Northern Shoshone



Tradition title rus: 
Северные шошони
Areal ID: 
12.7.1.6
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
95.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
35.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a1The old sunAnother sun, usually less benevolent and/or powerful, existed before the present one
a21Luminaries are objects fixed in the skyThe sun and/or the moon are inanimate objects thrown up to the sky or fixed in the sky
a2aThe sun is a source of distructive heatThe world was or will be (almost) burned when several suns had (will) appear(ed) simultaneously; or the only sun was too hot (or bright)
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a32ePerson with an object in handsPerson who holds some object in his or her hands is seen in the moon (rare: in the sun)
a37The Sun is attacked with weaponsPerson intentionally and with special equipment (usually shooting arrows) attacks the Sun (or several suns if they were many)
b13aStream follows personA stream of water (with a monster in it) pursues person who tries to escape from it
b28Travelling transformerThe transformer walks along coming across different persons and creatures, transforming them into birds, animals, stones, shrines, etc. (or transforming monstrous animals into present day ones) and introducing cultural norms, landscape features, etc.
b28bPacification of thingsHero comes to a country where inhabitants are afraid of objects or plants who attack them. He easily overcomes these objects and transforms them in what they are now
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b44aCouncil on seasons: units of timeAnimals (Melanesia: persons) discuss the number of discrete units of time that should be in a certain calendar period or in the night
b44cShould warmth and light exist?It is discussed if darkness or light, cold or warm periods should exist
b44eDispute of ancestorsThe primeval ancestors (usually birds and animals) participate in discussion concerning the desired predominance or wamth/light or cold/darkness, number of the units of time in a tempoi cycle, etc.
b92Flint person turns into flintsPerson whose body is extraordinary hard and invulnerable or (rare) a small object is broken to pieces that turn into flints or other hard stones (the origin of flints)
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
d4eCoyote or fox obtain fireCoyote or fox bring people the fire, the daylight or the Sun
d4jRabbit obtains fireFire owner, stealer, or stealer's companion is a rabbit, a hare or (among the Ofaie) a guinea pig
d4mFire owners dancePerson comes to the owners of fire or light. They feast and dance. He joins them and in a proper moment carries away the valuables
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
h18Hoarded game releasedGame animals were concentrated in one single place. Certain person lets them disperse in the world
h20Fish disperse in the worldAll the fish or (rare) shellfish) was concentrated in one place. Certain person lets it lose or puts it into the rivers or sea
h20aMistress of fish loses itA woman (a girl, several women) keeps all the fish for herself. Man comes and lets fish escape into rivers or sea.
i15No-mouth peopleAnthropomorphic beings have no mouths
i17Body anomalies of inhabitants of a distant landBeings without mouth, anus, genitals, whose women do not know how to give birth live in the underworld, in the sky, or in a far-away land
i22Objects in permanent movementThere are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)
i22gClapping rocksThere are mountains or rocks which permanently collide and separate again from each other or a crack (jaws) in a vertical cliff which is opening and closing
i45aNot to point at the Moon or a starPerson who points at the Moon or a star or looks intently at them will get sick or die or his pointing finger will rot or wither
i45bNot to point at the rainbowIt to point at the rainbow, pointing finger or entire arm will rot, wither or become crooked
i65Milky Way of the deadMilky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession
i69Star dungShining sky objects or atmospheric phenomena are excrements of sky dwellers
i93Milky Way is the backboneMilky Way is the backbone of the sky or of all the world
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j12Travelling girl walks across suitorsA girl (or two sisters) travel, usually in search of a proper marriage partner who lives far away or who has gone away. On her way or after reaching the place of destination the girl gets to some unpleasant suitors
j13Two sistersTwo sisters (if more, only two play a significant role in the plot) travel and meet an unpleasant suitor or get to an ogre
j25Babies escape and returnHeroes (usually one or two), being still babies or embryos, escape or are thrown away, often into the water. To bring them back into the human world, they are lured (persuaded) to come out or caught with difficulty
j26Babies come out of the waterBaby heroes, embryos or objects from which they emerge are found in a river or lake or come to people out of the water
j27Lodge-boy and Thrown-awayA small boy (several babies) was thrown away, born by the dead woman, lives in the water (in forest, etc.). Another boy lives with his father or mother. Ultimately the first boy comes to live in the locus of the second one. Often (see motif j25, Babies escape and return) during some time the boy who lives in the wilderness meets secretly with his brother (with other children, with pups that had been fed up by his mother) who lives with the people
j44The broken bridgePerson or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice
j45The stretched out leg (crane bridge)Person stretches his or her leg or neck as a bridge across water body. The fugitives or those who walk ahead cross the bridge; the persecutor or those who are behind usually fall because the person takes his bridge off
j4aRevenge for the death of the motherA woman is murdered. Her son or children (rare: grandchildren, nephews) revenge for her death
j52Two animal persons and their childrenA person (usually zoomorphic and female) treacherously kills her (his) companion. The victim's children revenge on the murderer killing her own children
j52aBear as antagonistA bear-person (usually Bear-woman) kills her or his female companion who is associated with a weaker animal – not a predator or a weaker predator. The victim's children revenge on the antagonist killing her own children and / or run away and escape
j53The fawns and the cubsChildren of the ungulate animal person (deer, doe, antelope) become the enemies of a predator or bigger ungulate animal person. They kill her (him) and (or) successively escape from her (him)
j53aTo involve in a game and to killA child suggests another to play. The one who has been invited follows the rules but the initiator does not do it and kills the other
j53a1A way of the revenge: to lure into the smoke and fireThe victim’s children kill the murderer’s children luring them in a place where the die of smoke or heath
j53cOne of two female companions kills anotherTwo co-wives of female companions live together, both have children. Once when they go to work outdoors (usually to gather wild plants), one of them kills and devours another. The victim's children escape
k10Fight with the monstrous birdMonstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it
k10dBird carries man to an islandA flying monster carries a man to a far away island. There he gets to kill the monster. To return, he uses a boat, a bridge or a rope made of parts of the monster's body
k12Woman is lost and returnedBy trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back
k176A man in search of the womanA (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
k177The travelling heroineA girl or young woman sets off to find or return her fience or her husband or she escapes from a fanger and ultimately marries happily
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27eEating or drinking contestPerson or animal must eat (drink) enormous quantity of food (beverage) or eat or drink poisonous beverage or food
k27kDiving contestA contest: to dive deep or for a long time
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n1Task-giver is a king or a chiefPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero and/or person who demands the fulfillment of certain conditions from those who want to marry his daughter is a prominent figure in social hierarchy. He is a head of the socio-political unit of community or super-community level and is neither a member of the hero’s household nor a mythical being
k27o3Competition between two teamsTwo groups of participants compete in fulfilling difficult tasks or are engaged into the game in which one team plays against another (at least two episodes with different participants from both sides). The participants are either anthropomorphic who possess different extraordinary qualities or they are different animals (natural phenomena, elements, etc.). {Texts in which the main participants are anthropomorphic and competitions are win by animals who accompany the hero are not included}
k27sContest: a raceContest: a race
k27xy(Animal-)persons with different qualities in the camp of their adversariesEach of several men (male animals of different species) surpasses all others in some kind of activity. They get to the place of their adversaries and thanks to their special qualities win different competitions and survive in dangerous situations. The tale is not related to the quest of a marriage partner
k34Fatal swingPerson kills others inviting them to sit on a swing and launching them into water, on rocks, etc.
k35False husbandAn imposter pretends to be the hero to take his position and/or to marry or to violate his woman
k41Thunder against a serpent Thunder or giant bird fights against a reptile, big water animal or other big and strong creature who lives in water or under the earth
k44False mother rejectedA demonic or animal person steals a boy and pretends to be his real mother or father. The boy gets to know the truth, leaves the false parent
k44aFrog pretends to be motherAn amphibian (frog, toad, rare newt) steals or finds a boy, lies him that she is his real mother
k48Singing bird of the heroAn antagonist wants that a wonderful bird of the hero sing but it remains mute or cries differently. The bird begins to sing when the hero triumphs over his adversaries
k48aBirds decorate hero’s attireAlive birds and beasts decorate hero's costume and headgear. Imposter steals hero's attire, takes his place but the birds and beasts are mute or cry differently
k71Coyote first betrays and then saves his brotherCoyote's brother is victorious against numerous enemies as far as Coyote does not break some taboo. Enemies kill the brother. Coyote gets his remains, escapes, revives him
k75The youngest daughter is willing (The loathsome bridegroom)A girl (usually the youngest of several sisters) does not reject but marries a poor, sick, dirty, old, too young, non-human, etc. man who later demonstrates his supernatural qualities
l102Escape from animal husbandSeriously of for fun, a girl or a woman names an animal or remains of an animal as her husband or steps on the animal’s bones. The animal (revives and) carries her away. Her human husband or brother comes after her and they run away. The animal husband pursues them but abandons the chase or dies
l33Rolling stoneStone chases people to crash them
l33aRock pursues stealerTrickster takes off an object (often a blanket) that lies on or near a rock or other seemingly inanimate object and that has been presented to it. The object pursues or otherwise punishes the stealer
l33fGoatsucker breaks RockRolling rock pursues person. The person cries for help, and goatsucker breaks Rock to pieces
l41Hero escapes on the wayAn ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house
l46Head downwardPerson ascends, descends, walks head downward or sees the world upside down
l50Cliff ogreA person kills those who are passing by him. Usually he does not attack them all of a sudden but first distracts their attention. Usually he throws down his victims into a precipice, lake, etc.
l53Stones into the mawA monstrous being is killed or neutralized by (burning hot) stones (pieces of metal, heavy fruits, etc.) thrown into its maw or anus or the being retreats when they menace to throw a stone into its maw
l57Person gets his body part backPerson loses his organ or body part, it is carried away. He finds its new owner, gets his property back
l57aHero's body part is returned by his companionThe antagonists acquire person’s organ or body part (his remains) . Another person gets back what has been stolen and the first one revives (becomes strong again)
l80A drop of bloodA demonic person or animal is killed but revives or can revive if a small piece of its flesh or blood goes out of control
m11cPerson gets lard from his bodyA male person cuts or roasts his own body to extract meat, lard or blood, cooks it and serves to his guest without injuring himself. Such a food is not considered to be unclean
m122Advisers insideIn a difficult situation animal person asks for advice his tail, anus or some beings that are inside him (excrements, parasites, his "sisters", etc.)
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m29eTrickster-skunkIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is skunk
m38Stupid imitation (all versions)Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food
m38aThe bungling hostBeing on a visit to other people or (more often) animals, an (animal)-person sees them act using magic or according to their animal nature. Back at home, he imitates their actions and gets in trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and mostly refer to providing and cooking food
m38a1Imitating wife’s kinfolkPerson imitates actions of his son- or brothers-in-law or (among Comox and Halcomelem) of his wives
m46The false babyPlanning to get or to return valuables, person turns into baby or in a small objects that has power to impregnate a woman. The picked up or the born baby steals the valuables and acquires his real guise (including cases according to which the girl herself is the desired valuable)
m46aA stratagem: the picked up babyPerson turns into baby, is picked up by the owner of valuables, steals the valuables or makes love to a woman. The baby is not a demonic creature and does not plan to kill those who picked him up (cf. motif L60)
m49Man in a skin of anotherHero comes across a (animal-)person from an enemy group and takes his or her appearance, usually dressing himself in a skin of his victim; after this he penetrates the enemy camp
m49aThe substituted medicine-womanThe hero has to come unrecognized to the meeting place of his enemies. He meets an old woman (usually a shaman, a medicine-woman) who goes there, puts on her skin and acquires her appearance
m50Man follows starsA man tries to join a group of persons who are or become stars (usually the Pleiades) but suffers a reverse; or he pursues the stars to have sexual contact or to be reintegrated with members of his family
m84Revived from bonesPerson, animal, fish or (rare) a fruit is eaten up and then revived, usually after all bones (all seeds) being put together
m84bBones thrown into the waterButchered and eaten animal, bird or fish revives after its bones are thrown into the water
m86Rock punishes tricksterRock chases or otherwise punishes person who has offended it (usually deceived it or has taken objects that belong to Rock)


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 8 Tradition: Ute
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition:
Northern Paiute (=Paviotso)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Western Shoshone, Gosiute
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Thompson (Nlaka'pamux)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Coeur D'Alene, Kalispel (Pend d'Oreille; incl Spokane)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Southern Paiute
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Shuswap
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Western Sahaptin (Upper Cowlitz, Klikitat, Tenino, Umatilla, Yakima, Wallawalla)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Upper Chinook: Wasco, Wishram, Clackamas, Kathlamet
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Pomo

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition:
Western Shoshone, Gosiute
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Blackfoot
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Ute
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Northern Paiute (=Paviotso)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Upland Yuma: Walapai, Havasupai, Yavapai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Klamath, Modoc
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kawaiisu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Southern Paiute
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Arapaho
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Arikara