Wapishana (incl Ataroi); Mapidian; Taruma



Tradition title rus: 
Вапишана (вкл атарои); мапидиан; тарума
Areal ID: 
15.2.3.9
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
97.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
58.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
b1fTwo brothers: a winner and a failureTwo brothers (companions) live In the epoch of the creation. One of them is smart and selfconfident, another is weak and makes mistakes. They are not enemies and demonstrate their qualities in two or more episodes
b42nOrion is one personConstellation of Orion or the Belt of Orion is identified with only one male person, usually with a warrior or hunter
b56Fire tongue of the crocodileAfter the crocodile or caiman swallows or loses fire (that he possessed before), he remains without his tongue; or the crocodile's tongue is cut off to make something related to celestial fire (thunderbolt, sun beams, etc.
b58Wild turkey’s red neckAfter the original fire is stolen by the ancestors, a partridge size forest bird (Penelope sp.; Anhima cornuta; etc.; jacu, paujil) swallows burning coal and (besides the Andoque) its neck becomes red
b67Tree turns to rocksPeople fell giant tree. The fallen tree and/or its stump turns into mountain(s) or rocks
b9Water in the tree trunkThere is enormous amount of water inside a trunk of a tree or a tree turns into water
c4The flood: fruits fall from a treeDuring the flood or in the beginning of times fruits, seeds or other objects are dropped into water one by one, usually by a person who has climbed a tree. As far as the objects fall, water recedes and the dry land appears
c4aThe flood: survival in a treeDuring the flood some persons survive in a tree
c5aBird-scoutsBirds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living
d13cTrickster makes his brother’s wife laughTwo companions or brothers live together. The elder conceals his wife from the younger. In his absence, the younger tries to make the woman laugh and this way to get know her hiding place
d13dTo make hidden woman laughTo find a person who is hiding somewhere inside the house, another one tries to make her or him laugh
d1bMale spirit of fireThe fire is personified as an elder man (alone or with his wife, mistress of fire)
d5Woman as the owner of the fireFemale person is the owner or inventor (but not the personification) of the fire
d5aFire in woman’s genitalsFirst fire was hidden in genitals or anus of a woman
d6aFire and crocodileCrocodile or cayman is an original or temporary owner of fire or lighting
e11The burned skinMagic person reveals his true nature and/or remains with the real people after the object responsible for preserving the non-human appearance (usually an animal skin) is destroyed (usually burned)
e13aSacred knowledge from under the waterSacred knowledge, objects and rituals are initially obtained from the denizens of the underwater world
e15Ducks and canoesPeople learn from aquatic birds how to make canoes or how to paddle; or the first canoe is a transformed bird or is made of bird bones
e18Snakes and containersPeople learn how to decorate ceramics or baskets (usually learn decorated patterns) thanks to a water creature
e22Swallowed person obtains knowledgeGetting into the body of certain being, person obtain knowledge of rituals, songs, ornaments, poison or drugs and then brings it to people
e3New people from bonesAfter destruction of previous world, new people (rare: new earth) are made from the bones of the perished race
e9The mysterious housekeeperPerson observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one
e9fParrot-wifeMan maries parrot- or parakeet-woman
e9gVulture-wifeMan marries vulture-woman
f13Red penis of primatesHuman or monkey's genitals becomes red after being injured during copulation with the girl who had toothed vagina or had not any vagina
f2Pregnant limbChild is born from a tumor or swelling on person's body (on thigh, knee, finger, etc.) or is temporarily placed there or child grows from blood that flew out from a cut
f38Women and sacred knowledgeWomen were possessors of the sacred knowledge, sanctuaries or ritual objects which are now taboo for them or they made attempts to acquire such a knowledge or objects
f45The AmazonsThere are (or were) women who live apart from men in their own village or villages
f7The underwater-maidenMan takes or attempts to take a wife who is connected with the underwater world (fish, crab, snake, water animal and the like)
f82aWhat owl cries aboutTo lure prohibited sexual partner into his or her hammock, person imitates or interpretes in a certain way voices of birds and animals
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f95Wife of one of two brothersTwo companions or brothers live together. One has a wife which he conceals. Another suspects her existence, destroys her or tries to get a wife also for himself
f9bPiranha in vaginaBiting piranha is in woman's genitals
f9e1Dangerous animal in vaginaWoman is dangerous because biting or stinging animal or animals is (are) inside her genitals (and not only the head of such an animal)
g17Gift of a reptileSerpent (snake-eel in Oceania) or alligator is the original possessor or the source of cultivated plants or wild staples
g20Woman turns into plantsFood crops emerge from remains of a woman or girl
g22Frog or toad and plantsFrog or toad is related to acquisition of cultivated plants
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
g28The fish treeTree contains fish in its trunk
g5Food treeFruits and shoots of different cultivated plants grow on the branches of one tree (on one vine) or certain plant has a tree form that is alien to it in nature
g6Primeval treeOne of the trees is the principal, original one (emerged before all the other; ancestor of wild or cultivated plants; ocean or rivers inside it; world axis; higher than all the others; overshadows sky)
h20Fish disperse in the worldAll the fish or (rare) shellfish) was concentrated in one place. Certain person lets it lose or puts it into the rivers or sea
h21aNot to kill a big fish
i1The thunderbirdsCreatures that produce rain and/or thunderstorms are birds or anthropomorphic beings with wings; or (rare) some or all birds are connected with thunder, lightning or rain though Thunder is not a bird
i117Spider ferries from one world to anotherSpider person raises the hero to the sky, helps him or her to return back to earth or otherwise helps to overcome the borderlines between worlds
i129Constellation of HeronWhen constellation of Heron appears on the sky, the rain season begins
i133aThe big bird constellationThere is a constellation identified with a bird that corresponds to several big constellations in European traditions (mostly Ecuatorial and not Circum-Popar).
i14No-anus peoplePerson or creature has no anus opening
i3Weapon of ThunderThe lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being
i62Milky Way is a riverMilky Way is a sky river, water body, chain of beings that swim
i65Milky Way of the deadMilky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession
i83The sky of birdsBirds, first of all vultures and eagles, live in the sky, usually at one or more layers of the upper world
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j15Woman gets to dangerous creaturesWalking in search of her husband, boyfriend, kinsmen, shelter woman or girl gets to the house of dangerous creatures where she is injured or killed
j15aWoman gets to jaguarsSetting off (usually in search of her husband, boyfriend or kinsmen), woman gets to the place of dangerous felines
j15bWoman gets to a toadSetting off (usually in search of her husband, boyfriend or kinsmen), woman gets to the place of female toad or frog
j25Babies escape and returnHeroes (usually one or two), being still babies or embryos, escape or are thrown away, often into the water. To bring them back into the human world, they are lured (persuaded) to come out or caught with difficulty
j4aRevenge for the death of the motherA woman is murdered. Her son or children (rare: grandchildren, nephews) revenge for her death
k13aPerson with cut off leg ascends to the skyPerson's leg (rare: both legs) is cut, torn, bitten off, injured. He (rare: she) ascends to the sky: to the Moon; turns into the Moon, Sun, star, constellation; blood from the injured leg makes the sky red
k2The destroyed ladderHero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k25eMagic wife is an ancestorAll humans, members of a particular ethnic or social group or a ruling dynasty are believed to descend from a mortal man and a woman of supernatural origin
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27hTo represent the head that is permanently concealedThe hero has to carve the representa-tion of the head of a person who never opens his face. Usually such a representation decorates the wooden bench
k27iTask: to dry a body of waterA task: to dry a body of water
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n3bTask-giver lives in the sky but is not the Sun, Moon, Thunder or WindPerson who gives difficult tasks or tests to the hero or heroine lives in the sky but is not associated with the Sun, Moon, Thunder or Wind
k29aSurviving in a fireHero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation
k4The bird nesterPerson climbs up a tree or rock or descends to a cave to get eggs or nestlings from the bird's nest. Another person remains on the ground. They get into conflict and/or the first person is unable to get back to the ground
k8aJonah: swallowed by monsterPerson gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
l11Turtle-benchIn a non-human world objects of everyday life have appearance of animals and monsters, mainly fish, amphibians and reptiles
l13The reared up monsterA small creature is reared up by people. When it is grown up, it becomes harmful and dangerous
l14Reared up serpentA small creature (often a worm or a reptile) is brought home and reared up or it becomes to live by itself in an artificial body of water. When big, it goes out of human control or becomes something huge and/or dangerous. Cf. motif L13A (The reared up monster attacks people)
l18Multi-headed birdA bird with two or more heads on top of one body is described in tales or represented in art
l38Demon’s trapA demon puts a trap to catch people, hero gets into it
l41Hero escapes on the wayAn ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house
l43Dangerous persons eat filthPersons who are dangerous for the hero (demons, robbers, merchants) take for something pleasant and edible those objects, creatures or matters (excrements, snakes, insects, etc.) that are disgusting (not edible)
l46Head downwardPerson ascends, descends, walks head downward or sees the world upside down
l70Fruit falls and killsPerson or animal is killed or injured with a heavy object dropped from a tree (or rock, etc.). The person or the animal knows that the objects will fall but has falls ideas about its character and weight
l78Toad-jaguarMixed traits of toad and jaguar in iconography; a toad or frog transforms into a jaguar; a toad or frog is a jaguar's mother or wife
m11cPerson gets lard from his bodyA male person cuts or roasts his own body to extract meat, lard or blood, cooks it and serves to his guest without injuring himself. Such a food is not considered to be unclean
m18Stolen arrows and hooksPerson transforms himself into an object of hunting or fishing, provokes hunters of fishermen to catch or shoot him and carries way the tools that they use (arrows, darts, harpoons, hooks, baits). Or he fishes by turning himself into a hook. Or he is caught but escapes turning back into a person
m18bGetting fishing hook or harpoonPerson turns into a fish to steal fishing hook or harpoon or he turns into fishing hook to catch a fish
m23Mock pleaPerson or creature pretends to be afraid of a particular sort of treatment that really cannot do him any harm
m29kThe turtle (tortoise, toad, frog) wins thanks to his smartnessBeing smart and persistent, the turtle (toad, frog) overcomes strong adversaries
m29lTrickster is an opossumIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is an opossum
m29oTrickster is a monkeyIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is a monkey
m29wJaguar (ocelote, puma) is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the jaguar (ocelote, puma) suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m38Stupid imitation (all versions)Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food
m38aThe bungling hostBeing on a visit to other people or (more often) animals, an (animal)-person sees them act using magic or according to their animal nature. Back at home, he imitates their actions and gets in trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and mostly refer to providing and cooking food
m38a1Imitating wife’s kinfolkPerson imitates actions of his son- or brothers-in-law or (among Comox and Halcomelem) of his wives
m41The eye-jugglerPerson plays throwing his eyes or (Alaska Athabascans) his tooth up or away. Eyes or tooth first come back to eye sockets or mouth but eventually are lost
m42Eyes: taken out of orbits and lostPerson loses his eyes because of his playfulness or negligence. He makes new eyes of some substance or/and takes eyes of another person
m44bThieves of food: the womenPerson discovers that somebody steals game or fish from his trap or devastates his garden. He or his guards catch the thieves who prove to be (the first) women or the thief is the water being whom the hero lets go after receiving a woman for ransom
m44cThieves of food: a young heroA boy or young man comes to steal food of a person who is elder than he. Usually he is caught but not punished and invited to live with the elder person
m6aOvernight with the fire in the forestA person spends a night in the forest. One of the forest dwellers has fire. After the person does something wrong, this fire is lost
m75Valuables taken off the vulturesPerson attracts and catches the carrion-eaters (usually some birds) and thanks to this obtains valuables retrieves valuables (fire, woman, animals, etc.)


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Barasana, Taibano, Macuna
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Waiwai
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Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
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Ticuna (Tucuna)