrements or vomits: who is stronger
Description: 

Two (animal) persons compare their feces or vomits to know about the diet and habits of each other (who is the strongest). The weaker one gets to exchange the feces (vomits)




Motif

m94


Name_eng: 
Sliding downhill
Description: 

One person or animal suggests another to slide downhill to kill or harm him or her




Motif

m107


Name_eng: 
Turtle bites penis off
Description: 

A smaller animal kills or maims a big mammal (jaguar, tapir) biting his penis




Motif

m115


Name_eng: 
The eaten up wolf
Description: 

Using a trick, (animal)-person kills a dangerous animal. Kinsmen and friends of the killed animal get to know about it and come to avenge its death. The person has narrow escape




Motif

k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)


Name_eng: 
Competitions and difficult tasks
Description: 

Person is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life




Motif

k27f1


Name_eng: 
To build a bridge
Description: 

Person builds a bridge (usually of gold etc.) during a very short time




Motif

k27n3b


Name_eng: 
Task-giver lives in the sky but is not the Sun, Moon, Thunder or Wind
Description: 

Person who gives difficult tasks or tests to the hero or heroine lives in the sky but is not associated with the Sun, Moon, Thunder or Wind




Motif

j6


Name_eng: 
Children of murdered woman grow up with her murderers
Description: 

Pregnant woman is killed (and eaten up). Twins are cut off from her womb. They should be eaten too but survive, live (unrecognized) in the house of the antagonists and revenge on them




Motif

i64


Name_eng: 
Milky Way is a trace of animals
Description: 

Milky Way is a trace of big animals who were walking or running along it




Motif

b2e


Name_eng: 
The male earth
Description: 

The earth or the world as a whole is a male person (alone or together with a female person)




Motif

i43a


Name_eng: 
The celestial monster
Description: 

Giant reptilian monster (serpent, more rare fish, chain of fish) extends in the sky and/or supports the sky being associated with Milky Way or the rainbow




Motif

i54


Name_eng: 
Water creature full of fish
Description: 

Anaconda or a water monster has live fish or animals inside; is father of the fish; all fish emerge from its body




Motif

m29k


Name_eng: 
The turtle (tortoise, toad, frog) wins thanks to his smartness
Description: 

Being smart and persistent, the turtle (toad, frog) overcomes strong adversaries




Motif

m94a1


Name_eng: 
Sliding downhill: animal tricksters
Description: 

Being irresponsible and light-minded, animal person slides downhill and dies or gets into trouble (falls on sharp pole, into the water, etc.)




Motif

k176


Name_eng: 
A man in search of the woman
Description: 

A (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife




Motif

k10


Name_eng: 
Fight with the monstrous bird
Description: 

Monstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it




Motif

m75


Name_eng: 
Valuables taken off the vultures
Description: 

Person attracts and catches the carrion-eaters (usually some birds) and thanks to this obtains valuables retrieves valuables (fire, woman, animals, etc.)




Motif

h12c


Name_eng: 
Orpheus: to return the dead wife
Description: 

Husband follows his dead wife to the other world but is unable to bring her back or succeeds to do it but loses her once again




Motif

f35a


Name_eng: 
Feeding with the kin’s meat
Description: 

Person does not know that he or she eats or cooks the meat of the member of his or her household (blood relation, more rare a spouse or servant) or serves it to his or her friends, or uses her or his bones for everyday needs, or slowly kills him ort her




Motif

l9


Name_eng: 
Sharp body members
Description: 

Body members of a person has the form of cutting or piercing weapon




Motif

m73a


Name_eng: 
Exchanged excrements
Description: 

Two (animal) persons compare their feces (with different purpose). One of them gets to exchange them




Motif

i29


Name_eng: 
Animal’s hole leads to the underworld
Description: 

Person follows an animala through its hole or digs a hole himself and gets into the lower world where the animals who dig holes live




Motif

i117


Name_eng: 
Spider ferries from one world to another
Description: 

Spider person raises the hero to the sky, helps him or her to return back to earth or otherwise helps to overcome the borderlines between worlds




Motif

m11


Name_eng: 
The unclean food
Description: 

Person feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food




Motif

k25e


Name_eng: 
Magic wife is an ancestor
Description: 

All humans, members of a particular ethnic or social group or a ruling dynasty are believed to descend from a mortal man and a woman of supernatural origin




Motif

k25


Name_eng: 
Magic wife
Description: 

A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world




Motif

l135


Name_eng: 
The Traveller
Description: 

Male person leaves his home and gets to unfamiliar places. On his way, he comes across different strange creatures. After all, he returns home or leaves the earth for the other world. (Rather often a long string of episodes breaks off or the story lacks the beginning and does not explain why the hero is travelling)




Motif

b27b


Name_eng: 
Transformation into stars
Description: 

Persons ponders over what object, feature, or creature it would be appropriate for them to turn. When the choice is made, persons turn into stars




Motif

a14a


Name_eng: 
The conflict between the Sun and the Moon
Description: 

The Sun and the Moon are or were enemies, either permanently or in particular situations




Motif

f18a


Name_eng: 
The long penis
Description: 

Penis is so long that he can turn it round his waist or send into a woman who is at a long distance from him. (Only texts considered to describe real events and beings and not anecdotes are included)




Motif

f34b


Name_eng: 
The paramour is not a human being
Description: 

A girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior




Motif

l47


Name_eng: 
Enemy moves backward and dies
Description: 

Hero's enemy ascends a tree or rock head downward or walks backward letting the hero better possibility to kill him or to escape




Motif

b75a


Name_eng: 
Sounds of the time of creation: voice of a person
Description: 

Voice of a person who lived in the bygone times is still heard (most often it is an echo)




Motif

j4a


Name_eng: 
Revenge for the death of the mother
Description: 

A woman is murdered. Her son or children (rare: grandchildren, nephews) revenge for her death




Motif

j1


Name_eng: 
The vengeful heroes
Description: 

Persons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they




Motif

m38a


Name_eng: 
The bungling host
Description: 

Being on a visit to other people or (more often) animals, an (animal)-person sees them act using magic or according to their animal nature. Back at home, he imitates their actions and gets in trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and mostly refer to providing and cooking food




Motif

c4a


Name_eng: 
The flood: survival in a tree
Description: 

During the flood some persons survive in a tree




Motif

k60b


Name_eng: 
Invitation to coffin
Description: 

Person is lured into a trap being invited to lie in a box or a hole to measure it. Being unable to liberate himself from the box etc., the person remains in power of his enemies





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Wayana, Aparai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Paresi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kamayura
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Locono
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Manao, Katawishi (Teffé lake); groups of uncertain affiliation mostly from Rio Jamunda
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Sicuani
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Mundurucu, Curuaia
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Bakairi
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Kuikuro, Kalapalo
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Siona, Secoya, Coreguaje

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Warao
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Macuxi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Napo (Quijo), Kanelo (“Jungle Kechua”)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Wayana, Aparai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Wayapi, Emerillon
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Iranxe
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Trio
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Suruí, Gaviâo, Zoro, Arua, Cinta Larga
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Xipaya (Shipaya)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Amahuaca, Cashinahua, Sharanahua, Yaminahua, Yawanahua, Capanahua)