Tutchone



Tradition title rus: 
Южные и северные тутчони
Areal ID: 
12.1.2.1
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
118.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
59.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a5


Name_eng: 
The Sun and the Moon are males
Description: 

The Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual




Motif

a32


Name_eng: 
Figure on lunar disc
Description: 

A figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)




Motif

a32d


Name_eng: 
Man in the Moon
Description: 

Human being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon




Motif

a32e


Name_eng: 
Person with an object in hands
Description: 

Person who holds some object in his or her hands is seen in the moon (rare: in the sun)




Motif

a43a


Name_eng: 
The Moon in one moccasin
Description: 

The Moon-person runs out of the lodge and flies up. He forgets to put his footwear on one foot, or somebody attempts to seize him grasping his foot or cuts the foot off. Now the Moon-person lacks one foot or footwear on one of his (or her) feet




Motif

a43


Name_eng: 
Person with a shoe on one foot
Description: 

While being transformed into a bird or ascending to the sky a person was in a hurry and put a footwear only on one foot, or somebody attempted to seize him grasping his foot. Now the corresponding bird or a sky-person is believed to have different feet




Motif

b3a


Name_eng: 
Primeval waters
Description: 

Water is the original element, the dry earth appears later




Motif

b3b


Name_eng: 
Earth grows big
Description: 

Original earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance




Motif

b5b


Name_eng: 
The universal mother
Description: 

Woman (alone or with her companion) gives birth to or creates not only people but also different creatures and objects




Motif

b7a


Name_eng: 
The spit out water
Description: 

Somebody is the only possessor of water or certain beverage. Another person drinks it, escapes and spits out making it available for the people




Motif

b10


Name_eng: 
Drunk out water
Description: 

Person drinks a lake or all the water in the world or all the water is originally inside person's belly. When a hole is made in it, the water pours out




Motif

b26


Name_eng: 
Man joins wild animals
Description: 

Person who follows the wild animals turns into one of them or into their master




Motif

b28


Name_eng: 
Travelling transformer
Description: 

The transformer walks along coming across different persons and creatures, transforming them into birds, animals, stones, shrines, etc. (or transforming monstrous animals into present day ones) and introducing cultural norms, landscape features, etc.




Motif

b40


Name_eng: 
Rabbit as deer’s proxy
Description: 

Hare or rabbit is a false deer or it was deer in the past or a close kin of the deer or had horns or antlers or missed opportunity to get them, its ears are the false horns




Motif

b40a


Name_eng: 
Missed opportunity to have horns
Description: 

Animal who has no horns now had them before or missed opportunity to get them




Motif

b42o


Name_eng: 
Broken back constellation
Description: 

Certain constellation is a male person whose back is broken or wounded




Motif

b42s


Name_eng: 
Hit with a projectile
Description: 

Ursa major or Polaris are identified with a middle size animal (ermine, fisher, woodchuck) or with a basically anthropomorphic person (with some animal characteristics) hit with a dart or an arrow




Motif

b44c


Name_eng: 
Should warmth and light exist?
Description: 

It is discussed if darkness or light, cold or warm periods should exist




Motif

b44e


Name_eng: 
Dispute of ancestors
Description: 

The primeval ancestors (usually birds and animals) participate in discussion concerning the desired predominance or wamth/light or cold/darkness, number of the units of time in a tempoi cycle, etc.




Motif

b48


Name_eng: 
Predators become herbivorous
Description: 

Weak or herbivorous animals were dangerous predators but have been transformed




Motif

b71


Name_eng: 
Aurora borealis
Description: 

Aurora borealis is spirits (of the dead) who run holding burning torches, play or fight with each other




Motif

b82


Name_eng: 
The white raven
Description: 

Raven or other carrion-eating bird of dark color and a similar size was originally white




Motif

b87


Name_eng: 
Alcor
Description: 

Alcor (a weak star near the second star of the handle of the Big Dipper) is selected as a particular sky object




Motif

c6


Name_eng: 
Valuables brought from the lower world
Description: 

Persons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)




Motif

c6d


Name_eng: 
The aquisition of the earth from the lower world
Description: 

The dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)




Motif

c19


Name_eng: 
Acquisition of the sun
Description: 

The Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)




Motif

d4a


Name_eng: 
Theft of fire
Description: 

Fire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before




Motif

d9


Name_eng: 
Fire and vulture
Description: 

Raven or other big dark-feathered bird scavenger is the owner, personification, spouse, obtainer or stealer of fire, daylight, or the Sun




Motif

e8


Name_eng: 
People of wood
Description: 

The first people or (the first) woman (wife of a primeval ancestor) are made of wood




Motif

f1


Name_eng: 
First woman is a transformed man
Description: 

Woman, female supernatural or animal females are created by changing the sex of a man (or male animals)




Motif

f9


Name_eng: 
A dangerous woman
Description: 

For different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man




Motif

f10


Name_eng: 
Vaginal teeth knocked out
Description: 

Woman has another toothed mouth (usually in vagina) or biting animals in vagina. Man inserts there a stone, bone, stick, etc. breaking or knocking out the teeth or extracting from there dangerous animals




Motif

f80


Name_eng: 
Primeval people have no genitals
Description: 

The first men and/or women have no genitals




Motif

f80a


Name_eng: 
Genitals apart from the body
Description: 

Genitals exist by themselves as separate beings, they can be stuck to the human body, remove, etc.




Motif

g1


Name_eng: 
A kidnapped child
Description: 

Valuables (earth, soil, sun, crops, fire, sacred knowledge, hunting luck) are got or returned when son or daughter is stolen from his or her parent




Motif

g8


Name_eng: 
Restored tree
Description: 

A deep notch in the tree (or in the sky support) is magically restored as soon as persons or creatures who cut or gnaw it stop working




Motif

g8b


Name_eng: 
Cutting tree to get a person
Description: 

Person hides in a tree. Somebody tries to fell it but the notch disappears and the tree becomes intact




Motif

h10


Name_eng: 
Stone sinks, stick floats
Description: 

People are mortal because stone thrown into the water sank. They have missed a chance to be like wood or other organic matter that floated




Motif

h19


Name_eng: 
Raven tries to starve people
Description: 

Raven hides or scares game animals preventing hunters to kill them. People outwit him




Motif

h28


Name_eng: 
Plagues from the body of a person or creature
Description: 

Killed and destroyed (often burned) person or creature (usually ogre, fierce animal, powerful shaman) turns into a multitude of biting insects or into other small molesting creatures




Motif

i1


Name_eng: 
The thunderbirds
Description: 

Creatures that produce rain and/or thunderstorms are birds or anthropomorphic beings with wings; or (rare) some or all birds are connected with thunder, lightning or rain though Thunder is not a bird




Motif

i2


Name_eng: 
Lightning from eyes
Description: 

Lightning emerges from eyes or mouth of the being who is thought to produce thunderstorms




Motif

i6


Name_eng: 
Weather birds
Description: 

A man meets a giant bird that brings with it clouds, rain, hail, thunderstorm, etc.




Motif

i6a


Name_eng: 
Male and female birds: different kinds of precipitation
Description: 

The male and the female birds bring with them different kinds of precipitations (e.g. the male comes with a hail, the female with a rain). Or (Buryats of Mongolia) one and the same bird brings different kinds of precipitations depending on is it angry or not.




Motif

i55


Name_eng: 
Stars are openings
Description: 

Stars are openings in the firmament; holes in dwelling's covering are thought to be stars




Motif

i58


Name_eng: 
Milky Way is the way of birds
Description: 

Milky Way is the path of migratory birds (especially wild geese)




Motif

i72


Name_eng: 
Stars are people
Description: 

Stars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)




Motif

i106


Name_eng: 
Ursa major is a person
Description: 

Ursa major is only one anthropomorphic being, not several persons




Motif

j13


Name_eng: 
Two sisters
Description: 

Two sisters (if more, only two play a significant role in the plot) travel and meet an unpleasant suitor or get to an ogre




Motif

j44


Name_eng: 
The broken bridge
Description: 

Person or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice




Motif

j45


Name_eng: 
The stretched out leg (crane bridge)
Description: 

Person stretches his or her leg or neck as a bridge across water body. The fugitives or those who walk ahead cross the bridge; the persecutor or those who are behind usually fall because the person takes his bridge off




Motif

j46


Name_eng: 
Enemy drowns
Description: 

Antagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body




Motif

j66


Name_eng: 
The gnawed through bow-strings
Description: 

Hero or his helpers cut or gnaw through bow- and other strings of the enemies, make holes in their canoes in order to forestall pursuit




Motif

k1d


Name_eng: 
Woman’s brothers maroon her husband
Description: 

Brothers of a man's wife hate him and maroon on an islet




Motif

k1e


Name_eng: 
Marooned on an islet
Description: 

Person is marooned on an islet or on another side of a sea or wide river




Motif

k4


Name_eng: 
The bird nester
Description: 

Person climbs up a tree or rock or descends to a cave to get eggs or nestlings from the bird's nest. Another person remains on the ground. They get into conflict and/or the first person is unable to get back to the ground




Motif

k8a


Name_eng: 
Jonah: swallowed by monster
Description: 

Person gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)




Motif

k10f


Name_eng: 
Nestlings turn into eagles
Description: 

Hero transforms nestlings or monster bird into common eagles or owls




Motif

k12


Name_eng: 
Woman is lost and returned
Description: 

By trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back




Motif

k19b


Name_eng: 
Star-husband
Description: 

A woman maries a star-man




Motif

k19g


Name_eng: 
Two stars of different color and brightness
Description: 

Two stars are men, an old and a young ones. They look different as about their color or brightness but these characteristics do not correlate (the bright star can prove to be an old man and vice versa. Usually two girls wish these stars for husbands and express different preferences (one prefers bright blue star, another wants small and red one, etc.)




Motif

k20


Name_eng: 
Wish for star-husband or wife realized
Description: 

A human person admires a star or (rare) the Moon in the sky, expresses desire to marry it or (rare) to get a star-object. Star descends to him or to her or takes him or her to the sky




Motif

k27n


Name_eng: 
Difficult tasks of the in-laws
Description: 

A man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage




Motif

k27p


Name_eng: 
Antagonist mourns loss of his helpers
Description: 

The antagonist sends the hero to the place where he is attacked by dangerous creatures. The hero kills them and brings to the antagonist. The creatures are the antagonist's relatives, pets, or helpers, therefore he or she mourns their death or revives them




Motif

k27p1


Name_eng: 
Antagonistic father-in-law acquires guise of an animal
Description: 

When father-in-law (rare: mother-in-law) asks the hero to killl or to tame a dangerous animal or not to kill certain animal during a hunt, he (she) turns into this animal himself or transforms into it his daughter(s) or wife (husband)




Motif

k31


Name_eng: 
Wooden seal
Description: 

Person makes a sea mammal or fish of wood, it carries another person or persons into the open sea or kills him or them




Motif

k32


Name_eng: 
The false wife
Description: 

An ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.




Motif

k32b1


Name_eng: 
Mother substitutes her daughter
Description: 

Mother-in-law of a man takes the appearance of her daughter to replace her




Motif

k32c


Name_eng: 
True wife turns into owl
Description: 

When the imposter takes place of the real wife, the latter turns into owl




Motif

k67


Name_eng: 
Burned moccasins
Description: 

Two men spend a night in a forest, take their moccasins or clothes off usually to dry them near the fire. One plans to burn the moccasins or the clothes of another at night. The latter imperceptible interchange their things and the first man burns his own property




Motif

k86


Name_eng: 
Weeping child stolen
Description: 

Because a small child is ignored or punished by its parents (usually it cries late in the evening), bush spirit or animal carries it away




Motif

k87b


Name_eng: 
Woman steps into bears’ dung
Description: 

Gathering berries a woman steps into bear's dung and curses bears. A bear abducts her and marries her. Her human husband, her brothers, or supernatural person kill the bears




Motif

l1f


Name_eng: 
Sister avenges her lover
Description: 

A young woman turns into monster and kills her brothers avenging the death of her husband or lover




Motif

l42


Name_eng: 
Hero carried to ogre’s home
Description: 

An ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes




Motif

l48


Name_eng: 
Demons devour their comrades
Description: 

A man kills (usually in a tree, on a rock, at the edge of a well, of a precipice) and/or throws down one of his enemies. The other enemies do not recognize their comrade and think that their prey is falling down




Motif

l49


Name_eng: 
Body parts falling down
Description: 

Body parts of a person or pieces of his flesh are thrown down one by one. (In American Indian versions those who are on the ground usually take them for game, honey, fish)




Motif

l50


Name_eng: 
Cliff ogre
Description: 

A person kills those who are passing by him. Usually he does not attack them all of a sudden but first distracts their attention. Usually he throws down his victims into a precipice, lake, etc.




Motif

l53


Name_eng: 
Stones into the maw
Description: 

A monstrous being is killed or neutralized by (burning hot) stones (pieces of metal, heavy fruits, etc.) thrown into its maw or anus or the being retreats when they menace to throw a stone into its maw




Motif

l66


Name_eng: 
Tunnel under the monster
Description: 

A small animal digs an underground hole to the place where the monstrous stag, elk, antelope, or buffalo lies. Hero climbs along the tunnel and kills the monster




Motif

l98


Name_eng: 
Cannibal owl
Description: 

Dangerous cannibal or bush spirit who abducts children, attacks people, etc. is associated with an owl




Motif

m16


Name_eng: 
Ugly or sick one becomes healthy and handsome
Description: 

A kinfolk (often his mother) or wife (bride) of a sick (ugly, old) man or boy do not care for him. He becomes healthy (and handsome), punishes and/or abandons those who were evil with him




Motif

m16a


Name_eng: 
Diving bird’s medicine
Description: 

A supernatural helper (usually a loon) makes a blind man to regain his eyesight diving with him into water




Motif

m22


Name_eng: 
Helpful stock
Description: 

A long-necked bird living near water (stork, heron, bittern, swan) saves person from dangerous pursuer




Motif

m29a


Name_eng: 
Trickster-raven
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is raven




Motif

m46b


Name_eng: 
A stratagem: baby born by woman
Description: 

Person turns into tiny object or creature. Touching or swallowing it, the woman conceives and gives birth to a baby-boy. The boy steals valuables or make love to the woman




Motif

m46c


Name_eng: 
Swallowed conifer-needle
Description: 

Person turns into conifer-needle, a tiny particle, a small insect. Swallowing it by chance, the woman becomes pregnant and gives birth to a boy




Motif

m46d


Name_eng: 
Child cries for a toy
Description: 

A small child cries and becomes satisfied only when he gets a particular object to play with. This object is of high value and is hidden in the house. As soon as the object is given to him, the child or a person related to him carry it away




Motif

m53d


Name_eng: 
Would believe enemies
Description: 

Person creates figures that look like enemies or pretends that enemies come. People run away, person gets all valuables for himself




Motif

m53f


Name_eng: 
Disguised trickster eats up all the food
Description: 

Taking part in storing up food, person pretends to go away for some reason, returns disguised as a monster or predator, people are scared and run away, the deceiver eats up all the food but is ultimately unmasked




Motif

m83


Name_eng: 
Who is older?
Description: 

Somebody claims that he has been born before present world came into being. His opponent claims the same, and they argue who of them is the older




Motif

m94


Name_eng: 
Sliding downhill
Description: 

One person or animal suggests another to slide downhill to kill or harm him or her




Motif

a13a1


Name_eng: 
Raven obtains the Sun
Description: 

Raven (crow) gets the hidden or stolen Sun (daylight)




Motif

k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)


Name_eng: 
Competitions and difficult tasks
Description: 

Person is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life




Motif

k27n3c


Name_eng: 
Task-giver is a zoomorphic being
Description: 

Person who gives difficult tasks to the hero is associated with an animal, a bird or a fish




Motif

k27y1


Name_eng: 
Arrow points made of coal
Description: 

Person believes or pretends that the arrow points should be of coal, bark, grass and the like.




Motif

m29f


Name_eng: 
Wolverine is a failure
Description: 

Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the wolverine suffers a reverse, is injured or dies




Motif

m29b2


Name_eng: 
The bear is a failure/enemy
Description: 

Because of its stupidity or unsocial behavior, the bear suffers a reverse, is injured or dies




Motif

m94a


Name_eng: 
Sliding downhill: victims of antagonist
Description: 

A demonic person provokes his victims to slide downhill and kills them




Motif

b44f1


Name_eng: 
Bear stands for night
Description: 

In a dispute about should it be cold (dark) or warm (light), the bear stands for the cold; or the world is dark because the bear hides the sun in his house




Motif

k176


Name_eng: 
A man in search of the woman
Description: 

A (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife




Motif

k10


Name_eng: 
Fight with the monstrous bird
Description: 

Monstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it




Motif

l1b1


Name_eng: 
Demonic woman and her brothers
Description: 

A woman gets into conflict with her brothers and turns into dangerous demon




Motif

f35


Name_eng: 
Feeding with the paramour’s meat
Description: 

Person feeds another with the meat of his or her sexual partner who cooks or eats it without knowing whose meat it is




Motif

j54


Name_eng: 
The last female survives
Description: 

Animals of particular species that were enemies of the heroes are exterminated besides the only pregnant female (rare a female and a male). Thanks to this, these animals still exist




Motif

m46e


Name_eng: 
The Sun as a toy
Description: 

They (promise to) give a child the Sun (and or the Moon) to play with




Motif

m11


Name_eng: 
The unclean food
Description: 

Person feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food




Motif

e9m


Name_eng: 
Bear-wife
Description: 

Man marries a polar bear or grizzly who becomes a woman or a woman who becomes a bear




Motif

k25


Name_eng: 
Magic wife
Description: 

A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world




Motif

K27n3c2


Name_eng: 
The antagonist is father-in-law in guise of a bear
Description: 

The task-giver is the bear who is the hero’s father-in-law




Motif

k66c


Name_eng: 
The bear takes human spouse
Description: 

The bear (lion) takes a woman for sexual partner or the she-bear takes a man. They have children who look like humans or bear cubs. More rare the woman gives birth to her son in the bear den because being abducted by the bear she was pregnant




Motif

k87


Name_eng: 
Marriage with an animal creates problems
Description: 

A woman becomes the wife of an animal (rare: other non-human being). Her husband cares for her but ultimately the animal, the woman, her children or her relations are killed, she turns into an animal herself, animals and humans become enemies, etc.




Motif

l1a


Name_eng: 
Woman turns into the bear
Description: 

A young woman turns into the bear (in Asia, into the tiger) and attacks her husband or close relatives




Motif

f9e1


Name_eng: 
Dangerous animal in vagina
Description: 

Woman is dangerous because biting or stinging animal or animals is (are) inside her genitals (and not only the head of such an animal)




Motif

m29a1


Name_eng: 
Raven (crow) is the main trickster
Description: 

In three or more different episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is raven (crow)




Motif

m46


Name_eng: 
The false baby
Description: 

Planning to get or to return valuables, person turns into baby or in a small objects that has power to impregnate a woman. The picked up or the born baby steals the valuables and acquires his real guise (including cases according to which the girl herself is the desired valuable)




Motif

h6c1


Name_eng: 
Valuables in exchange for the nestling
Description: 

To obtain a desired object, person catches a child or spouse of an animal person (bird, snake, crab) and promises to release it as soon as its parent (spouse)) brings the object




Motif

k27p2


Name_eng: 
Antagonistic father-in-law acquires guise of a bear
Description: 

When father-in-law (rare: mother-in-law) asks the hero to kill a bear, he (she) turns into the bear himsel or tranfforms into the bear his daughter or wife (husband)




Motif

a21


Name_eng: 
Luminaries are objects fixed in the sky
Description: 

The sun and/or the moon are inanimate objects thrown up to the sky or fixed in the sky





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition: Tagish
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Koyukon
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Tahltan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Gwich'in (Kutchin, Loucheux)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Jicarilla
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tlingit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Haida
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tsimshian
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Han
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Upper Tanana (Nebesna)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 9 Tradition:
Tagish
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Han
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Bella Coola (Nuxalk)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Athna
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Upper Tanana (Nebesna)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tahltan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Dogrib, Slavey
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kaska
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Gwich'in (Kutchin, Loucheux)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tlingit