Xipaya (Shipaya)



Tradition title rus: 
Шипая
Areal ID: 
15.4.3.2
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
110.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
69.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a1The old sunAnother sun, usually less benevolent and/or powerful, existed before the present one
a27Crowns of the Sun and MoonLight and/or heat of the Sun and/or Moon originate from their crowns, necklaces or clothes (of feathers, of animal teeth)
a31The incestuous Moon As a result of some intimate contacts and/or love affair, the Moon acquires its present appearance (often, the stains on his face) and/or ascends to the sky
a35Spots on the lunar discDark spots on the lunar disc are dirt, blood, paint, traces of beating, burning, scratching, etc. on the Moon person's body or face (Kiliwa: spots on the Sun) and do not form any particular figure
a37The Sun is attacked with weaponsPerson intentionally and with special equipment (usually shooting arrows) attacks the Sun (or several suns if they were many)
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b13aStream follows personA stream of water (with a monster in it) pursues person who tries to escape from it
b1fTwo brothers: a winner and a failureTwo brothers (companions) live In the epoch of the creation. One of them is smart and selfconfident, another is weak and makes mistakes. They are not enemies and demonstrate their qualities in two or more episodes
b24Transformation into wild pigsAfter being engaged into a conflict or breaking a tabou, people are transformed into wild pigs or peccaries
b24aCircle of feathersPerson makes a circle of bird feathers around a group of people or throws feathers into their dwelling, people turn into wild pigs
b28Travelling transformerThe transformer walks along coming across different persons and creatures, transforming them into birds, animals, stones, shrines, etc. (or transforming monstrous animals into present day ones) and introducing cultural norms, landscape features, etc.
b31Women turn into water mammalA woman (usually after a conflict with a man or remaining alone) or a man and a woman (married couple, lovers, brother and sister) turn into water mammals
b36Creatures acquire their physical traitsBirds, fish, reptiles, mammals intentionally or by chance are smeared with colorful substances or divide among themselves parts of somebody's body thus acquiring their present characteristics
b37Creatures are made appear as they are nowPerson decorates different birds (rare: fish), share fat between anomals. Since then, the corresponding species acquire present characteristics
b62Buzzard husbandMan thinks that buzzard or hawk has better life than he. They exchange clothes. The bird lives with the man's wife as her husband, the man usually does not enjoy his bird life
b7bWaters from broken potSea, river, waters of flood flow out of a small receptacle
b86Babylonian towerTo reach the sky (the Sun, Moon, particular star), people build a ladder or tower that consists of separate modules (bricks, logs, sticks, etc.). This construction collapses
c1The collapse of the skyCatastropic displacement of layers of the univers in the past or in the future is mentioned. Among variants (sometimes combined): the sky fell on the earth; the earth (the underworld) and the sky interchanged their positions; the earth turned upside down; the layers of the universe collapsed in one after another; they will change their place during the future cataclysm
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
d9Fire and vultureRaven or other big dark-feathered bird scavenger is the owner, personification, spouse, obtainer or stealer of fire, daylight, or the Sun
e17Origin of designHumans acquire (the idea of) ornamentation of the vessels, baskets, body, etc. or the idea of the system of signs after somebody gets to see the pattern on the body of zoomorphic and/or supernatural creature
e18Snakes and containersPeople learn how to decorate ceramics or baskets (usually learn decorated patterns) thanks to a water creature
e28Moon's blood drops to earthPeople shoot into the Moon person, his blood drops to earth
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
f20A strong embraceMan and woman embrace each other forever or for a long time
f25Origin of menses: girl smeared with bloodWoman is smeared with blood or red paint. Since then women menstruate
f31The snake eggGirl or woman is imperceptibly impregnated by snake when the content of a broken egg of a snake flows into her vagina or when she touches a dead snake
f50The often-born childrenChild or children come out of mother's womb and return back
f51The clandestine loverPerson who conceals his or her identity comes to his or her lover (at night). Next time, the lover puts a mark on the stranger's face, body or clothes doing this intentionally (to recognize him or her) or by chance (that leads to the identification)
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f96Ugly man becomes handsomeA girl (wife) rejects an ugly youth (her husband). He becomes handsom (usually thanks to the help of a supernatural person). Those who were evil to him are punished
g13People ate rotten woodBefore acquisition of cultivated plants people ate rotten or soft (Ceiba L., Ochroma Sw.) wood; some people eat rotten wood
g13cBad food of the pre-agricultural epochBefore the cultivated plants or edible wild plants become known, people ate (decomposed) wood, bark, mud, stones, fungi
g17Gift of a reptileSerpent (snake-eel in Oceania) or alligator is the original possessor or the source of cultivated plants or wild staples
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
h11The call of GodPeople become mortal because they do not hear or answer a call of a being who promises them immortality (or do not pronounce his name) or answer a call (pronouns the name) of a being who brings death
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h12cOrpheus: to return the dead wifeHusband follows his dead wife to the other world but is unable to bring her back or succeeds to do it but loses her once again
h18Hoarded game releasedGame animals were concentrated in one single place. Certain person lets them disperse in the world
h21Animals or fish kill a childPerson possesses game animals or fish. A boy or a girl knows this secret or is used as a luring device. Another person asks or forces the boy or girl to serve him the same way or the boy himself makes an attempt to hunt or fish. As a result, the boy or girl is killed or carried away by animals or fish
h29Origin of foreignersA woman is impregnated by an animal, usually by a snake. People of hostile nation originate or receive their culture from her progeny or from her paramour's relatives
h4The shed skinThose who change their skin become young again
h5People and snakesReptiles or invertebrates possess the medicine of immortality; are contrasted with men as immortal with mortals and/or are responsible for originating of death; or a snake's bite inflicts the first death
h6aPeople and plantsMortal humans are contrasted with (almost) immortal trees that shed their bark, become green again after winter sleep or propagate by sprouts
h7The personified DeathDeath (also Old Age, Disease, etc.) is a particular person not identical with the Master of the Dead. He kills people usually carrying away their souls
i11Cosmic turtle or toadA turtle, toad, or frog supports the earth (sky) or is its embodiment
i14No-anus peoplePerson or creature has no anus opening
i14aEject digested food through the mouthNo-anus people eject digested food through the mouth or other orifice
i17Body anomalies of inhabitants of a distant landBeings without mouth, anus, genitals, whose women do not know how to give birth live in the underworld, in the sky, or in a far-away land
i22Objects in permanent movementThere are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)
i22fClashing treesPerson must go beyond relatively small objects (trees, logs, blades) which are incessantly clashing and parting, rising and falling
i28Animals in the underworldGame animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master
i64Milky Way is a trace of animalsMilky Way is a trace of big animals who were walking or running along it
i68Opening of the skyOn a certain moment, a crack, a window or the like opens in the sky vault (rains flows though it, the upper world is seen, communication with inhabitants of the upper world becomes possible)
i7The cloud serpentA flying reptile produces rain, thunderstorm
i70Water reptile on plants on its backTrees or reeds grow on the back of a monstrous reptile
i83The sky of birdsBirds, first of all vultures and eagles, live in the sky, usually at one or more layers of the upper world
j12Travelling girl walks across suitorsA girl (or two sisters) travel, usually in search of a proper marriage partner who lives far away or who has gone away. On her way or after reaching the place of destination the girl gets to some unpleasant suitors
j35Helpful tree-frogA tree-frog kills or neutralizes dangerous person or creature who chases heroes
j49Moon’s wife cannot follow himThe Moon's wife or sister tries to follow him to the sky but is unable to do it
j56Father tests his sonsTwin heroes (or one boy) come to their divine father. He puts them under trials to get know if they are really his children and possess supernatural power
j56aTransformed into griddlesBrothers turn into cooking pots or griddles which are put on fire. Only the eldest is strong enough to stand this trial
j60Two-fold impregnationA woman is impregnated by two different males and gives birth to twin sons who have different fathers
k177The travelling heroineA girl or young woman sets off to find or return her fience or her husband or she escapes from a fanger and ultimately marries happily
k2The destroyed ladderHero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k29aSurviving in a fireHero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation
k41Thunder against a serpent Thunder or giant bird fights against a reptile, big water animal or other big and strong creature who lives in water or under the earth
k55Chastity rewardedA powerful supernatural wants to check if his guest made love with his wife or daughter. The person is impotent or (successfully pretends to be) chaste and is rewarded or at least gets no harm. Usually the same episodes repeats with another person who is dissolute or unable to control himself. This person is punished
k56bThe worthy man is rewarded, the unworthy punishedFirst one, then another man meets a powerful person or persons. The first man is worthy and rewarded with treasure, prestige or the like. The second man (or two men) follows him, behaves in a wrong way and is punished
k8aJonah: swallowed by monsterPerson gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
l12Vultures and incomplete bodyVultures bring to the sky a being who has lost part of its body members or is reduced to the head or skull
l135The TravellerMale person leaves his home and gets to unfamiliar places. On his way, he comes across different strange creatures. After all, he returns home or leaves the earth for the other world. (Rather often a long string of episodes breaks off or the story lacks the beginning and does not explain why the hero is travelling)
l14Reared up serpentA small creature (often a worm or a reptile) is brought home and reared up or it becomes to live by itself in an artificial body of water. When big, it goes out of human control or becomes something huge and/or dangerous. Cf. motif L13A (The reared up monster attacks people)
l15aVulnerable place on the bodyThe only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s or creature’s body and not in his inner organs
l15a1Achilles' heelVulnerable place on the body of a person or creature is on his or her foot (toe, heel, sole, ankle)
l1dWoman kills jaguar A were-jaguar kills most of the people but is killed itself thanks to a woman who remained alive
l23ProteusPerson gets hold of another. Trying to free himself, the latter turns into different materials, elements, animals or (Urarina and Setebo) orders different dangerous creature to attack the person
l23dMetamorphosis of the caught female personBeing seized by a person, a female person turns into different materials, elements or animals (Urarina and Setebo: sends different dangerous creature to attack the one who caught her)
l24Monsters suffocatedDemons (or one of them) attack people and return to their den (usually a cave or tree hollow). People make suffocating fire around the den killing most or all of the demons
l31People stick to monsterPeople against their will must follow an object, a creature, or a person (usually stick to it) who/which leads or carries them far away, usually into the water or to the sky
l31bReptile carries people into the waterPeople find a snake or a turtle on a dry ground. They touch it or sit on it, stick to it, it carries them into the water
l38Demon’s trapA demon puts a trap to catch people, hero gets into it
l41Hero escapes on the wayAn ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house
l44aGive me your liverA man hides in a shelter. An ogre wants him to give certain parts of his body. The man gives the ogre instead parts of the body of a killed animal. The ogre does not understand the deceit, gives in response parts of his own body and dies
l55Monster killed with hot liquidTo kill a dangerous animal or monster, acrid or hot liquid (boiling water, resin, soup, etc.) is poured into one of his body orifices
l5cRolling head is a dangerous monsterRolling head is a dangerous mobster (pursues celestial bodies, people etc.)
l6Demon clings to personA demonic being demands that a person would carry it permanently, clings to his shoulder or back
l7Chasing an animal by mistakeInstead of chasing a person, a bush spirit, a monster or a dangerous animal follows by mistake an object or animal that moves nearby
l70Fruit falls and killsPerson or animal is killed or injured with a heavy object dropped from a tree (or rock, etc.). The person or the animal knows that the objects will fall but has falls ideas about its character and weight
l78Toad-jaguarMixed traits of toad and jaguar in iconography; a toad or frog transforms into a jaguar; a toad or frog is a jaguar's mother or wife
l7aSticking demon: first to person and then to animalA demon who sticks to other creatures and refuses to get down sticks first to a person and then to an animal or first to an animal and then to a bird
l85One-sided peopleOne-sided people have one leg and/or also one arm, one half of a head, etc. The second leg is not cut or burned off, preserved as a stump but is absent completely
l9Sharp body membersBody members of a person has the form of cutting or piercing weapon
l9aSharp legPerson's leg is injured intentionally or by chance. The loss of one leg does not bother him. He uses the sharpened bone as a thrust weapon
m10A girl and a honeyA girl or a woman who was stuck in a tree-hollow when she tried to extract honey or who was greedily sucking honey otherwise, dies or turns into the honey or into the bee
m16Ugly or sick one becomes healthy and handsomeA kinfolk (often his mother) or wife (bride) of a sick (ugly, old) man or boy do not care for him. He becomes healthy (and handsome), punishes and/or abandons those who were evil with him
m18Stolen arrows and hooksPerson transforms himself into an object of hunting or fishing, provokes hunters of fishermen to catch or shoot him and carries way the tools that they use (arrows, darts, harpoons, hooks, baits). Or he fishes by turning himself into a hook. Or he is caught but escapes turning back into a person
m18bGetting fishing hook or harpoonPerson turns into a fish to steal fishing hook or harpoon or he turns into fishing hook to catch a fish
m27Coming back from the skyA tree or a chain of reeds by which people have ascended to the sky is destroyed. On their way back they fall to the ground. Some of them remain in the sky for ever or longer than others
m29lTrickster is an opossumIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is an opossum
m29wJaguar (ocelote, puma) is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the jaguar (ocelote, puma) suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m34Thrown object turns into tailAn object thrown into person becomes his tail and the person himself an animal
m5Provoked insultBeing in a situation when his life depends on a good will of a demon or animal, person either resists or does not resist the temptation to insult or to beat, bite, etc. the latter
m6Night with a partridgeA young man or girl spends night in the forest. The forest partridge (Tinamus sp.) provides him or her a fire, a shelter and/or a hammock but takes them away and flies away itself when the person does something wrong
m63Body parts enumeratedBefore finding a part of the body that is the best for some particular function, other parts are proven or enumerated
m75Valuables taken off the vulturesPerson attracts and catches the carrion-eaters (usually some birds) and thanks to this obtains valuables retrieves valuables (fire, woman, animals, etc.)
m8Breaking the obstacleNon-human persons work hard to destroy a strong and durable obstacle that blocks access to some place or object
m8aBirds peck a rock to release prisonersBirds and sometimes also animals work hard to break from the outside or from the inside a rock, a tree truck, bonds, etc. to release some beings or themselves from confinement in a small enclosure or trap
m9Stuck in a tree hollowPerson who puts her or his head or hand into a tree hollow or (rare) other hole is stuck fast in it or falls into the hollow and dies or undergoes a metamorphosis


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Rikbaktsa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Manao, Katawishi (Teffé lake); groups of uncertain affiliation mostly from Rio Jamunda
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Cayapo (incl. Kubenkranken, Pau d’Arco, Shikrin or Xikrin)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Mundurucu, Curuaia
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Maue (Mawe)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Mehinaku, Waura, Yaulapiti
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Shipibo, Conibo, Setebo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Tenetehara
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Witoto, Ocaina
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Shuar, Achuar (Shiwiar)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Wayapi, Emerillon
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Mundurucu, Curuaia
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Juruna
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Shuar, Achuar (Shiwiar)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Wayana, Aparai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Aguaruna, Huambiza
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Manao, Katawishi (Teffé lake); groups of uncertain affiliation mostly from Rio Jamunda
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Guarani: different groups of Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina including Apapocuva, Kaiowá, Mbyá, Chiripá (=Ñandeva)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Tenetehara
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Pemon: Arekuna (incl. Kamarakoto), Taulipang (Taurepan)