Tahltan



Tradition title rus: 
Талтан
Areal ID: 
12.1.2.4
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
156.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
75.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a13a1Raven obtains the SunRaven (crow) gets the hidden or stolen Sun (daylight)
a21Luminaries are objects fixed in the skyThe sun and/or the moon are inanimate objects thrown up to the sky or fixed in the sky
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a32ePerson with an object in handsPerson who holds some object in his or her hands is seen in the moon (rare: in the sun)
a44Moon the protectorA person pursued by an enemy or tyrannized by others asks the Moon to take her or him to the sky. The request is granted and the person is now seen in the Moon
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b10Drunk out waterPerson drinks a lake or all the water in the world or all the water is originally inside person's belly. When a hole is made in it, the water pours out
b18Light in containerDay light (also warmth, the sun, the moon) is kept as a particular object in a container, under a cover, etc.
b26Man joins wild animalsPerson who follows the wild animals turns into one of them or into their master
b29Eschatological feastPeople turn into animals, birds or stones at a feast, after the feast, after performing a ritual or after a victory over dangerous enemy
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b37Creatures are made appear as they are nowPerson decorates different birds (rare: fish), share fat between anomals. Since then, the corresponding species acquire present characteristics
b38The ruined paintingPerson paints birds or animals or they paint each other. Some of them are not satisfied with the result
b41The talking dogBecause the dog was spreading some information, altercated with its masters, was talking in a wrong time, etc. it lost the ability to speak
b42sHit with a projectileUrsa major or Polaris are identified with a middle size animal (ermine, fisher, woodchuck) or with a basically anthropomorphic person (with some animal characteristics) hit with a dart or an arrow
b44aCouncil on seasons: units of timeAnimals (Melanesia: persons) discuss the number of discrete units of time that should be in a certain calendar period or in the night
b44bCouncil on seasons: toes, claws, hairs, feathersToes, claws, feathers, hairs, color stripes, etc. are counted and compared to establish the number of period of time or particular way of alternation of periods
b44cShould warmth and light exist?It is discussed if darkness or light, cold or warm periods should exist
b44eDispute of ancestorsThe primeval ancestors (usually birds and animals) participate in discussion concerning the desired predominance or wamth/light or cold/darkness, number of the units of time in a tempoi cycle, etc.
b50Whose blood is sweeter?An insect feeds on human blood (flesh). Dangerous person asks it where it had sucked blood or whose blood (flesh) is the most delicious. Usually the insect lies or cannot answer (its tongue is cut off) and thanks to this dangerous person attacks certain plants or animals and not people
b57Blood reddens worldWhen some person or animal is killed, blood paints the sky (origin of the sunrise or sunset, of reddish colors of Aurora borealis) or other natural objects (Moon, autumn vegetation)
b57aRed sunset contains a messageWhen person gets to see that the sky becomes red he or she understands that another person's blood is shed or that another person spilled a red liquid
b64The bony fishBones of fresh-water fish are result of a fighting or military expedition. The bones are arrows that have pierced the fish bodies (gill openings are pierced by arrows) or the small bones are fragments of originally big ones
b64bSmall bones: war between the fishFish of two species shoot arrows into each other. Since then there are many small bones in the fish or some bones are forked
b7aThe spit out waterSomebody is the only possessor of water or certain beverage. Another person drinks it, escapes and spits out making it available for the people
c16Processed objects turn into animalsAgainst person's will, butchered, dried or cooked meat, tanned hides, etc. turn back into animals or fish and escape.
c16aThe offended mistress of animalsMistress of animals or fish revives them after being offended
c19Acquisition of the sunThe Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)
c25cThe Big Dipper and the end of the worldChange in configuration of the stars of certain constellation (usually Big Dipper) or its disappearance from the sky will be a signal of approaching world cataclysm
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
d4nPerson weeps asking for summerA boy or (among the Kutenai) a woman weeps, asking for an element that is absent, i.e. for summer, fire, or rain
d8Fire and a predator animalFire or summer is stolen from a big predator: a lion (in Africa), a tiger (in Asia), a bear (in Siberia and North America) or a jaguar (in South America)
d9Fire and vultureRaven or other big dark-feathered bird scavenger is the owner, personification, spouse, obtainer or stealer of fire, daylight, or the Sun
e10Pets turn into childrenA lonely woman or married couple surprises childred who live nearby in guise of animals (plants, objects). After this the children preserve their human guise
e11The burned skinMagic person reveals his true nature and/or remains with the real people after the object responsible for preserving the non-human appearance (usually an animal skin) is destroyed (usually burned)
e9mBear-wifeMan marries a polar bear or grizzly who becomes a woman or a woman who becomes a bear
f1First woman is a transformed manWoman, female supernatural or animal females are created by changing the sex of a man (or male animals)
f11Biting penisPenis is biting, stinging, eats food
f15Person’s penis sticks out of the groundPerson sticks out of the ground his penis that looks like a plant (provoking a woman to sit on it)
f18aThe long penisPenis is so long that he can turn it round his waist or send into a woman who is at a long distance from him. (Only texts considered to describe real events and beings and not anecdotes are included)
f33Water creature paramourCertain woman or a group of women take for paramour a big water animal (caiman, otter, sea-lion, whale, anaconda; rare: water bird, crab), water spirit or monster. Husbands, brothers or (adoptive) children kill or maim paramour and/or (sometimes) the woman
f34bThe paramour is not a human beingA girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior
f35Feeding with the paramour’s meatPerson feeds another with the meat of his or her sexual partner who cooks or eats it without knowing whose meat it is
f36Sons kill paramourThe (adoptive) children or grandchildren and not person's spouse or brother kill the paramour of their (step)mother or father
f40cPatriarch kills the boysA powerful man kills every baby boy born by his wives or by his sister
f49The abnormal birthCesarean operation upon a woman at childbirth as a custom
f51The clandestine loverPerson who conceals his or her identity comes to his or her lover (at night). Next time, the lover puts a mark on the stranger's face, body or clothes doing this intentionally (to recognize him or her) or by chance (that leads to the identification)
f65The false burialTo realize his or her secret desire (illicit sex, refusal to share food with relations), person pretends to die and is abandoned at a burial place
f65aDeath feigned to meet paramourPerson pretends to die. His or her wife or husband abandons him or her on a burial place. He or she marries his or her paramour
f74Naked person shams deadWhen a person sees a dangerous enemy, he or she shams dead taking his or her clothes off, or the enemy takes off them himself. The enemy believes that it is a corpse, lets it alone
f81Bride in a riverA man mistakes his own reflection in river for a beautiful woman and makes attempts to marry her
f86Conditional signalPerson summons with a certain signal a non-human being (usually his or her sexual partner or his or her protégé). Another person spies, uses the same signal or pronounces the same words and kills the being who comes to him (or uses this being sexually himself)
g1A kidnapped childValuables (earth, soil, sun, crops, fire, sacred knowledge, hunting luck) are got or returned when son or daughter is stolen from his or her parent
g26Swallowed food: saved for peopleFood products were swallowed or hidden in person's mouth. Thanks to this people got them
h28Plagues from the body of a person or creatureKilled and destroyed (often burned) person or creature (usually ogre, fierce animal, powerful shaman) turns into a multitude of biting insects or into other small molesting creatures
h32aSuperfertility lost: a maltreated wifeSupernatural woman comes to live with humans. Thanks to that, food becomes easily available. She is maltreated, goes away, temporal superfertility is lost forever
h36ffDeath and the ravenRaven is responsible for introduction of permanent death
h9aWho will give birth the firstOne woman is associated with stone, another with a plant. The plant-woman gives birth the first or the stone-woman do not have children at all. That's because people have their present characteristics (are mortal, capable to speak, etc.), or offsprings of the two women are different (skillful and not, etc.)
i1The thunderbirdsCreatures that produce rain and/or thunderstorms are birds or anthropomorphic beings with wings; or (rare) some or all birds are connected with thunder, lightning or rain though Thunder is not a bird
i106Ursa major is a personUrsa major is only one anthropomorphic being, not several persons
i141The magic stickA stick is a tool to initiate processes which results have no rational explanation
i16Body anomalies of the first peopleFirst human beings have no mouth, anus or genitals, their women do not know how to give birth
i22Objects in permanent movementThere are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)
i22aRising and falling skyThe sky is constantly moving up and down in respect to earth
i28Animals in the underworldGame animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master
i39Rainbow road or bridgeRainbow is a road, a bridge or a ladder
i65Milky Way of the deadMilky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession
i72Stars are peopleStars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)
i7cRain or dew is urineWhen a person or creature who lives in the upper world urinates, it rains (dew falls) on earth
i84Milky Way is a snow-shoes trackMilky Way is a path of a person who was walking on snow-shoes
i8gAtlasOne giant supports the earth or the sky
i8iOriginal earth unstableOriginally the earth was unstable and swung, then it was fixed up
j13Two sistersTwo sisters (if more, only two play a significant role in the plot) travel and meet an unpleasant suitor or get to an ogre
k102a2Conflict between mother and son Mother tries to kill her son (children) because he interferes with her love affair
k10fNestlings turn into eaglesHero transforms nestlings or monster bird into common eagles or owls
k12Woman is lost and returnedBy trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back
k176A man in search of the womanA (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
k19bStar-husbandA woman maries a star-man
k19eWolverine under a treeWhen a woman or two sisters descend from sky back to earth, they get to the top of a tree. Some animals who walk by cannot help them or do not want to help. Wolverine gets women down because he plans to marry them but they escape from him
k19gTwo stars of different color and brightnessTwo stars are men, an old and a young ones. They look different as about their color or brightness but these characteristics do not correlate (the bright star can prove to be an old man and vice versa. Usually two girls wish these stars for husbands and express different preferences (one prefers bright blue star, another wants small and red one, etc.)
k1dWoman’s brothers maroon her husbandBrothers of a man's wife hate him and maroon on an islet
k1eMarooned on an isletPerson is marooned on an islet or on another side of a sea or wide river
k20Wish for star-husband or wife realizedA human person admires a star or (rare) the Moon in the sky, expresses desire to marry it or (rare) to get a star-object. Star descends to him or to her or takes him or her to the sky
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k26A hole in the firmamentFinding a hole in the ground or making it, person gets to see below another world. Usually the earth is seen from the sky
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27pAntagonist mourns loss of his helpersThe antagonist sends the hero to the place where he is attacked by dangerous creatures. The hero kills them and brings to the antagonist. The creatures are the antagonist's relatives, pets, or helpers, therefore he or she mourns their death or revives them
k27p1Antagonistic father-in-law acquires guise of an animalWhen father-in-law (rare: mother-in-law) asks the hero to killl or to tame a dangerous animal or not to kill certain animal during a hunt, he (she) turns into this animal himself or transforms into it his daughter(s) or wife (husband)
k27p2Antagonistic father-in-law acquires guise of a bearWhen father-in-law (rare: mother-in-law) asks the hero to kill a bear, he (she) turns into the bear himsel or tranfforms into the bear his daughter or wife (husband)
k27zGame of chance for life and deathPerson becomes a master of another after winning a game (game of chance or Intellectual game but not a sport tournament)
k28Father or uncle is rival and enemyMaternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him
k30Flying enemy abducts womanFlying person or creature abducts a woman but is ultimately killed or the woman escapes from him
k31Wooden sealPerson makes a sea mammal or fish of wood, it carries another person or persons into the open sea or kills him or them
k32The false wifeAn ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.
k32b1Mother substitutes her daughterMother-in-law of a man takes the appearance of her daughter to replace her
k32cTrue wife turns into owlWhen the imposter takes place of the real wife, the latter turns into owl
k43aCompassionate person saves firePeople abandon a boy, a girl, brother and sister, a group of children, or a young family without fire and food. A compassionate person conceals hot coals for the outlaws in the abandoned camp
k47aA woman and a dogAfter having sexual contact with a dog, a woman gives birth to his children. The puppies turn into humans and usually become ancestors of particular groups of people
k51The deceived wifeA Man disappears or goes away for long time. His wife sets off, comes to a house where her husband lives now or first sends her son there. She gets to know that he has married another woman
k52Rescue from the sea bottomWhen a woman or a lad comes to the sea bank, she or he is carried away by sea predators (killer-whales, sharks, swordfish). Man descends to the bottom and rescues the woman or lad using his shaman's power
k54Two giantsA man meets a dangerous giant (or serpent) who proves to be friendly to him. When another giant fights with the first one, the man helps his friend
k54aCut tendonsA man and a friendly giant live together. The friendly giant fights with another one and asks the man for help. This help proves to be crucial because the man badly injures a foot of another giant
k66cThe bear takes human spouseThe bear (lion) takes a woman for sexual partner or the she-bear takes a man. They have children who look like humans or bear cubs. More rare the woman gives birth to her son in the bear den because being abducted by the bear she was pregnant
k67Burned moccasinsTwo men spend a night in a forest, take their moccasins or clothes off usually to dry them near the fire. One plans to burn the moccasins or the clothes of another at night. The latter imperceptible interchange their things and the first man burns his own property
k86Weeping child stolenBecause a small child is ignored or punished by its parents (usually it cries late in the evening), bush spirit or animal carries it away
k87Marriage with an animal creates problemsA woman becomes the wife of an animal (rare: other non-human being). Her husband cares for her but ultimately the animal, the woman, her children or her relations are killed, she turns into an animal herself, animals and humans become enemies, etc.
k8aJonah: swallowed by monsterPerson gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
k8cJonah: swallowed by terrestrial animalPerson gets into the belly of ground animal or bird. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
k8c5Bear dies after swallowing mouseAnimal person (mammal, bird, fish) of a small size (less than a fox) gets inside the bear and kills him from the inside (usually eat his meat)
l105Invisible missileAnimal, fish or person wounded by hero runs or swims away, usually with the man's projectile in his or her body. Local doctors are not able to cure the wound (usually because they do not see the projectile). The hero or his companion comes to the place where the wounded one lives and cures him or her (usually extracting his projectile from the wound)
l14Reared up serpentA small creature (often a worm or a reptile) is brought home and reared up or it becomes to live by itself in an artificial body of water. When big, it goes out of human control or becomes something huge and/or dangerous. Cf. motif L13A (The reared up monster attacks people)
l17aEyes on the back of the headPerson or creature has another pair of eyes (or one eye) on the back of his head or (rare) on his back
l1aWoman turns into the bearA young woman turns into the bear (in Asia, into the tiger) and attacks her husband or close relatives
l22The sound sleepAfter breaking some taboo, coming across a strange object or person, people fall asleep. They do not feel when at night spirits come and injure or kill them
l22aPeople become blindAfter breaking some taboo, coming across a strange object or person, people fall asleep and awake blind
l46Head downwardPerson ascends, descends, walks head downward or sees the world upside down
l53Stones into the mawA monstrous being is killed or neutralized by (burning hot) stones (pieces of metal, heavy fruits, etc.) thrown into its maw or anus or the being retreats when they menace to throw a stone into its maw
l57Person gets his body part backPerson loses his organ or body part, it is carried away. He finds its new owner, gets his property back
l61EndocannibalPerson devours his or her own flesh or disembowels himself or herself
l65b3The escape on the treePersons climbs a tree and thanks to this escapes from a demon (who usually tries to fell the tree)
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l72fObstacle flight: the thrown entrailsRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws entrails or contents of the stomach of an animal creating an obstacle on the way of the pursuer
l72hObstacle flight: the thrown fire-stoneRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws a tool (fire-stone, matches, tinder) creating an obstacle on the way of the pursuer. (A flint is considered as a fire-producing tool and ignored as a hard stone that turns into mountain or rock)
l79Two co-wives, human and monstrousA girl marries a powerful benevolent man. His first wife is a monster. The man kills her or is glad that she is killed by his human wife
l9Sharp body membersBody members of a person has the form of cutting or piercing weapon
l92Feigned suggestion to help the ogrePerson escapes to a tree or high rock. An ogre tries to cut it down. Some person or animal suggests the ogre to have a rest, promises to work instead of him but spoils his work or (in Subarctic) kills him when the ogre gives him his axe. (Africa versions have Eurasian origins)
l98Cannibal owlDangerous cannibal or bush spirit who abducts children, attacks people, etc. is associated with an owl
l9bElbow-knivesPerson's sharp elbows or (rare) knees are like awls or knives
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m12The unlucky hunterNot to return home empty-handed, a hunter or (rare) a fisherman cuts off a piece of flesh from his body (usually from his calf) or (more rare) extracts his blood or entrails. Usually he brings his flesh or blood to other people pretending that is a good game or fish; or a woman cuts off a piece of flesh from her calf to feed her husband
m122Advisers insideIn a difficult situation animal person asks for advice his tail, anus or some beings that are inside him (excrements, parasites, his "sisters", etc.)
m16Ugly or sick one becomes healthy and handsomeA kinfolk (often his mother) or wife (bride) of a sick (ugly, old) man or boy do not care for him. He becomes healthy (and handsome), punishes and/or abandons those who were evil with him
m16aDiving bird’s medicineA supernatural helper (usually a loon) makes a blind man to regain his eyesight diving with him into water
m17Woman lies that man missedA blind man or lad kills an animal. His wife or (grand)mother lies that he has missed, cooks and eats all the meat alone
m17bWife deceives her blind husbandWife of a blind man helps him to shoot a game but lies that he missed and secretly eats meat alone
m190The beaver and the porcupineThe beaver ferries the porcupine and usually throws him into water or abandons on an island
m20Trickster’s jaw injuredPerson commits something that is socially unacceptable. They catch him and injure (cut off) his bill or jaw. Usually he gets his ripped off jaw (bill) back
m29aTrickster-ravenIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is raven
m29a1Raven (crow) is the main tricksterIn three or more different episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is raven (crow)
m29b2The bear is a failure/enemyBecause of its stupidity or unsocial behavior, the bear suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29fWolverine is a failure Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the wolverine suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m33Anus closedPerson himself or somebody else stitches up or firmly stops his anus (with wax, clay, grass, etc.)
m46The false babyPlanning to get or to return valuables, person turns into baby or in a small objects that has power to impregnate a woman. The picked up or the born baby steals the valuables and acquires his real guise (including cases according to which the girl herself is the desired valuable)
m46bA stratagem: baby born by womanPerson turns into tiny object or creature. Touching or swallowing it, the woman conceives and gives birth to a baby-boy. The boy steals valuables or make love to the woman
m46cSwallowed conifer-needlePerson turns into conifer-needle, a tiny particle, a small insect. Swallowing it by chance, the woman becomes pregnant and gives birth to a boy
m46dChild cries for a toyA small child cries and becomes satisfied only when he gets a particular object to play with. This object is of high value and is hidden in the house. As soon as the object is given to him, the child or a person related to him carry it away
m46eThe Sun as a toyThey (promise to) give a child the Sun (and or the Moon) to play with
m61aTo obtain valuables, quarrel provokedTo obtain valuables person provokes a quarrel between their owners. When the owners become to fight with each other, the valuables fall out
m61a1Person provokes a quarrel between two birdsTo provoke a quarrel between a gull and another bird, person (always a raven) tells each one that the other was insulting him
m63Body parts enumeratedBefore finding a part of the body that is the best for some particular function, other parts are proven or enumerated
m64Person pretends to possess resourcesTo get valuables (food, fire) concealed by their owner, person pretends that the valuables are already in his possession
m77A soiled bedWhile person is asleep, another smears with excrements or something that reminds excrements his or her bed or clothes. The ashamed person runs away or agrees to make what the trickster wants in exchange of his silence
m8Breaking the obstacleNon-human persons work hard to destroy a strong and durable obstacle that blocks access to some place or object
m83Who is older?Somebody claims that he has been born before present world came into being. His opponent claims the same, and they argue who of them is the older


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Tagish
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tsimshian
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tutchone
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
North Alaskan Inupiat
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tlingit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Bella Coola (Nuxalk)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Khakas
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Dogrib, Slavey
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Eastern Ojibwa (Missisauga, Timagami and other groups in eastern Ontario)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Jicarilla

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Tlingit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tagish
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Sarsee (Tsuu T'ina)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Bella Coola (Nuxalk)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Crow
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tutchone
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Haida
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Okanagon, Sanpoil
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Upper Chinook: Wasco, Wishram, Clackamas, Kathlamet
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kutenai