Marshall Islands, incl Ailinglapalap, Arno, Jaluit, Kili, Lae, Maloelap, Majuro, Ratak, Wotho, Ujae, Jaluit (=Jalooj), Namdrik



Tradition title rus: 
Маршалловы о-ва (вкл Айлинглапалап, Арно, Вото, Кили, Лаэ, Малоэлап, Ратак, Уджаэ, Джалуит {=Jalooj, на ЮВ архипелага}, Маджуро, Намдрик)
Areal ID: 
7.2.5.6
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
68.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
38.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a5


Name_eng: 
The Sun and the Moon are males
Description: 

The Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual




Motif

a32


Name_eng: 
Figure on lunar disc
Description: 

A figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)




Motif

a32d


Name_eng: 
Man in the Moon
Description: 

Human being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon




Motif

b3a


Name_eng: 
Primeval waters
Description: 

Water is the original element, the dry earth appears later




Motif

b3b


Name_eng: 
Earth grows big
Description: 

Original earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance




Motif

b3e


Name_eng: 
Earth falls on waters
Description: 

In the beginning there are only air and water. 1) Person descends from the sky, creates the dry land or a hard support created for her or him grows into the earth. 2) The earth is sent or dropped from the sky, put on the surface of the water. 3) The earth is brought from somewhere (not from the underworld) and put on the water




Motif

b4


Name_eng: 
The fished out earth
Description: 

Islands or continent are fished out of the ocean or pulled to their present place by rope




Motif

b37


Name_eng: 
Creatures are made appear as they are now
Description: 

Person decorates different birds (rare: fish), share fat between anomals. Since then, the corresponding species acquire present characteristics




Motif

b38


Name_eng: 
The ruined painting
Description: 

Person paints birds or animals or they paint each other. Some of them are not satisfied with the result




Motif

b42o


Name_eng: 
Broken back constellation
Description: 

Certain constellation is a male person whose back is broken or wounded




Motif

f2


Name_eng: 
Pregnant limb
Description: 

Child is born from a tumor or swelling on person's body (on thigh, knee, finger, etc.) or is temporarily placed there or child grows from blood that flew out from a cut




Motif

f7


Name_eng: 
The water-maiden
Description: 

Man takes or attempts to take a wife who is connected with the underwater world (fish, crab, snake, water animal and the like)




Motif

f30


Name_eng: 
Snake paramour
Description: 

A woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man




Motif

f49


Name_eng: 
The abnormal birth
Description: 

Cesarean operation upon a woman at childbirth as a custom




Motif

f49a


Name_eng: 
Animal explains how to give birth
Description: 

A small animal (mouse, rat, rabbit, opossum, a bird) explains a woman how she can deliver her child in a natural way




Motif

f80a


Name_eng: 
Genitals apart from the body
Description: 

Genitals exist by themselves as separate beings, they can be stuck to the human body, remove, etc.




Motif

f86


Name_eng: 
Conditional signal
Description: 

Person summons with a certain signal a non-human being (usually his or her sexual partner or his or her protégé). Another person spies, uses the same signal or pronounces the same words and kills the being who comes to him (or uses this being sexually himself)




Motif

f86a


Name_eng: 
An eaten up pet
Description: 

Person take care for a fish, crab or other small creature. Another person spies on him or her, kills the pet and eats it up or try to do it




Motif

g5


Name_eng: 
Food tree
Description: 

Fruits and shoots of different cultivated plants grow on the branches of one tree (on one vine) or certain plant has a tree form that is alien to it in nature




Motif

g8


Name_eng: 
Restored tree
Description: 

A deep notch in the tree (or in the sky support) is magically restored as soon as persons or creatures who cut or gnaw it stop working




Motif

g8a


Name_eng: 
Cutting tree to make a canoe
Description: 

To make some object (usually a canoe), person cuts a tree, goes away, returns, finds the tree intact. Usually another person who was restoring the tree by magic fells it down himself and makes a canoe for the hero




Motif

i8e1


Name_eng: 
Four supports of the world
Description: 

The sky or the earth rests upon four or five (cardinal points and the center) supports of any kind (poles, mountains, giants)




Motif

i16


Name_eng: 
Body anomalies of the first people
Description: 

First human beings have no mouth, anus or genitals, their women do not know how to give birth




Motif

i17


Name_eng: 
Body anomalies of inhabitants of a distant land
Description: 

Beings without mouth, anus, genitals, whose women do not know how to give birth live in the underworld, in the sky, or in a far-away land




Motif

i45b


Name_eng: 
Not to point at the rainbow
Description: 

It to point at the rainbow, pointing finger or entire arm will rot, wither or become crooked




Motif

i72


Name_eng: 
Stars are people
Description: 

Stars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)




Motif

i82c


Name_eng: 
Venus is the Moon’s wife
Description: 

Venus or some other bright star seen near the eastern or western horizon is female and wife of the Moon




Motif

i99


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are boys or men
Description: 

The Pleiades are a group of boys or men, or a group of different people but predominantly males




Motif

i100b


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are a group of people
Description: 

The Pleiades are any people (of any ages and sex, combined data of i99-i100a)




Motif

i108


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are a person
Description: 

The Pleiades are only one anthropomorphic being, not several persons




Motif

i124


Name_eng: 
Ursa major is a boat
Description: 

Ursa major is a boat




Motif

j26


Name_eng: 
Babies come out of the water
Description: 

Baby heroes, embryos or objects from which they emerge are found in a river or lake or come to people out of the water




Motif

j42


Name_eng: 
Waters split apart
Description: 

When person comes to the water body, waters are split apart so the person reaches the other bank walking on the dry ground




Motif

j47


Name_eng: 
Pursuer falls from height
Description: 

Person ascends to the sky (rare: descends from the sky; ascends the cliff) by a rope, a ladder, etc. Another person tries to follow him or her but the rope (the ladder) is broken or severed




Motif

k8d


Name_eng: 
Jonah: swallowed by anthropomorphic being
Description: 

Person (often an animal-person) gets into the belly of anthropomorphic being. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)




Motif

k12


Name_eng: 
Woman is lost and returned
Description: 

By trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back




Motif

k28


Name_eng: 
Father or uncle is rival and enemy
Description: 

Maternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him




Motif

k29a


Name_eng: 
Surviving in a fire
Description: 

Hero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation




Motif

k32


Name_eng: 
The false wife
Description: 

An ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.




Motif

l17b


Name_eng: 
Two faces
Description: 

Person or creature has another face (another mouth) on the back of his (her, its) head




Motif

l40


Name_eng: 
Reflection and shadow
Description: 

Person discovers (rare:still fails to discover) another getting to see his or her shadow or reflection in water




Motif

l41


Name_eng: 
Hero escapes on the way
Description: 

An ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house




Motif

l42


Name_eng: 
Hero carried to ogre’s home
Description: 

An ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes




Motif

l53


Name_eng: 
Stones into the maw
Description: 

A monstrous being is killed or neutralized by (burning hot) stones (pieces of metal, heavy fruits, etc.) thrown into its maw or anus or the being retreats when they menace to throw a stone into its maw




Motif

l81


Name_eng: 
Demon’s fire
Description: 

Person sets off in search of fire and finds it in the house of a demon. The demon makes harm to the person




Motif

l85


Name_eng: 
One-sided people
Description: 

One-sided people have one leg and/or also one arm, one half of a head, etc. The second leg is not cut or burned off, preserved as a stump but is absent completely




Motif

l85a


Name_eng: 
One-sided child
Description: 

Person is born as half of a child or loses his or her half in an accident. The person does not belong to any category of supernatural beings and usually turns into normal girl or young man




Motif

l103


Name_eng: 
Obstacle flight (Atalanta type)
Description: 

Treasure, or the like, is thrown back to tempt pursuer to delay




Motif

l106


Name_eng: 
Lost object claimed back
Description: 

An antagonist makes a demand to the hero which is correct in form but really is unjustified. The hero fulfills the claims or is punished. Now antagonist takes an object or animal possessed by the hero, is unable to give it back and is punished




Motif

l114


Name_eng: 
The youngest one saves siblings from demon
Description: 

A group of young people comes to a demon. The youngest brother of sister or a person whom others take for a sick, unpleasant, invalid one and who often accompanies the others against their wish saves them all




Motif

m5a


Name_eng: 
Passengers of the sinking canoe
Description: 

Small animals ride a canoe, it sinks, all try to save their lives in their own way




Motif

m14a


Name_eng: 
Roasted alive
Description: 

To revenge on his wife and her kinsfolk, a man roasts her alive




Motif

m21


Name_eng: 
A protector hides fugitives
Description: 

Person pursued by an enemy asks somebody whom he meets to help him. The helper hides him




Motif

m29m


Name_eng: 
Trickster is a rat
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is a rat




Motif

m129


Name_eng: 
Lost primogeniture
Description: 

Father or mother is going to give primogeniture to the son he or she has chosen. Another son comes in disguise of the chosen one, receives primogeniture




Motif

j67


Name_eng: 
Stones on eyes
Description: 

At night person puts light stones (shells, fruits) on his eyes. The antagonist believes that his eyes are opened and does not dare to attack or takes off the stones and not the eyes




Motif

i37f


Name_eng: 
Fungi are ears
Description: 

Fungi or mushrooms are named “ears”




Motif

i130


Name_eng: 
The sky net
Description: 

One of costellations is a hunting or fishing net, trap, snare




Motif

i82c1


Name_eng: 
Two wives of the Moon
Description: 

The Moon has two wives (usually the Morning and the Evening stars). One of them takes care of him and he becomes fat, another neglects him and he becomes thin




Motif

m5b


Name_eng: 
The ungrateful passenger
Description: 

An animal (often the rat) who cannot swim well is brought to the shore by another one but pays him with ingratitude




Motif

k176


Name_eng: 
A man in search of the woman
Description: 

A (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife




Motif

i26


Name_eng: 
Dangers on the way of souls
Description: 

On its way to the Beyond, a soul has to defend itself or divert attention of guards who wait for it giving presents to them




Motif

l65b3


Name_eng: 
The escape on the tree
Description: 

Persons climbs a tree and thanks to this escapes from a demon (who usually tries to fell the tree)




Motif

f35a


Name_eng: 
Feeding with the kin’s meat
Description: 

Person does not know that he or she eats or cooks the meat of the member of his or her household (blood relation, more rare a spouse or servant) or serves it to his or her friends, or uses her or his bones for everyday needs, or slowly kills him ort her




Motif

k25


Name_eng: 
Magic wife
Description: 

A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world




Motif

e9n


Name_eng: 
Sea mammal-wife
Description: 

Man marries a seal, dolphin or porpous who takes guise of a woman and lives with her in the human world




Motif

f34b


Name_eng: 
The paramour is not a human being
Description: 

A girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior




Motif

k27n1


Name_eng: 
Task-giver is a king or a chief
Description: 

Person who gives difficult tasks to the hero and/or person who demands the fulfillment of certain conditions from those who want to marry his daughter is a prominent figure in social hierarchy. He is a head of the socio-political unit of community or super-community level and is neither a member of the hero’s household nor a mythical being





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Truk, Eastern Fayu, Losap, Pulap, Puluwat, Mortlock (incl. Satawan)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Ponape, Ngaik, Mwoakil (Mokil), Kusaie (Kosrae)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Western Shoshone, Gosiute
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Ulithi, Ngulu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Central Vanuatu: Espiritu Santo, Araki, Aore, Maewo, Malekula, Vao, Efate (Vate), Shepherd Islands, Nguna, Mae, Ambrim, Pentecost, Oba (=Aoba, East Ambae, Lepers'), Omba
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Southern Solomons: southern part of Santa Ysabel (Bughotu), Guadalcanal, San Cristobal, Malaita (Kwaio people), Ulawa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Semang, Senoi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Chamorro (Guam and other Marianas)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Tikopia, Bellona, Rennell, partly Aneytium, Futuna (=Erronan, not to be mixed with Futuna in Western Polynesia), Vaeaka-Taumato, incl Matema, Nifeloli, Nukapu, Nupani, Pileni
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Mindanao: Blaan (Bilaan), Bagobo, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Hiligáynon, Binukid, Magindaan (=Magindanao: main Muslim population), Mandaya, Mansaka, Manobo (Agusan, Ata, Dibabawon, Sarangani, Ilianen), Maranao, Subanon (=Subanun), Subanen, Tboli

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Tuvalu (Ellice)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Northern Halmahera Papuans: Galela, Loda, Pagu, Modole, Tabaru (Tobaru), Tobelo, Tidore, Ternate
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Ulithi, Ngulu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Santa Cruz Islands (incl. Reef Islands)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Yavanese, Kalang, Madura
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tonga
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Ponape, Ngaik, Mwoakil (Mokil), Kusaie (Kosrae)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Southern Cook Islands: Mangaia, Rarotonga, Atiu, Iatutakim Pukapuka, Tubuai (=Austral Islands, incl Rapa)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Roti
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Northern Vanuatu: Banks Islands (incl Mota, Mota Lava, Gaua, Santa Maria), Torres Islands