Lower Chinook (Chinook proper)



Tradition title rus: 
Нижние, или собственно чинук
Areal ID: 
12.3.7.1
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
72.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
23.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
b28Travelling transformerThe transformer walks along coming across different persons and creatures, transforming them into birds, animals, stones, shrines, etc. (or transforming monstrous animals into present day ones) and introducing cultural norms, landscape features, etc.
b28dUnrecognized TransformerPersons do not understand with whom they are talking and tell the Transformer that they are making weapons to kill such and such a person or thinking about how to hide from him. The Transformer kills them of transforms them into animals
b28d1Man transformed into deer, his knives into antlersUnrecognized Transformer meets a man who tells him that he prepares knives (a spear) to kill Transformer. The latter transforms him into deer, his knives or spear into deer antlers
b31Women turn into water mammalA woman (usually after a conflict with a man or remaining alone) or a man and a woman (married couple, lovers, brother and sister) turn into water mammals
b75cSounds of the time of creation: a sound of the surfThe sound of the surf or of the river rapids is heard from the time of creation
b96The antagonist turns into sturgent The heroe's enemy turns into a big fish (usually a sturgent) or (rare) a water mammal that are fished or hunted by people
c6Valuables brought from the lower worldPersons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)
c6bThe diver is muskrat (otter, beaver)A muskrat (more rare beaver or otter) brings the desired object from under the water
e4Creation from dirt of the skinSupernatural person creates the entire earth, human or other beings of dirt taken from his or her skin, from under the nails, etc.
f28cBear penis in hands of old womanWoman masturbates with penis of a big animal killed by a man of her household
f40aHusband of the first womenAn anthropomorphic male or an androgyne is the only possessor or leader of women
f43The women disappearThe women of the ancestral community kill or abandon the men
f44Women and men separateThe women and the men of the primeval community quarrel and abandon each other
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
g23bAlive being turns into nationsDifferent body parts of a being turn into people of different ethnic affiliation or such people receive their names and characteristics according to body parts that they got
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h15Whisper and yawningIf called in a loud voice, ghosts do not hear an alive person but hear whisper, yawning, etc.
i1The thunderbirdsCreatures that produce rain and/or thunderstorms are birds or anthropomorphic beings with wings; or (rare) some or all birds are connected with thunder, lightning or rain though Thunder is not a bird
i7cRain or dew is urineWhen a person or creature who lives in the upper world urinates, it rains (dew falls) on earth
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j21Birth from eggsGods, first people or founders of the royal lineages are born from eggs
j26Babies come out of the waterBaby heroes, embryos or objects from which they emerge are found in a river or lake or come to people out of the water
j4Revenge for the death of the male relativesHeroes avenge the murder or captivity of the male relatives: (grand)father, uncles, or the elder relatives in general, the loss of the males being the most traumatic
j44The broken bridgePerson or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice
j45The stretched out leg (crane bridge)Person stretches his or her leg or neck as a bridge across water body. The fugitives or those who walk ahead cross the bridge; the persecutor or those who are behind usually fall because the person takes his bridge off
j46Enemy drownsAntagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body
j4bRevenge inside the familyChildren (son, sons, son and daughter) of the murdered woman or man revenge on persons who have marital or close kin relations with the victom
k102a2Conflict between mother and son Mother tries to kill her son (children) because he interferes with her love affair
k12Woman is lost and returnedBy trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back
k176A man in search of the womanA (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
k183In what fish is the swallowed one?Person cuts open all water creatures (vultures) or looks into their mouths to find the swallowed one or a part of his body
k1eMarooned on an isletPerson is marooned on an islet or on another side of a sea or wide river
k1fConflict because of a womanA man maroons another because of jealousy or because he plans to take hold of his wife
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27eEating or drinking contestPerson or animal must eat (drink) enormous quantity of food (beverage) or eat or drink poisonous beverage or food
k27kDiving contestA contest: to dive deep or for a long time
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n3aTask-giver is the Sun, Moon, Thunder, or WindPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero is associated with the Sun, Moon, Thunder, or Wind (Cloud, Rain)
k27o3Competition between two teamsTwo groups of participants compete in fulfilling difficult tasks or are engaged into the game in which one team plays against another (at least two episodes with different participants from both sides). The participants are either anthropomorphic who possess different extraordinary qualities or they are different animals (natural phenomena, elements, etc.). {Texts in which the main participants are anthropomorphic and competitions are win by animals who accompany the hero are not included}
k27tClimbing contestA contest: to climb a pole or tree
k27xy(Animal-)persons with different qualities in the camp of their adversariesEach of several men (male animals of different species) surpasses all others in some kind of activity. They get to the place of their adversaries and thanks to their special qualities win different competitions and survive in dangerous situations. The tale is not related to the quest of a marriage partner
k29aSurviving in a fireHero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation
k43aCompassionate person saves firePeople abandon a boy, a girl, brother and sister, a group of children, or a young family without fire and food. A compassionate person conceals hot coals for the outlaws in the abandoned camp
k43bBird brings some meatPeople abandon a boy, a girl, brother and sister, a group of children, or a young family without fire and food. The outlaws demonstrate supernatural powers or protectors providing food and lodging. While the abandoned persons have plenty of food other people starve. A person (often a bird like crow, magpie, sea-gull, etc.) visits the abandoned ones and brings from them some food home. This way people get to know that the abandoned ones prosper
k87Marriage with an animal creates problemsA woman becomes the wife of an animal (rare: other non-human being). Her husband cares for her but ultimately the animal, the woman, her children or her relations are killed, she turns into an animal herself, animals and humans become enemies, etc.
k8cJonah: swallowed by terrestrial animalPerson gets into the belly of ground animal or bird. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
k8c3Not from your mouth but through your sideOne (animal) person refuses to use different body parts of another besides the only one the use of which causes another’s death
k8c4Elk dies after swallowing mouseA mouse, a small bird, a porcupine or other animal (rare: person) of a small size gets inside a big ungulate (elk, deer, buffalo, tapir) to kill (and then usually to eat) him
k8c5Bear dies after swallowing mouseAnimal person (mammal, bird, fish) of a small size (less than a fox) gets inside the bear and kills him from the inside (usually eat his meat)
k8eGetting inside via anusPerson or animal gets into another being through its anus
l118Caught in a split log(Animal) person provokes another to put a part of his body into a split log (between two planks, etc.) and removes the wedge
l15aVulnerable place on the bodyThe only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s or creature’s body and not in his inner organs
l18Multi-headed birdA bird with two or more heads on top of one body is described in tales or represented in art
l1b1Demonic woman and her brothersA woman gets into conflict with her brothers and turns into dangerous demon
l41Hero escapes on the wayAn ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house
l42Hero carried to ogre’s homeAn ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes
l46Head downwardPerson ascends, descends, walks head downward or sees the world upside down
l50Cliff ogreA person kills those who are passing by him. Usually he does not attack them all of a sudden but first distracts their attention. Usually he throws down his victims into a precipice, lake, etc.
l54Lake coming to boilTo overcome a disaster, hot stones or ashes are thrown into the water
l58Avaricious manA man does not share food with his wife or kinsfolk. He or his food is transformed (turns into a bird, into worms, etc.) in punishment
l74aHung over fireAn antagonist carries away the hero or rips off and carries away his limb and hangs the prisoner or the limb (usually over the fire). The hero is suffering from pain. Another personage saves the hero or brings his limb back
l97Persons rooted to the groundThe hero gets to see a person who cannot move being nailed to the ground (misses the lower part of the body, etc.) but escapes the same fate
l99Bring me a spit to roast you!An ogre sends a man to bring him a roasting stick and/or firewood to cook him. The man intentionally does it slowly, brings unfit objects An ogre sends a man to bring a roasting stick and/or firewood to cook him. The man intentionally does it slowly, brings unfit objects or a an animal helps him to escape
m11cPerson gets lard from his bodyA male person cuts or roasts his own body to extract meat, lard or blood, cooks it and serves to his guest without injuring himself. Such a food is not considered to be unclean
m122Advisers insideIn a difficult situation animal person asks for advice his tail, anus or some beings that are inside him (excrements, parasites, his "sisters", etc.)
m23Mock pleaPerson or creature pretends to be afraid of a particular sort of treatment that really cannot do him any harm
m29cTrickster-jayIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is Canada jay
m29yTrickster is a wrenIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is a wren
m38Stupid imitation (all versions)Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food
m38aThe bungling hostBeing on a visit to other people or (more often) animals, an (animal)-person sees them act using magic or according to their animal nature. Back at home, he imitates their actions and gets in trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and mostly refer to providing and cooking food
m84Revived from bonesPerson, animal, fish or (rare) a fruit is eaten up and then revived, usually after all bones (all seeds) being put together
m87Invisible ghostsPerson enters a seemingly empty house and attempts to take certain things. Invisible beings prevent him from doing it or objects themselves hurt him


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
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Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Kwakiutl (Kwakwaka'wakw)
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Quinault
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Lillooet
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Shuswap
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Lkungen (Straits; including Samish, Songish, Sooke, Lummi), Klallam
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Upper Chinook: Wasco, Wishram, Clackamas, Kathlamet
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Papua–NewGuinea Highland Papuans:Trans New Guinea & unclassified:Chimbu,Gimi,KaugelHuli,Gadsup,Kuman,Kutubu,Foi (Foe),Kyaka,Kamano (Kafe),Mawatta,Kukukuku (=Anga,=Sambia;Manki,Nauti,Ejuti),Baruya,Kewa,Tembregak,Menya,Melpa,Wiru,Pondoma
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Western Sahaptin (Upper Cowlitz, Klikitat, Tenino, Umatilla, Yakima, Wallawalla)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
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Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Upper Chinook: Wasco, Wishram, Clackamas, Kathlamet
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis, (Lower) Cowlitz
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Menominee
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Quinault
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tillamook
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Western Ojibwa (Chippewa)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Oregon Athabaskans: Lower Umpqua, Tututni (incl Joshua), Upper Coquille, Galice, Tolowa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tsimshian
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Western Sahaptin (Upper Cowlitz, Klikitat, Tenino, Umatilla, Yakima, Wallawalla)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Karok