Witoto, Ocaina



Tradition title rus: 
Уитото, окайна
Areal ID: 
15.3.6.1
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
137.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
78.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a1The old sunAnother sun, usually less benevolent and/or powerful, existed before the present one
a14Eclipses: relations between the Sun and the MoonComing together of the Sun and the Moon is the reason of their eclipses
a17The Sun’s relax at the middayAfter passing half of the its way across the sky (in the day time) or in the underworld (in the night time), the Sun stops to have a rest
a25Getting accustomed to the lightWhen people see light of day for the first time, they are prohibited to look at it immediately. Those who break this taboo are ruined
a27Crowns of the Sun and MoonLight and/or heat of the Sun and/or Moon originate from their crowns, necklaces or clothes (of feathers, of animal teeth)
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a31The incestuous Moon As a result of some intimate contacts and/or love affair, the Moon acquires its present appearance (often, the stains on his face) and/or ascends to the sky
a35Spots on the lunar discDark spots on the lunar disc are dirt, blood, paint, traces of beating, burning, scratching, etc. on the Moon person's body or face (Kiliwa: spots on the Sun) and do not form any particular figure
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b100The acquisition of the sleepFormerly or in a certain country the sleep was not known; certain person possesses sleep, is its incarnation or teaches to sleep; the sleep is a particular substance
b13aStream follows personA stream of water (with a monster in it) pursues person who tries to escape from it
b26Man joins wild animalsPerson who follows the wild animals turns into one of them or into their master
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b54Chips turn into fishChips of wood, branches or pieces of bark thrown or fallen into the water turn into fish and/or aquatic animals
b66Rope turns into creepersPersons climb to the sky up a rope or an arrow ladder; fallen down rope turns into forest vines
b73bThe cuckoo: in search of lost family memberTwo teenagers or young people are in search of each other, call each other (or one of them call another): a girl in search of her lost (or dead) brother or brother’s wife, a boy in search of his brother or sister, young parents in seach their child. One or both of them turn into birds with specific cry
b77Primeval sky close to earthOriginally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up
b9Water in the tree trunkThere is enormous amount of water inside a trunk of a tree or a tree turns into water
c14Monsters destroy peopleDuring or before the world catastrophe (deluge, darkness) wild beasts and monsters attack and destroy people
c34The deluge because of a wounded creatureKilling (injuring, offending) of some cruature (usually related to water) triggers deluge
d1Female spirit of fireFire is personified as an (elder) woman, alone or with her husband, master of fire
d11Food baked in armpitsBefore fire became known, people prepared food using warmth of their bodies (usually putting food in their armpits); or a person keeps fire in his or her armpits
d12Food baked in the sunFirst people or inhabitants of a distant country cook food in the sun; or fire owner lies that he or she cooks food in the sun
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
d4gHummingbird discovers where the fire is (and brings it to people)Hummingbird discovers where the fire is (and brings it to people)
d4oFire stealer pretends to be wet and coldTo steal fire from its owner, person pretends to be wet or cold and is granted permission to sit near the fireplace. In a proper moment the stealer carries the fire away and brings it to people
d5Woman as the owner of the fireFemale person is the owner or inventor (but not the personification) of the fire
e11The burned skinMagic person reveals his true nature and/or remains with the real people after the object responsible for preserving the non-human appearance (usually an animal skin) is destroyed (usually burned)
e33People from seedsPeople emerge from grains, seeds
e35Webbed fingersFirst people or people made by Creator's rival were imperfect, not completely anthropomorphic (often: had webbed fingers)
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
e5dPredator devours emerging peoplePeople live underground or in a small enclosure. When they come out they are attacked by monster or dangerous animal. Monster is killed or transformed
e7Person stuck in a cosmic holeTo descend from the sky, ascend from the underworld or come out of the cave, people must pass through narrow hole. A person is stuck in the hole blocking forever communication between different parts of the universe
e8People of woodThe first people or (the first) woman (wife of a primeval ancestor) are made of wood
f29Girl sits on the groundA girl or young woman who is usually occupied with domestic work (is cooking, weaving, etc.) sits on the ground and copulates with a penis-like creature that crawls from below into her vagina
f29aWorm killed with boiling waterTo kill snake or worm paramour of a woman or girl, person pours on it boiling water, resin or spills live coals
f30Snake paramourA woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man
f33Water creature paramourCertain woman or a group of women take for paramour a big water animal (caiman, otter, sea-lion, whale, anaconda; rare: water bird, crab), water spirit or monster. Husbands, brothers or (adoptive) children kill or maim paramour and/or (sometimes) the woman
f34Land animal paramourCertain woman or a group of women takes for a paramour a big land animal. Husbands, brothers or (adoptive) children kill or maim paramour and (sometimes) the woman
f34bThe paramour is not a human beingA girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior
f36Sons kill paramourThe (adoptive) children or grandchildren and not person's spouse or brother kill the paramour of their (step)mother or father
f37Gourd vessel put on the surface of waterPerson knocks the gourd vessel that floats above the water to call water monster or serpent. Usually a woman calls this way her monstrous paramour
f51The clandestine loverPerson who conceals his or her identity comes to his or her lover (at night). Next time, the lover puts a mark on the stranger's face, body or clothes doing this intentionally (to recognize him or her) or by chance (that leads to the identification)
f62Incognito at the feastAn (ostensibly) sick (ugly, weak, poorly clad) person remains at home when others go to the feast. The person comes by himself or herself looking like a handsome man or beautiful girl. The man (woman) does not recognize him (her) and feels against her (him) sexual interestю (All texts with motif k57, Chinderella, are also included into f62)
f86Conditional signalPerson summons with a certain signal a non-human being (usually his or her sexual partner or his or her protégé). Another person spies, uses the same signal or pronounces the same words and kills the being who comes to him (or uses this being sexually himself)
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f9dScorpions in the genitalsSmall creatures in female or male genitals are dangerous for the partner
f9e1Dangerous animal in vaginaWoman is dangerous because biting or stinging animal or animals is (are) inside her genitals (and not only the head of such an animal)
g10The hanging treeA tree which trunk is cut through do not fall because it is hold from above
g12Tree is a personA giant tree (often with water inside it or with different cultivated plants on its branches) grows out of the human body or is transformed person
g13People ate rotten woodBefore acquisition of cultivated plants people ate rotten or soft (Ceiba L., Ochroma Sw.) wood; some people eat rotten wood
g13aPeople ate dirtBefore acquisition of cultivated plants (fire, hunting skills) people ate dirt, mud or stones
g13bFungi as a false foodBefore acquisition of cultivated plants people ate fungi. Fingi is a food of non-human beings. Fungi is a false food of inferior quality
g13cBad food of the pre-agricultural epochBefore the cultivated plants or edible wild plants become known, people ate (decomposed) wood, bark, mud, stones, fungi
g16Ants find cultivated plantsAnts are the first who find cultivated plants (corn or manioc) which are concealed from the others in particular place
g18Person wants to be sacrificedA person asks people to abandon him or her in the forest, to burn or drag him or her around the future garden plot, to burn her in her house, etc. People fulfill the person's wish and find cultivated plants growing on the place
g20Woman turns into plantsFood crops emerge from remains of a woman or girl
g22Frog or toad and plantsFrog or toad is related to acquisition of cultivated plants
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
g23aAlive being turns into plantsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different plants, mostly edible or cultivated
g24Food from the skyFirst seeds (sprouts, tubors) of cultivated plants or of important edible wild plants are brought from the sky (received from the sky-dwellers)
g5Food treeFruits and shoots of different cultivated plants grow on the branches of one tree (on one vine) or certain plant has a tree form that is alien to it in nature
g6Primeval treeOne of the trees is the principal, original one (emerged before all the other; ancestor of wild or cultivated plants; ocean or rivers inside it; world axis; higher than all the others; overshadows sky)
g7Blunt axesAncestors try to fell a tree (more rare a high rock) that has different useful fruits on its branchs (on its top) or contains water and fish in its tunck. The notch disappears as soon as the woodcutters abandon their work for a while or periodically
g8Restored treeA deep notch in the tree (or in the sky support) is magically restored as soon as persons or creatures who cut or gnaw it stop working
g8fChips destroyedA deep notch in the tree is magically restored when persons or creatures who cut it go away to take a rest. They get to fell the tree after they begin to burn the cut off chips or to carry them far way
h18Hoarded game releasedGame animals were concentrated in one single place. Certain person lets them disperse in the world
h24Container opened too earlyContainer with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear
h28Plagues from the body of a person or creatureKilled and destroyed (often burned) person or creature (usually ogre, fierce animal, powerful shaman) turns into a multitude of biting insects or into other small molesting creatures
h30A wrong choiceSeeing two women who have come together or in succession, man has to choose one of them. Usually he takes the one who is less pretty and smart or more dangerous inflicting troubles on himself and humanity
i100bThe Pleiades are a group of peopleThe Pleiades are any people (of any ages and sex, combined data of i99-i100a)
i14No-anus peoplePerson or creature has no anus opening
i28Animals in the underworldGame animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master
i3Weapon of ThunderThe lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being
i34The dangerous treeIt is necessary to approach a tree which is surrounded with fire, ejects fire, shoots sharp splints, etc.
i37gFungi are steps, platforms, obstaclesTree fungi are steps, small platforms, umbrellas, obstacles that make moving easier or more difficult, provide a shelter or cover
i45bNot to point at the rainbowIt to point at the rainbow, pointing finger or entire arm will rot, wither or become crooked
i72Stars are peopleStars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)
i72aStars are children of the Sun and the MoonStars are children of the Moon and/or the Sun
i81Waters rush down into the underworldWaters of all rivers on earth run to the precipice where they rush down into the underworld
i82aVenus is maleMorning and/or Evening Star is a male personage
i82bVenus is femaleMorning and/or Evening Star is a female personage
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j12Travelling girl walks across suitorsA girl (or two sisters) travel, usually in search of a proper marriage partner who lives far away or who has gone away. On her way or after reaching the place of destination the girl gets to some unpleasant suitors
j12aPenis in a potA girl or two sisters get to old woman who suggests them to marry her son. It is a worm or alive penis preserved by its mother in a pot. The girl (the sister) rejects it, runs away
j12cMeeting at a feastA girl gets to see her bridegroom for the first time at a feast and then sets off to his place following instructions received from him
j13Two sistersTwo sisters (if more, only two play a significant role in the plot) travel and meet an unpleasant suitor or get to an ogre
j15Woman gets to dangerous creaturesWalking in search of her husband, boyfriend, kinsmen, shelter woman or girl gets to the house of dangerous creatures where she is injured or killed
j15aWoman gets to jaguarsSetting off (usually in search of her husband, boyfriend or kinsmen), woman gets to the place of dangerous felines
j21Birth from eggsGods, first people or founders of the royal lineages are born from eggs
j22dTwo animals from one cut in twoTwo halves of one animal or person which was cut in two turn into two animals of different species or into foreigners
j28aTruth about fatherHero asks how one of his parents died and receives a series of false answers. Usually he successively exposes himself to the same dangers, survives and thus demonstrates that truth is still concealed from him
j29Shadow of the fatherA murdered parent of the hero comes to him as a ghost and informs about the circumstances of his or her death
j30Parents’ remainsBefore the hero destroys the antagonists or escapes from them, he finds or receives the remains or possessions that belonged to the antagonists' victim
j31Father’s weaponA young hero obtains and uses weapons or other powerful objects which belonged to his murdered father
j37The antagonist is carried away by birdA man turns into powerful bird or creates it. The bird carries away his enemy
j4Revenge for the death of the male relativesHeroes avenge the murder or captivity of the male relatives: (grand)father, uncles, or the elder relatives in general, the loss of the males being the most traumatic
j44The broken bridgePerson or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice
j46Enemy drownsAntagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body
j47Pursuer falls from heightPerson ascends to the sky (rare: descends from the sky; ascends the cliff) by a rope, a ladder, etc. Another person tries to follow him or her but the rope (the ladder) is broken or severed
j49Moon’s wife cannot follow himThe Moon's wife or sister tries to follow him to the sky but is unable to do it
j4bRevenge inside the familyChildren (son, sons, son and daughter) of the murdered woman or man revenge on persons who have marital or close kin relations with the victom
j58The arrow ladderPersons shoot arrows (darts) which hit each other’s end forming a chain (rope, ladder). Persons climb by this chain to the sky or (rare) across an obstacle
j59Following arrow to get to the skyTo climb to the sky, person must first to shoot an arrow that reaches the sky and sticks to it
j7The changed signsA woman or a girl is in search of her husband (lover) or kinsmen or a man sets out on a journey to his bride. She (he) loses her (his) way because signs that should direct her or him to the right place had been changed
j8Feathers at the crossroadA woman or a girl is in search of her husband or other person. Bird feathers at the cross-road or near the person's dwelling mark the correct or the wrong way
k10Fight with the monstrous birdMonstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it
k102a2Conflict between mother and son Mother tries to kill her son (children) because he interferes with her love affair
k15aSubstituted weaponHero substitutes powerful person's weapon or amulet with a fake
k16To get access to a girl in guise of a bird or an animalDisguised as a bird, small animal or insect, a man penetrates into the place of a girl (into her father’s house)
k177The travelling heroineA girl or young woman sets off to find or return her fience or her husband or she escapes from a fanger and ultimately marries happily
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27oBall gameA contest: ball game
k27o2To play with a dangerous ballTo kill the hero, his enemies involve him into a game with a dangerous ball (or ice, stone, bone, iron, a walrus head, a biting skull, etc.)
k3Tree or rock grows tallerHero climbs up a tree or rock to get eggs, nestlings, fruits, honey, etc. Another person makes the tree (rock) grow higher or thicker and the hero is unable to descend back
k30Flying enemy abducts womanFlying person or creature abducts a woman but is ultimately killed or the woman escapes from him
k30aThe chief’s wife and vulturesWife of a chief abandons him with vultures (usually by her own will being untrue to her husband). The chief (Witoto: her own brother) brings her back
k55Chastity rewardedA powerful supernatural wants to check if his guest made love with his wife or daughter. The person is impotent or (successfully pretends to be) chaste and is rewarded or at least gets no harm. Usually the same episodes repeats with another person who is dissolute or unable to control himself. This person is punished
k56bThe worthy man is rewarded, the unworthy punishedFirst one, then another man meets a powerful person or persons. The first man is worthy and rewarded with treasure, prestige or the like. The second man (or two men) follows him, behaves in a wrong way and is punished
k6Vine from body excretionsA vine grows from person's or animal's tears, mucus, urine, etc.
k8aJonah: swallowed by monsterPerson gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
l13The reared up monsterA small creature is reared up by people. When it is grown up, it becomes harmful and dangerous
l14Reared up serpentA small creature (often a worm or a reptile) is brought home and reared up or it becomes to live by itself in an artificial body of water. When big, it goes out of human control or becomes something huge and/or dangerous. Cf. motif L13A (The reared up monster attacks people)
l24Monsters suffocatedDemons (or one of them) attack people and return to their den (usually a cave or tree hollow). People make suffocating fire around the den killing most or all of the demons
l27Girl eaten upTwo girls or young women meet a demon. One or both are not aware of danger. One is eaten up, another escapes
l28The snake-eaterPerson who have eaten a prohibited meat or fish turns into monstrous snake or fish
l38Demon’s trapA demon puts a trap to catch people, hero gets into it
l41Hero escapes on the wayAn ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house
l5cRolling head is a dangerous monsterRolling head is a dangerous mobster (pursues celestial bodies, people etc.)
l6Demon clings to personA demonic being demands that a person would carry it permanently, clings to his shoulder or back
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m16Ugly or sick one becomes healthy and handsomeA kinfolk (often his mother) or wife (bride) of a sick (ugly, old) man or boy do not care for him. He becomes healthy (and handsome), punishes and/or abandons those who were evil with him
m29lTrickster is an opossumIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is an opossum
m8Breaking the obstacleNon-human persons work hard to destroy a strong and durable obstacle that blocks access to some place or object
m89Melted waxPerson dies or is humiliated after some object that he or she made of wax, resin, excrements and/or took for something worthy are melted down


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