Bella Coola (Nuxalk)



Tradition title rus: 
Беллакула (нухалк)
Areal ID: 
12.2.2.3
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
201.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
84.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a18The Sun boatDuring the day and/or the night (in the underworld, beyond the horizon etc.) the Sun and/or the Moon regularly travel in a boat.
a21Luminaries are objects fixed in the skyThe sun and/or the moon are inanimate objects thrown up to the sky or fixed in the sky
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a32ePerson with an object in handsPerson who holds some object in his or her hands is seen in the moon (rare: in the sun)
a32fWater-carrier in the MoonPerson who went to fetch water and/or holds in hands a container for liquid is seen in the moon
a38The Sun caught in snarePerson prepares a snare, loop, noose, etc. to catch the Sun and/or the Sun is caught in a snare, tied by a rope, etc.
a38aSnare of pubic hairThe Sun is caught into snare made of the pubic hair of hero's female relative
a38bMouse gnaws snare openAfter the Sun is caught into snare only mouse, shrew or other small animal is able to cut it open
a42Phaethon: false Sun fails to fulfill his dutyPerson comes to the sun, attempts to fulfill the sun's duty but intentionally or because of a lack of skill does it wrong and the earth suffers from heat etc. (Cf. Earth burned because the bearer of the sun came too low, Boas 2002: 664)
a42aThe Sun’s imitator falls to earth (Phaethon)When a person arrives to the sky his attempt to fulfill the sun's duty fails and he falls to earth (is thrown down to earth)
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
a7aTorches in hands of celestial bodiesLight of the Sun (Moon, Venus) is a torch in hands of the celestial body
b18Light in containerDay light (also warmth, the sun, the moon) is kept as a particular object in a container, under a cover, etc.
b37Creatures are made appear as they are nowPerson decorates different birds (rare: fish), share fat between anomals. Since then, the corresponding species acquire present characteristics
b38The ruined paintingPerson paints birds or animals or they paint each other. Some of them are not satisfied with the result
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b6A man and a woman move around a post and meet each otherThe first or the only survived man and woman move in different directions around a post, a hill, etc. When they come together they marry each other
b82The white ravenRaven or other carrion-eating bird of dark color and a similar size was originally white
b97Grateful person makes the bird pretty Grateful person decorates (rare: punishes) a bird who lives near water (kingfisher, loon, goose), thence its appearance (crest, beak, feathers)
b97aThe necklace of bird or animalA strip of light or dark feathers or hair on the neck of a bird or animal is its necklace
c11Divine father avenges his sonPerson uses his supernatural powers to destroy a large group of people who have offended or insulted his son
c16Processed objects turn into animalsAgainst person's will, butchered, dried or cooked meat, tanned hides, etc. turn back into animals or fish and escape.
c16aThe offended mistress of animalsMistress of animals or fish revives them after being offended
c19Acquisition of the sunThe Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)
c2Deluge and conflagration combinedInhabitans of the Middle World are (partly) destroyed (or will be destoyed) once by fire or draught, another time by a flood or the world is destroyed with a flood of fire or boiling water
c6Valuables brought from the lower worldPersons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)
c6bThe diver is muskrat (otter, beaver)A muskrat (more rare beaver or otter) brings the desired object from under the water
c6cThe diver is a birdAn aquatic bird dives and brings the desired object from the bottom
c6c1Birds: successful and unsuccessful diversTwo or more different birds (often a loon and a duck) dive one after another to get earth from under the ocean. Only one of them is successful
c6c3The loon is successful diverThe loon dives and brings a piece of earth (a blade of grass etc.) that is transformed into the dry land or it brings other object which everybody is eager to get (the loon is the only or the only successful diver)
c6dThe aquisition of the earth from the lower worldThe dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)
c8The couple of close relations originates the mankindIn the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister, mother and son, or father and daughters are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents
c8aaBrother and sister beget the peopleIn the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
d4kDeer obtains fireDear steals fire for people
d4lFire from the skyFirst fire is sent to earth from the sky or the ancestors ascend to the sky and bring from there fire or warmth
d4mFire owners dancePerson comes to the owners of fire or light. They feast and dance. He joins them and in a proper moment carries away the valuables
d9Fire and vultureRaven or other big dark-feathered bird scavenger is the owner, personification, spouse, obtainer or stealer of fire, daylight, or the Sun
e10Pets turn into childrenA lonely woman or married couple surprises childred who live nearby in guise of animals (plants, objects). After this the children preserve their human guise
e11The burned skinMagic person reveals his true nature and/or remains with the real people after the object responsible for preserving the non-human appearance (usually an animal skin) is destroyed (usually burned)
e1bPerson of unfit materialsCertain person is made of improper material and proves to be short-lived or unfit for fulfilling his functions
e30The make-believe spouse of woodPerson does not have a spouse, uses wooden fakes for his wife or her husband
e30aMake-believe spouse replaced with alive personPerson does not have a spouse, uses wooden fakes for his wife or her husband till alive person comes to replace it
e31False PygmalionMan makes a wooden doll and pretends that it is alive. Really it is not or it is half-alive. A real woman takes place of a doll, marries the master
e5cPeople from the skyThe first people or first anthropomorphic divine beings descend to earth from the sky.
e9The mysterious housekeeperPerson observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one
e9mBear-wifeMan marries a polar bear or grizzly who becomes a woman or a woman who becomes a bear
f10Vaginal teeth knocked outWoman has another toothed mouth (usually in vagina) or biting animals in vagina. Man inserts there a stone, bone, stick, etc. breaking or knocking out the teeth or extracting from there dangerous animals
f15Person’s penis sticks out of the groundPerson sticks out of the ground his penis that looks like a plant (provoking a woman to sit on it)
f17Misplaced genitaliaOriginally, humans had (had to have; can have under some special confition) their genitals not on the place where they are now; the genitals were absent, or people did not know know their function and used for copulation other parts of the body
f18cGirls at the opposite bankSeeing a girl on the opposite bank of a river, person uses tricks to have sex with her: sends his long penis, transforms his penis into a bridge or a dam, dives and copulates with a girl from under the water
f35Feeding with the paramour’s meatPerson feeds another with the meat of his or her sexual partner who cooks or eats it without knowing whose meat it is
f51The clandestine loverPerson who conceals his or her identity comes to his or her lover (at night). Next time, the lover puts a mark on the stranger's face, body or clothes doing this intentionally (to recognize him or her) or by chance (that leads to the identification)
f60Trickster cures maidenA girl gets sick. A man comes to cure her but only copulates with her or makes an attempt to do so
f7The underwater-maidenMan takes or attempts to take a wife who is connected with the underwater world (fish, crab, snake, water animal and the like)
f86Conditional signalPerson summons with a certain signal a non-human being (usually his or her sexual partner or his or her protégé). Another person spies, uses the same signal or pronounces the same words and kills the being who comes to him (or uses this being sexually himself)
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f9aVagina dentataThere are teeth, blades or sharp stones in woman’s genitals, vagina is the biting mouth. (Only texts that are believed to correspond to reality are considered but not anecdotes and jokes)
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h15Whisper and yawningIf called in a loud voice, ghosts do not hear an alive person but hear whisper, yawning, etc.
h1dThe first dead is rejected by the alive peoplePerson dies and returns soon but people send him or her back, refuse to accept as a member of their community or bury again. Since then death becomes permanent
h28Plagues from the body of a person or creatureKilled and destroyed (often burned) person or creature (usually ogre, fierce animal, powerful shaman) turns into a multitude of biting insects or into other small molesting creatures
h28aMosquitoes from sparks and smokeA burned person or creature immediately turns into a multitude of mosquitoes or biting flies
h32aSuperfertility lost: a maltreated wifeSupernatural woman comes to live with humans. Thanks to that, food becomes easily available. She is maltreated, goes away, temporal superfertility is lost forever
i1The thunderbirdsCreatures that produce rain and/or thunderstorms are birds or anthropomorphic beings with wings; or (rare) some or all birds are connected with thunder, lightning or rain though Thunder is not a bird
i112The monster boatA boat is a fish, a living creature with a mouth, it can swallow people
i23Snapping doorThe door of a house is opening and closing by itself crashing persons who attempt to come in or out
i25The bribed guardsWay to the place of a certain person is guided by dangerous creatures (which often stand on the both sides of the pathway). Person placates them by gifts or nice talk, and they let him or her go the both ways, sometimes being punished for this by their master
i3Weapon of ThunderThe lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being
i73Stars are sparksStars (rare: suns and moons) are sparks or burning coals
i81bHaribda (the origin of tides)It is tide when a creature belches out the sea water or ousts it with its body and it is ebb when it swallows the water or lets it go back (or it is simply told that water periodically emerge and disappears into the maelstrom
i8cThe suspended earthThe earth does not fall down or swing because it is suspended to ropes
i8fOne support of the worldOnly one pole or mountain supports the earth or the sky
i8gAtlasOne giant supports the earth or the sky
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j17Frogs in hairInstead of lice, there are other (bigger or dangerous) creatures in the hair of some persons or he or she pretends that his or her hair is infested with them
j23A late son kills monstersPeople (elder brothers, elder siblings, elder sister) disappear (one by one). A lonely woman has a baby or finds a baby or she becomes pregnant magically and gives birth to a boy or twins. The boy grows up, exterminates the antagonists, usually revives and releases those who had disappeared
j23aA mucus-boyA woman is crying, mucus from her nose (or her tear) turns into a boy who grows up, overcome powerful adversaries
j23cYoungest brother kills monstersPeople (elder brothers, elder siblings, elder sister) disappear (one by one). A lonely woman has a baby or finds a baby or she becomes pregnant magically and gives birth to a boy. The boy grows up, exterminates the antagonists, usually revives and releases those who had disappeared
j39Who killed a rabbit?Antagonist makes a girl or a woman his or her slave. The slave's brothers or sons secretly come to her, kill for her some small game. Woman tries to pursue the antagonist that she herself killed the game
j4Revenge for the death of the male relativesHeroes avenge the murder or captivity of the male relatives: (grand)father, uncles, or the elder relatives in general, the loss of the males being the most traumatic
j40bAvenged prisonersAfter the hero comes back after a long absence and finds his parents enslaved, he tells them to demonstrate openly a lack of respect to their masters and punishes those who were cruel with them
j44The broken bridgePerson or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice
j46Enemy drownsAntagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body
j51One piece is missingPerson or animal is eaten up or destroyed otherwise. His bones are put together and he or it is revived. Because one bone was broken, swallowed or lost (or a drop of blood, a small piece of flesh lost), the person or animal cannot be revived or being revived misses some part of his or its body
j57Son of the SunA virgin girl is impregnated by the Sun and gives birth to a son or twin boys. When her son (or the twins) grows up, he (they) comes to his father
j58The arrow ladderPersons shoot arrows (darts) which hit each other’s end forming a chain (rope, ladder). Persons climb by this chain to the sky or (rare) across an obstacle
j59Following arrow to get to the skyTo climb to the sky, person must first to shoot an arrow that reaches the sky and sticks to it
j61As light as a featherPerson is able to move or to hover in the air like a feather or a bit of fluff
j66The gnawed through bow-stringsHero or his helpers cut or gnaw through bow- and other strings of the enemies, make holes in their canoes in order to forestall pursuit
k12Woman is lost and returnedBy trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back
k176A man in search of the womanA (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
k1dWoman’s brothers maroon her husbandBrothers of a man's wife hate him and maroon on an islet
k1eMarooned on an isletPerson is marooned on an islet or on another side of a sea or wide river
k2The destroyed ladderHero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)
k22Dwarfs and cranesDifferent from (common) people inhabitants of a distant land fight from time to time with non-human enemies who periodically attack them
k22aDwarfs attackedBirds or other creatures which not dangerous for common people attack dwarfs who live in another world
k22bMan helps inhabitants of other worldInhabitants of a distant land who have different nature than (normal) human beings struggle from time to time with some non-human enemies. Man helps local dwellers because their enemies are not dangerous for the human beings
k23Battle with birdsBirds attack the inhabitants of a distant land or a man who had got to this land
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k25a6Magic wife does not forgive the unfaithfulness of the manA wife from the non-human world agrees to live with the mortal man but abandons him when he becomes unfaithful to her (when he visits his mortal wife)
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27lWater covered with iceWhen hero dives, the antagonist covers the water surface with ice or net
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n3aTask-giver is the Sun, Moon, Thunder, or WindPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero is associated with the Sun, Moon, Thunder, or Wind (Cloud, Rain)
k27oBall gameA contest: ball game
k27pAntagonist mourns loss of his helpersThe antagonist sends the hero to the place where he is attacked by dangerous creatures. The hero kills them and brings to the antagonist. The creatures are the antagonist's relatives, pets, or helpers, therefore he or she mourns their death or revives them
k27y1Arrow points made of coalPerson believes or pretends that the arrow points should be of coal, bark, grass and the like.
k29aSurviving in a fireHero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation
k32The false wifeAn ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.
k32cTrue wife turns into owlWhen the imposter takes place of the real wife, the latter turns into owl
k34Fatal swingPerson kills others inviting them to sit on a swing and launching them into water, on rocks, etc.
k43aCompassionate person saves firePeople abandon a boy, a girl, brother and sister, a group of children, or a young family without fire and food. A compassionate person conceals hot coals for the outlaws in the abandoned camp
k43bBird brings some meatPeople abandon a boy, a girl, brother and sister, a group of children, or a young family without fire and food. The outlaws demonstrate supernatural powers or protectors providing food and lodging. While the abandoned persons have plenty of food other people starve. A person (often a bird like crow, magpie, sea-gull, etc.) visits the abandoned ones and brings from them some food home. This way people get to know that the abandoned ones prosper
k47aA woman and a dogAfter having sexual contact with a dog, a woman gives birth to his children. The puppies turn into humans and usually become ancestors of particular groups of people
k50False wife beheads enemyA man disguised as a woman comes to his enemy and kills him at night (usually cuts off and carries away his head)
k52Rescue from the sea bottomWhen a woman or a lad comes to the sea bank, she or he is carried away by sea predators (killer-whales, sharks, swordfish). Man descends to the bottom and rescues the woman or lad using his shaman's power
k52aSlave pours water on fireplaceA man descends to the bottom of the sea to rescue his wife. He makes arrangements with a slave who pours water on fireplace producing steam. Hidden behind the steam, the man escapes with his wife
k52bBroken adzeA man comes to the non-human beings to get a woman. He secures the help of a slave repairing his adze or axe
k66cThe bear takes human spouseThe bear (lion) takes a woman for sexual partner or the she-bear takes a man. They have children who look like humans or bear cubs. More rare the woman gives birth to her son in the bear den because being abducted by the bear she was pregnant
k74Hero, his companions and a dwarfThe hero and his companion or companions live together. Every morning one stays at home while another or others go to hunt, etc. A demonic person comes, eats up all the food and beats the cook. Or the man who remained at home comes to the demon himself in search of fire and is maltreated by him. The hero kills or neutralizes the demon
k74aOnly the hero gets to overcome the demon whose track he then follows Every time a demon commits an outrage upon one of the men who remains at home. When it is the hero’s turn, he overcomes the demon and follows his track to his world
k77aSmall objects and animals defeat the ogreSmall objects and animals (rare: animals alone but including those who really are harmless) revenge on a powerful enemy making attack on him in succession (usually they hide in his or her house); the enemy is badly injured, runs away or dies
k77cOnes who hide in a house frighten dangerous enemyObjects and/or domestic animals live in a house. When dangerous enemy comes, they attack him, he dies or escapes (all texts with K77A and K77B included)
k86Weeping child stolenBecause a small child is ignored or punished by its parents (usually it cries late in the evening), bush spirit or animal carries it away
k87Marriage with an animal creates problemsA woman becomes the wife of an animal (rare: other non-human being). Her husband cares for her but ultimately the animal, the woman, her children or her relations are killed, she turns into an animal herself, animals and humans become enemies, etc.
k87bWoman steps into bears’ dungGathering berries a woman steps into bear's dung and curses bears. A bear abducts her and marries her. Her human husband, her brothers, or supernatural person kill the bears
k8aJonah: swallowed by monsterPerson gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
k8cJonah: swallowed by terrestrial animalPerson gets into the belly of ground animal or bird. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
k8c5Bear dies after swallowing mouseAnimal person (mammal, bird, fish) of a small size (less than a fox) gets inside the bear and kills him from the inside (usually eat his meat)
l105Invisible missileAnimal, fish or person wounded by hero runs or swims away, usually with the man's projectile in his or her body. Local doctors are not able to cure the wound (usually because they do not see the projectile). The hero or his companion comes to the place where the wounded one lives and cures him or her (usually extracting his projectile from the wound)
l111Hook from the skyThe sky dwellers fish human beings who live on earth with a line and a hook
l15aVulnerable place on the bodyThe only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s or creature’s body and not in his inner organs
l1aWoman turns into the bearA young woman turns into the bear (in Asia, into the tiger) and attacks her husband or close relatives
l1bBear-woman and her sisterA young woman turns into monstrous bear. She kills most of the people besides her younger sister (Ojibwa: younger sister of her former husband). Their brothers return from a hunt, kill the bear or she dies pursuing them
l24Monsters suffocatedDemons (or one of them) attack people and return to their den (usually a cave or tree hollow). People make suffocating fire around the den killing most or all of the demons
l29Fish from a forest poolPerson catches fish in a place where it ought not live, i.e. in a forest pond or in a tree hollow isolated from other water bodies. After eating he dies, is transformed and/or attacked by monsters
l31People stick to monsterPeople against their will must follow an object, a creature, or a person (usually stick to it) who/which leads or carries them far away, usually into the water or to the sky
l31aChildren carried away to the skyAn object descends from the sky. Playing children climb on it or stick to it, it carries them away to the sky
l39Hero is compelled to descend from a treeWhen a person climbs a tree, a demon comes to it and carries the person away, or the person follows the demon to his world by his own will
l40Reflection and shadowPerson discovers (rare:still fails to discover) another getting to see his or her shadow or reflection in water
l40aWoman takes reflection of a youth for her ownAn ugly woman gets to see in water a reflection of a youth who is up in a tree. She takes it for her own reflection and thinks that she has become beautiful
l41Hero escapes on the wayAn ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house
l42Hero carried to ogre’s homeAn ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes
l42aOgre steals corpsesAn ogre steals fresh corpses from graves and devours them
l49Body parts falling downBody parts of a person or pieces of his flesh are thrown down one by one. (In American Indian versions those who are on the ground usually take them for game, honey, fish)
l56Fire in monster’s bellyA monster or a big animal dies when fire is kindled in its belly
l57Person gets his body part backPerson loses his organ or body part, it is carried away. He finds its new owner, gets his property back
l59Avaricious woman: metamorphosisMan's wife, sister or mother eats all the nest food alone, she is transformed in punishment
l65dYounger sister of cannibal womanWhen the elder sister becomes a cannibal, the younger one (temporarily) escapes. Cf. motifs L1B, L65C
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l72aComb becomes a thicketRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws a comb (a brush) that turns into mighty obstacle (usually a thicket) on the way of the pursuer. (In South America the motif is probably of European origin)
l72bWhetstone becomes a mountainRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws objects that turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer. One of the thrown objects is a whetstone which turns into a mountain
l72jObstacle flight: the thrown awl (needle) turns into many awls (needles)Running away from a dangerous being, person throws an awl or a needle which turn into many awls (needles)
l72kObstacle flight: the thrown bottle with oilRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws a small vessel with oil. The oil turns into the lake or river. (Only North American variants are considered. In the Old World the motif is rare and is not restricted to particular region. In North America the oil to anoint the haur is probably meant in all cases).
l73a1Obstacle flight: fog createdFugitive throws an object behind himself and thus creates fog or darkness in front of pursuer
l85One-sided peopleOne-sided people have one leg and/or also one arm, one half of a head, etc. The second leg is not cut or burned off, preserved as a stump but is absent completely
l97Persons rooted to the groundThe hero gets to see a person who cannot move being nailed to the ground (misses the lower part of the body, etc.) but escapes the same fate
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m115The eaten up wolfUsing a trick, (animal)-person kills a dangerous animal. Kinsmen and friends of the killed animal get to know about it and come to avenge its death. The person has narrow escape
m11cPerson gets lard from his bodyA male person cuts or roasts his own body to extract meat, lard or blood, cooks it and serves to his guest without injuring himself. Such a food is not considered to be unclean
m12The unlucky hunterNot to return home empty-handed, a hunter or (rare) a fisherman cuts off a piece of flesh from his body (usually from his calf) or (more rare) extracts his blood or entrails. Usually he brings his flesh or blood to other people pretending that is a good game or fish; or a woman cuts off a piece of flesh from her calf to feed her husband
m15Tied to a treeA girl or young woman is tied to the top of a tree or impaled on the sharpened top of a tree and abandoned by a man. Somebody (usually her brothers) attempt to save her
m16Ugly or sick one becomes healthy and handsomeA kinfolk (often his mother) or wife (bride) of a sick (ugly, old) man or boy do not care for him. He becomes healthy (and handsome), punishes and/or abandons those who were evil with him
m17Woman lies that man missedA blind man or lad kills an animal. His wife or (grand)mother lies that he has missed, cooks and eats all the meat alone
m17bWife deceives her blind husbandWife of a blind man helps him to shoot a game but lies that he missed and secretly eats meat alone
m18Stolen arrows and hooksPerson transforms himself into an object of hunting or fishing, provokes hunters of fishermen to catch or shoot him and carries way the tools that they use (arrows, darts, harpoons, hooks, baits). Or he fishes by turning himself into a hook. Or he is caught but escapes turning back into a person
m18bGetting fishing hook or harpoonPerson turns into a fish to steal fishing hook or harpoon or he turns into fishing hook to catch a fish
m29aTrickster-ravenIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is raven
m29b2The bear is a failure/enemyBecause of its stupidity or unsocial behavior, the bear suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29cTrickster-jayIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is Canada jay
m29dTrickster-minkIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is mink
m29fWolverine is a failure Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the wolverine suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29rTrickster is a porcupineIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is a porcupine
m38Stupid imitation (all versions)Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food
m38aThe bungling hostBeing on a visit to other people or (more often) animals, an (animal)-person sees them act using magic or according to their animal nature. Back at home, he imitates their actions and gets in trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and mostly refer to providing and cooking food
m46The false babyPlanning to get or to return valuables, person turns into baby or in a small objects that has power to impregnate a woman. The picked up or the born baby steals the valuables and acquires his real guise (including cases according to which the girl herself is the desired valuable)
m46bA stratagem: baby born by womanPerson turns into tiny object or creature. Touching or swallowing it, the woman conceives and gives birth to a baby-boy. The boy steals valuables or make love to the woman
m46cSwallowed conifer-needlePerson turns into conifer-needle, a tiny particle, a small insect. Swallowing it by chance, the woman becomes pregnant and gives birth to a boy
m49Man in a skin of anotherHero comes across a (animal-)person from an enemy group and takes his or her appearance, usually dressing himself in a skin of his victim; after this he penetrates the enemy camp
m49aThe substituted medicine-womanThe hero has to come unrecognized to the meeting place of his enemies. He meets an old woman (usually a shaman, a medicine-woman) who goes there, puts on her skin and acquires her appearance
m53Hoodwinked dancersPerson invites birds or animals (usually geese and ducks) to dance or stand around him and concentrate their attention on some activity (usually to dance with their eyes shut), kills them, usually one by one. Or (rare) he dances himself with his eyes shut and then kills water fowl who gather around him
m53dWould believe enemiesPerson creates figures that look like enemies or pretends that enemies come. People run away, person gets all valuables for himself
m59Treacherous rider kills ferry animalA small animal asks bigger one to bring him across the stream, rejects one by one all possible places to sit; finds the position that lets him kill the big animal after crossing the stream
m59aPorcupine waiting for ferrymanPorcupine asks other animal to ferry him across river, rejects different places to sit, occupies a place where he can easily kill the animal after crossing the river and really kills him
m60aA hunter comes to one whom he woundedAn animal or a supernatural creature is wounded but escapes. Local doctors are helpless. The hero or his companion, masked as a doctor, comes to the wounded one and either cures or kills him.
m62aQuarrel provoked by action [not in correlation table]Hero imperceptibly causes detriment to two persons or creatures. They accuse each other and fight
m76Person climbs a tree, leg is cut offWhen a man climbs a tree, a woman cuts his leg off or when a woman climbs a tree, a man cuts her leg off
m81Blind personsA man travels and comes to two or several blind (usually old) persons
m81bNot to climb after an arrow stuck in a treeDespite a warning not to do so, person climbs in a tree to get his arrow that was stuck and gets into trouble (Cf. Tree, from which an arrow is supposed to be fetched, grows up high and thus carries the arrow’s owner into the sky, Boas 2002: 662)
m81dBlind persons curedA man comes across (often in the sky) one or two blind persons and cures their eyes
m83Who is older?Somebody claims that he has been born before present world came into being. His opponent claims the same, and they argue who of them is the older
m84Revived from bonesPerson, animal, fish or (rare) a fruit is eaten up and then revived, usually after all bones (all seeds) being put together
m84bBones thrown into the waterButchered and eaten animal, bird or fish revives after its bones are thrown into the water
m84b1A journey to the land of the fishA man visits the place from there the salmons come to the human world
m87Invisible ghostsPerson enters a seemingly empty house and attempts to take certain things. Invisible beings prevent him from doing it or objects themselves hurt him
m93Body part as a guardBefore falling asleep, person tells his eyes (which he extracts and puts aside) or his anus to awake him in case of danger. Eyes or anus do not make an alarm or person himself does not react to it. As a result he suffers a damage
m93aGuard punishedPerson punishes the part of his body which he selected as his guard for the time of his sleep or absence (he burns his buttocks, breaks eyes)


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Kwakiutl (Kwakwaka'wakw)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Heiltsuk (Bellabella), Oowekeeno
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tlingit
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Menominee
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Western Ojibwa (Chippewa)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Lower Chinook (Chinook proper)
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Comox, Pentlatch
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Carrier
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Sechelt (incl Sisiatl), Squamish, Halcomelem
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Nivkh

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Kwakiutl (Kwakwaka'wakw)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Nootka (Nu-chah-nulth), Makah
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tlingit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Carrier
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Heiltsuk (Bellabella), Oowekeeno
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Haida
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Tutchone
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Quileute, Chemakum (Hoh)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Tagish
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Sechelt (incl Sisiatl), Squamish, Halcomelem