Trio



Tradition title rus: 
Трио
Areal ID: 
15.2.4.1
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
115.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
62.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a5


Name_eng: 
The Sun and the Moon are males
Description: 

The Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual




Motif

a18


Name_eng: 
The Sun boat
Description: 

During the day and/or the night (in the underworld, beyond the horizon etc.) the Sun and/or the Moon regularly travel in a boat.




Motif

a31


Name_eng: 
The incestuous Moon
Description: 

As a result of some intimate contacts and/or love affair, the Moon acquires its present appearance (often, the stains on his face) and/or ascends to the sky




Motif

a35


Name_eng: 
Spots on the lunar disc
Description: 

Dark spots on the lunar disc are dirt, blood, paint, traces of beating, burning, scratching, etc. on the Moon person's body or face (Kiliwa: spots on the Sun) and do not form any particular figure




Motif

a36


Name_eng: 
The immortal Moon
Description: 

The Moon, unlike people, revives or rejuvenates every month; or those who live in the Moon are immortal; or the Moon makes decision if people should die forever or regularly revive




Motif

b9


Name_eng: 
Water in the tree trunk
Description: 

There is enormous amount of water inside a trunk of a tree or a tree turns into water




Motif

b17


Name_eng: 
Night in container
Description: 

Darkness is a particular object that can be carried (usually brought from its original owner in a container)




Motif

b19


Name_eng: 
The night and the married life
Description: 

People had trouble making love before night came into being




Motif

b36


Name_eng: 
Creatures acquire their physical traits
Description: 

Birds, fish, reptiles, mammals intentionally or by chance are smeared with colorful substances or divide among themselves parts of somebody's body thus acquiring their present characteristics




Motif

b42n


Name_eng: 
Orion is one person
Description: 

Constellation of Orion or the Belt of Orion is identified with only one male person, usually with a warrior or hunter




Motif

b58


Name_eng: 
Wild turkey’s red neck
Description: 

After the original fire is stolen by the ancestors, a partridge size forest bird (Penelope sp.; Anhima cornuta; etc.; jacu, paujil) swallows burning coal and (besides the Andoque) its neck becomes red




Motif

c2


Name_eng: 
Deluge and conflagration combined
Description: 

Inhabitans of the Middle World are (partly) destroyed (or will be destoyed) once by fire or draught, another time by a flood or the world is destroyed with a flood of fire or boiling water




Motif

c5a


Name_eng: 
Bird-scouts
Description: 

Birds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living




Motif

c11


Name_eng: 
Divine father avenges his son
Description: 

Person uses his supernatural powers to destroy a large group of people who have offended or insulted his son




Motif

d7


Name_eng: 
Fire and toad
Description: 

Frog or toad possesses the fire, steals it from original owner, tries to extinguish or to save it




Motif

e9


Name_eng: 
The mysterious housekeeper
Description: 

Person observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one




Motif

e9g


Name_eng: 
Vulture-wife
Description: 

Man marries vulture-woman




Motif

e11


Name_eng: 
The burned skin
Description: 

Magic person reveals his true nature and/or remains with the real people after the object responsible for preserving the non-human appearance (usually an animal skin) is destroyed (usually burned)




Motif

e15


Name_eng: 
Ducks and canoes
Description: 

People learn from aquatic birds how to make canoes or how to paddle; or the first canoe is a transformed bird or is made of bird bones




Motif

e16


Name_eng: 
Paddles edgewise
Description: 

Riding in canoe, people first turn paddles edgewise, then learn the correct way to use them




Motif

e20


Name_eng: 
Fish poison person
Description: 

Entering water, certain person makes fish die. From parts of his body or from his grave grows plant used to prepare fish poison (timbo)




Motif

e21


Name_eng: 
Avenged victim of water creatures
Description: 

Child fishes with poison or his or her body produces fish poison. Fish or water snake kills him or her. The perished child is avenged




Motif

e24


Name_eng: 
Origin of elbows and knees
Description: 

Human arms and legs become pliant (get joints) when a primeval ancestor(s) fall from height and break his arms and legs




Motif

f7


Name_eng: 
The water-maiden
Description: 

Man takes or attempts to take a wife who is connected with the underwater world (fish, crab, snake, water animal and the like)




Motif

f20


Name_eng: 
A strong embrace
Description: 

Man and woman embrace each other forever or for a long time




Motif

f28b


Name_eng: 
Penis of wax
Description: 

Certain woman masturbates with a penis made of wax, gourd, wood, radish, etc. Usually her husband or male relative smears it with chile; the woman is hurt or killed




Motif

f32


Name_eng: 
Tree fruits for a woman
Description: 

Baby child or children who come out of mother's womb and turn themselves into adult men or a snake who lives in her womb climb up a tree and help the woman to gather fruits, bark, edible fungi, etc. Usually the child who is a snake returns to his mother's womb and adult man turns back into a baby; or the girl's love affair with a snake is discovered when her father climbs a tree to gather fruits for her




Motif

f33


Name_eng: 
Water creature paramour
Description: 

Certain woman or a group of women take for paramour a big water animal (caiman, otter, sea-lion, whale, anaconda; rare: water bird, crab), water spirit or monster. Husbands, brothers or (adoptive) children kill or maim paramour and/or (sometimes) the woman




Motif

f43a


Name_eng: 
The women kill the men
Description: 

The women of the ancestral community kill, try to kill or transform the men




Motif

f44


Name_eng: 
Women and men separate
Description: 

The women and the men of the primeval community quarrel and abandon each other




Motif

f45


Name_eng: 
The Amazons
Description: 

There are (or were) women who live apart from men in their own village or villages




Motif

f50


Name_eng: 
The often-born children
Description: 

Child or children come out of mother's womb and return back




Motif

f51


Name_eng: 
The clandestine lover
Description: 

Person who conceals his or her identity comes to his or her lover (at night). Next time, the lover puts a mark on the stranger's face, body or clothes doing this intentionally (to recognize him or her) or by chance (that leads to the identification)




Motif

f86


Name_eng: 
Conditional signal
Description: 

Person summons with a certain signal a non-human being (usually his or her sexual partner or his or her protégé). Another person spies, uses the same signal or pronounces the same words and kills the being who comes to him (or uses this being sexually himself)




Motif

g5


Name_eng: 
Food tree
Description: 

Fruits and shoots of different cultivated plants grow on the branches of one tree (on one vine) or certain plant has a tree form that is alien to it in nature




Motif

g6


Name_eng: 
Primeval tree
Description: 

One of the trees is the principal, original one (emerged before all the other; ancestor of wild or cultivated plants; ocean or rivers inside it; world axis; higher than all the others; overshadows sky)




Motif

g12b


Name_eng: 
Star-person gives plants
Description: 

Star-person is a giver of cultivated plants




Motif

g17


Name_eng: 
Gift of a reptile
Description: 

Serpent (snake-eel in Oceania) or alligator is the original possessor or the source of cultivated plants or wild staples




Motif

g28


Name_eng: 
The fish tree
Description: 

Tree contains fish in its trunk




Motif

h11


Name_eng: 
The call of God
Description: 

People become mortal because they do not hear or answer a call of a being who promises them immortality (or do not pronounce his name) or answer a call (pronouns the name) of a being who brings death




Motif

h24


Name_eng: 
Container opened too early
Description: 

Container with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear




Motif

h24f


Name_eng: 
Meat in a package
Description: 

Person can magically put a lot of meat or fish into a small package or vessel which is easy to carry




Motif

h28


Name_eng: 
Plagues from the body of a person or creature
Description: 

Killed and destroyed (often burned) person or creature (usually ogre, fierce animal, powerful shaman) turns into a multitude of biting insects or into other small molesting creatures




Motif

h29


Name_eng: 
Origin of foreigners
Description: 

A woman is impregnated by an animal, usually by a snake. People of hostile nation originate or receive their culture from her progeny or from her paramour's relatives




Motif

h37


Name_eng: 
Magic device lost by a failure
Description: 

Magic object, device that makes hunting or fishing easy gets into possession of a person who is unable to operate it or abuses it. The device kills or injures the failure himself, other people and/or disappears




Motif

h38


Name_eng: 
Supernatural person comes after his property
Description: 

Supernatural person changes his guise and comes to the hero's children (more rare, to him). They hand him what he asks for and he disappears with his former property is




Motif

i7


Name_eng: 
The cloud serpent
Description: 

A flying reptile produces rain, thunderstorm




Motif

i14


Name_eng: 
No-anus people
Description: 

Person or creature has no anus opening




Motif

i21


Name_eng: 
Red-haired people scorched by the sun
Description: 

People who live in the underworld, at the sunrise or sunset (often dwarfs) are scorched by the Sun which moves by at a short distance from them. They are red-haired, dark-skinned, etc.




Motif

i29


Name_eng: 
Animal’s hole leads to the underworld
Description: 

Person follows an animala through its hole or digs a hole himself and gets into the lower world where the animals who dig holes live




Motif

i33


Name_eng: 
Tree of the dead
Description: 

The ultimate aim of the afterlife journey is to reach certain tree




Motif

i37g


Name_eng: 
Fungi are steps, platforms, obstacles
Description: 

Tree fungi are steps, small platforms, umbrellas, obstacles that make moving easier or more difficult, provide a shelter or cover




Motif

i57


Name_eng: 
Thunder pursues his enemy
Description: 

Thunder's enemies are evil spirits, reptiles, animals living in burrows. They hide from him in different objects, Thunder destroys these objects




Motif

i66


Name_eng: 
Ashes on Milky Way
Description: 

Milky Way is ashes or smoldering coals




Motif

i82a


Name_eng: 
Venus is male
Description: 

Morning and/or Evening Star is a male personage




Motif

i102


Name_eng: 
Milky Way is a tree
Description: 

Milky Way is a tree or a trace of a tree




Motif

i103


Name_eng: 
The dog star
Description: 

Sirius is associated with a dog or a wolf




Motif

i125


Name_eng: 
The Hiades are a jaw-bone
Description: 

The Hyades are a jaw bone or a head of a big animal or anthropomorphic creature




Motif

j9


Name_eng: 
Unborn children talk from the womb
Description: 

A woman is in search of her husband or other person or object. Her unborn children speak from her stomach and shows her the correct way




Motif

j10


Name_eng: 
Insect’s bite
Description: 

A woman loses her way after being bitter by insect (wasp, bee, ant). She accuses her unborn sons of being the cause of the bite and/or slaps herself on her abdomen to punish the sons or to kill the insect. As a consequence her sons are offended and do not show her the correct way anymore




Motif

j11


Name_eng: 
Unborn child asks to pick up some flowers
Description: 

A quarrel between a mother and her sons in her womb flares up after they ask her to pick up flowers or fruits (usually the insect bites her when she picks flowers up)




Motif

j12


Name_eng: 
Travelling girl walks across suitors
Description: 

A girl (or two sisters) travel, usually in search of a proper marriage partner who lives far away or who has gone away. On her way or after reaching the place of destination the girl gets to some unpleasant suitors




Motif

j15


Name_eng: 
Woman gets to dangerous creatures
Description: 

Walking in search of her husband, boyfriend, kinsmen, shelter woman or girl gets to the house of dangerous creatures where she is injured or killed




Motif

j15a


Name_eng: 
Woman gets to jaguars
Description: 

Setting off (usually in search of her husband, boyfriend or kinsmen), woman gets to the place of dangerous felines




Motif

j28a


Name_eng: 
Truth about father
Description: 

Hero asks how one of his parents died and receives a series of false answers. Usually he successively exposes himself to the same dangers, survives and thus demonstrates that truth is still concealed from him




Motif

j47


Name_eng: 
Pursuer falls from height
Description: 

Person ascends to the sky (rare: descends from the sky; ascends the cliff) by a rope, a ladder, etc. Another person tries to follow him or her but the rope (the ladder) is broken or severed




Motif

j58


Name_eng: 
The arrow ladder
Description: 

Persons shoot arrows (darts) which hit each other’s end forming a chain (rope, ladder). Persons climb by this chain to the sky or (rare) across an obstacle




Motif

j59


Name_eng: 
Following arrow to get to the sky
Description: 

To climb to the sky, person must first to shoot an arrow that reaches the sky and sticks to it




Motif

k1e


Name_eng: 
Marooned on an islet
Description: 

Person is marooned on an islet or on another side of a sea or wide river




Motif

k1h


Name_eng: 
Imprisoned in the tree-hollow
Description: 

Person is imprisoned in a tree-hollow or inside a rock and is released by somebody who makes a hole from outside




Motif

k2


Name_eng: 
The destroyed ladder
Description: 

Hero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)




Motif

k4


Name_eng: 
The bird nester
Description: 

Person climbs up a tree or rock or descends to a cave to get eggs or nestlings from the bird's nest. Another person remains on the ground. They get into conflict and/or the first person is unable to get back to the ground




Motif

k6


Name_eng: 
Vine from body excretions
Description: 

A vine grows from person's or animal's tears, mucus, urine, etc.




Motif

k8a


Name_eng: 
Jonah: swallowed by monster
Description: 

Person gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)




Motif

k13a


Name_eng: 
Person with cut off leg ascends to the sky
Description: 

Person's leg (rare: both legs) is cut, torn, bitten off, injured. He (rare: she) ascends to the sky: to the Moon; turns into the Moon, Sun, star, constellation; blood from the injured leg makes the sky red




Motif

k25


Name_eng: 
Magic wife
Description: 

A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world




Motif

k27n


Name_eng: 
Difficult tasks of the in-laws
Description: 

A man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage




Motif

k32


Name_eng: 
The false wife
Description: 

An ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.




Motif

k47c


Name_eng: 
Origin of dogs
Description: 

A woman marries a dog, gives birth to the ancestors of present dogs who are people's helpers and friends




Motif

l3


Name_eng: 
Husband turns into demon
Description: 

A demon takes appearance of a man and comes to his wife or (rare) to other woman. The woman (alone or with her child) runs away and/or kills the monster (herself or with somebody's help)




Motif

l7


Name_eng: 
Chasing an animal by mistake
Description: 

Instead of chasing a person, a bush spirit, a monster or a dangerous animal follows by mistake an object or animal that moves nearby




Motif

l11


Name_eng: 
Turtle-bench
Description: 

In a non-human world objects of everyday life have appearance of animals and monsters, mainly fish, amphibians and reptiles




Motif

l15a


Name_eng: 
Vulnerable place on the body
Description: 

The only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s or creature’s body and not in his inner organs




Motif

l24


Name_eng: 
Monsters suffocated
Description: 

Demons (or one of them) attack people and return to their den (usually a cave or tree hollow). People make suffocating fire around the den killing most or all of the demons




Motif

l44a


Name_eng: 
Give me your liver
Description: 

A man hides in a shelter. An ogre wants him to give certain parts of his body. The man gives the ogre instead parts of the body of a killed animal. The ogre does not understand the deceit, gives in response parts of his own body and dies




Motif

l53


Name_eng: 
Stones into the maw
Description: 

A monstrous being is killed or neutralized by (burning hot) stones (pieces of metal, heavy fruits, etc.) thrown into its maw or anus or the being retreats when they menace to throw a stone into its maw




Motif

l78


Name_eng: 
Toad-jaguar
Description: 

Mixed traits of toad and jaguar in iconography; a toad or frog transforms into a jaguar; a toad or frog is a jaguar's mother or wife




Motif

l84


Name_eng: 
Unfit axes
Description: 

Bush spirits and the like try to cut down a tree. The attempt fails because their axes are good for nothing being made of turtle shells, clay, etc.




Motif

l88


Name_eng: 
Ogre returns to life
Description: 

A man kills an ogre. When he later comes and touches the ogre's remains, the latter revives




Motif

m7


Name_eng: 
Hero waiting to be picked up
Description: 

Getting into the lower or upper world, to an island, a country at the horizon, etc. a man is unable to move further and waits for somebody who could bring him to his destination. Some animals, birds or celestial bodies pass by, the last one (often the Sun or the Moon) picks him up and brings to the place he is eager to go




Motif

m9


Name_eng: 
Stuck in a tree hollow
Description: 

Person who puts her or his head or hand into a tree hollow or (rare) other hole is stuck fast in it or falls into the hollow and dies or undergoes a metamorphosis




Motif

m10


Name_eng: 
A girl and a honey
Description: 

A girl or a woman who was stuck in a tree-hollow when she tried to extract honey or who was greedily sucking honey otherwise, dies or turns into the honey or into the bee




Motif

m11a


Name_eng: 
Fish extracted from body
Description: 

Person serves people fish extracted from her or his own body




Motif

m14a


Name_eng: 
Roasted alive
Description: 

To revenge on his wife and her kinsfolk, a man roasts her alive




Motif

m29qq


Name_eng: 
Trickster is an anteater
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is an anteater




Motif

m70


Name_eng: 
An elder person poisons a younger one with intestinal gas
Description: 

Old person tricks a young man into smelling her or his intestinal gas




Motif

m70a


Name_eng: 
Old woman is pierced through
Description: 

An old woman defecates or breaks wind over a man. He kills her inserting a cutting object into her anus or vagina




Motif

m73


Name_eng: 
Exchanged excrements or vomits: who is stronger
Description: 

Two (animal) persons compare their feces or vomits to know about the diet and habits of each other (who is the strongest). The weaker one gets to exchange the feces (vomits)




Motif

l7a


Name_eng: 
Sticking demon: first to person and then to animal
Description: 

A demon who sticks to other creatures and refuses to get down sticks first to a person and then to an animal or first to an animal and then to a bird




Motif

k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)


Name_eng: 
Competitions and difficult tasks
Description: 

Person is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life




Motif

k27n3c


Name_eng: 
Task-giver is a zoomorphic being
Description: 

Person who gives difficult tasks to the hero is associated with an animal, a bird or a fish




Motif

j6


Name_eng: 
Children of murdered woman grow up with her murderers
Description: 

Pregnant woman is killed (and eaten up). Twins are cut off from her womb. They should be eaten too but survive, live (unrecognized) in the house of the antagonists and revenge on them




Motif

j21


Name_eng: 
Birth from eggs
Description: 

Gods, first people or founders of the royal lineages are born from eggs




Motif

k177


Name_eng: 
The travelling heroine
Description: 

A girl or young woman sets off to find or return her fience or her husband or she escapes from a fanger and ultimately marries happily




Motif

k10


Name_eng: 
Fight with the monstrous bird
Description: 

Monstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it




Motif

m75


Name_eng: 
Valuables taken off the vultures
Description: 

Person attracts and catches the carrion-eaters (usually some birds) and thanks to this obtains valuables retrieves valuables (fire, woman, animals, etc.)




Motif

g24


Name_eng: 
Food from the sky
Description: 

First seeds (sprouts, tubors) of cultivated plants or of important edible wild plants are brought from the sky (received from the sky-dwellers)




Motif

l31


Name_eng: 
People stick to monster
Description: 

People against their will must follow an object, a creature, or a person (usually stick to it) who/which leads or carries them far away, usually into the water or to the sky




Motif

k25e


Name_eng: 
Magic wife is an ancestor
Description: 

All humans, members of a particular ethnic or social group or a ruling dynasty are believed to descend from a mortal man and a woman of supernatural origin




Motif

m73a


Name_eng: 
Exchanged excrements
Description: 

Two (animal) persons compare their feces (with different purpose). One of them gets to exchange them




Motif

m11


Name_eng: 
The unclean food
Description: 

Person feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food




Motif

m7a1


Name_eng: 
Celestial bodies move above the hero
Description: 

Person gets to a place from which he is unable to come out. Several (more than two) different celestial bodies rise and move near him or above him. He puts attention to them (and asks their help)




Motif

f34b


Name_eng: 
The paramour is not a human being
Description: 

A girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior




Motif

j4a


Name_eng: 
Revenge for the death of the mother
Description: 

A woman is murdered. Her son or children (rare: grandchildren, nephews) revenge for her death




Motif

j1


Name_eng: 
The vengeful heroes
Description: 

Persons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Cayapo (incl. Kubenkranken, Pau d’Arco, Shikrin or Xikrin)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Wayana, Aparai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Rikbaktsa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Shipibo, Conibo, Setebo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Mundurucu, Curuaia
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Pemon: Arekuna (incl. Kamarakoto), Taulipang (Taurepan)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Guiana Kariña, Kaliña, Galibi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Mocovi; Kechua of Santiago del Estero with probable Guaikuruan substratum; Abipon
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Pomo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Tunica

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Wayana, Aparai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Rikbaktsa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Warao
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Nambikwara
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Waiwai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Wayapi, Emerillon
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Bolivian Guarani: Chiriguano (including assimilated Chane Arawaks), Pauserna (=Guarasu), Guarayu, Tapiete
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Guiana Kariña, Kaliña, Galibi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Napo (Quijo), Kanelo (“Jungle Kechua”)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Yagua