Gondi (mostly Northern Gondi)



Tradition title rus: 
Гонды (в основном северные)
Areal ID: 
6.1.2.3
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
171.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
91.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a12fEclipses: the creditorA creditor comes from time to time to the Sun or the Moon to claim back his money producing eclipses
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a4Female sunThe Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
a6The Sun and the Moon are femalesBoth the Sun and the Moon are considered to be females (incl. cases when the gender is not directly specified but both emerge from parts of the body of a female person)
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b2dMarriage of the sky and the earthThe male Sky (the Sun, the Thunder, the creator of the sky) marries the female Earth (or its female creator) or the female Sky marries the male Earth
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b3dEarth from worm’s excrementsA worm obtains the earth (from the underworld), it emerges from the worm's excrements, is extracted from inside of the worm
b42uBig Dipper’s handle are three personsThree stars of Big Dipper’s handle are three persons. Four stars of the Dipper itself are objects of animals (one or several)
b43PurushaParts of the body of the primeval person or creature are transformed into different elements of the landscape and parts of the universe
b49Muddled requestAnimals of particular species do not hear well the instructions concerning their way of life or the ask God for some benefit but muddle their request. Thanks to this they acquire their present habits. (In the Toraja tale the motif is used to explain the mortal nature of human beings)
b69Chipmunk's back scratched: hence his stripesTo thank or to punish a small mammal like chipmunk or (ground) squirrel, animal or person scratches or paints it producing stripes on its back
b77Primeval sky close to earthOriginally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up
b77aGiant pushed the sky upOne or several (animal)-persons push sky up to its present height
b77bSky touched with a long objectThe sky rose to its present height and/or the direct relations of the sky deity with the people were broken off when the sky or the deity was touched or struck with a long object (a pestle, a broom, etc.)
b77b2Sky touched with a broomThe sky rose to its present height and/or the direct relations of the sky deity with the people were broken off when the sky or the deity was pushed up, touched or struck with a broom
c19Acquisition of the sunThe Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)
c25bA spinner in the MoonIn the sky, on the Moon (rare: on the Sun), i.e. somewhere outside of our world certain person is spinning, weaving, plaiting, or embroidering
c25cThe Big Dipper and the end of the worldChange in configuration of the stars of certain constellation (usually Big Dipper) or its disappearance from the sky will be a signal of approaching world cataclysm
c35Cosmic marriage cancelled It becomes known that if the Sun or the Sky marry, great calamity is inevitable. The marriage plans are given up
c5aBird-scoutsBirds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living
c6Valuables brought from the lower worldPersons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)
c6aThe diver is turtle or frogA turtle or a frog (toad) brings the desired object from the bottom of the water body or from the lower world
c6dThe aquisition of the earth from the lower worldThe dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)
c6eThe diver is a crustaceanA crustacean brings the earth from the bottom of the ocean or from the lower world
c6h1Earth is extracted from the belly of an invertibrateThe earth brought from the lower world was in the belly of a worm or an insect and extracted from their
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
e11The burned skinMagic person reveals his true nature and/or remains with the real people after the object responsible for preserving the non-human appearance (usually an animal skin) is destroyed (usually burned)
e2People made for a testMaking people, creator does not reach perfection immediately. First variants of creation are rejected, then proper form and material found
e4Creation from dirt of the skinSupernatural person creates the entire earth, human or other beings of dirt taken from his or her skin, from under the nails, etc.
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
f16Men and women: exchange of anatomical characteristicsInitially men possessed women's biological traits and vice versa (beard, menses, breasts, bearing children)
f17Misplaced genitaliaOriginally, humans had (had to have; can have under some special confition) their genitals not on the place where they are now; the genitals were absent, or people did not know know their function and used for copulation other parts of the body
f2Pregnant limbChild is born from a tumor or swelling on person's body (on thigh, knee, finger, etc.) or is temporarily placed there or child grows from blood that flew out from a cut
f22Study of partner’s bodyPerson asks another person of the opposite sex about destination or place of her or his genitals. Usually it is made after putting questions about function of other body parts; or person tries to use for sex different parts of the partner's body or tests them before reaching the best place where the genitals should be put
f23Origin of menses: sexual actWomen menstruate because they bled in primeval time after the first defloration
f28a1Jumping penisAlive penis exists as a separate being able to move and attack people
f30Snake paramourA woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man
f35Feeding with the paramour’s meatPerson feeds another with the meat of his or her sexual partner who cooks or eats it without knowing whose meat it is
f35aFeeding with the kin’s meatPerson does not know that he or she eats or cooks the meat of the member of his or her household (blood relation, more rare a spouse or servant) or serves it to his or her friends, or uses her or his bones for everyday needs, or slowly kills him ort her
f45The AmazonsThere are (or were) women who live apart from men in their own village or villages
f70Potiphar's wife: false accusation of sexual abuseWoman makes vain overtures to young man and/or falsely accuses him of sexual abuse. Her husband believes that the young man is guilty, kills or tries to kill him
f70bRevenge of a rejected womanA woman revenges on a man who rejected her love but necessary not pretends to be an object of sexual harassment from his part
f70eA girl turns into a manA girl poses as a man, her sex is magically transformed and the man is happily married
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f97The prohibited fruit: origin of sexAfter eating certain fruit, berry, tuber, etc. people become sexually aware
f9cSnake in vaginaSnake (Pacific snake-eel in Polynesia) is in vagina; around the woman's thighs; vagina is a mouth of a snake; a woman with toothed vagina is associated with a snake; a snake crawls out of woman's mouth to bite off the man’s penis during the copulation
f9e1Dangerous animal in vaginaWoman is dangerous because biting or stinging animal or animals is (are) inside her genitals (and not only the head of such an animal)
f9fAsmodeusDemon (snake) regularly kills woman’s husbands during the first night, the woman herself being ignorant about the reason of their death
f9f1Snake inside womanPoisonous snake (snakes, scorpions) comes out of the mouth of a woman {Motif F9f1 and K100c are almost identical but F9f1 links to a cluster of etiological/cosmological motifs related to the idea of a dangerous woman while K100c is related to adventures}
g20Woman turns into plantsFood crops emerge from remains of a woman or girl
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
g23bAlive being turns into nationsDifferent body parts of a being turn into people of different ethnic affiliation or such people receive their names and characteristics according to body parts that they got
h16aRivers of bloodRivers (lakes) of blood (also of puss, bones, sweat or water used for washing of corpses) are mentioned in narratives (in different context)
h24Container opened too earlyContainer with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear
h24gWoman in the boxA woman brought back from another world or received there disappears as soon as the man opens the box where she was
h36The muddled messagePerson is sent by god to bring instructions or certain objects but distorts, forgets or replaces them. This has fatal consequences for humans or for a certain species of animals. (Lithuanian case can be a mistification)
h36gMuddled message: how many meals a dayGod sends his messenger to tell people that they should eat only rarely (once in three days or the like). The messenger tells them that they should eat often (three times a day)
h40Dog is the guard of manDog guards (successfully or unsuccessfully) the (still unfinished) physical body of man or the entrance to paradise
h40aDog materializes at the moment of dangerWhen dangerous enemy is ready to attack, accidentally thrown objects or substances are transformed into a dog who drives the enemy away
h43aBroken figure of the first manAfter making human body, creator goes away for a time. In his absence another person makes attempt to break human figure that was not yet alive
h51The demonic horseA horse eats people or is associated with antagonist of the God
h7The personified DeathDeath (also Old Age, Disease, etc.) is a particular person not identical with the Master of the Dead. He kills people usually carrying away their souls
h7f1Death eats the deadDeath eats the dead and thus assuages his hunger
i104Stars are fragmentsStars are fragments of a bigger luminary (usually the Moon); or stars, the sun and the moon are formed from one and the same primeval person or creature
i10bColored layers of the earthParticular layers or categories of the earth have different colors
i110Night sky agriculturalistsConstellation are interpreted as agricultural tools or people occupied with agricultural works (mostly ploughing and haymaking)
i110aThe star ploughOrion (rare: other constellation) is a plough
i126Funerals in the skyUrsa major or other circumpolar constellation is a stretcher on which a dead or sick person is carried, a dead body ready for the burial, a tomb
i127Ursa major is a bedUrsa major is a bed, a cot, a bedstead
i127Ursa major is a bedUrsa major is a bed, a cot, a bedstead
i13cSnake’s crownReptiles possess treasure which a person gets or tries to get. Usually it is a crown, jewel or small horns on the snake's head
i14No-anus peoplePerson or creature has no anus opening
i14aEject digested food through the mouthNo-anus people eject digested food through the mouth or other orifice
i16Body anomalies of the first peopleFirst human beings have no mouth, anus or genitals, their women do not know how to give birth
i3Weapon of ThunderThe lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being
i40Rainbow bowRainbow is a bow
i41Rainbow serpentRainbow is a reptile (usually a snake) or (more rare) a fish, or it is related to snake, to its tongue, breath, or to scorpion's tail
i59aThief in the skyAstral objects or lunar spots are associated with a story of a stealing and the value of the stolen objects is low (straw, firewoods, cabbage, etc.)
i64Milky Way is a trace of animalsMilky Way is a trace of big animals who were walking or running along it
i69Star dungShining sky objects or atmospheric phenomena are excrements of sky dwellers
i8iOriginal earth unstableOriginally the earth was unstable and swung, then it was fixed up
i97Rainbow horse
j25aSon of the graveMother dies or is killed. Her (still unborn) baby-son is buried with her. He comes out of the grace, meets people, then returns to the grave but ultimately agrees to remain with the people
j42Waters split apartWhen person comes to the water body, waters are split apart so the person reaches the other bank walking on the dry ground
j54The last female survivesAnimals of particular species that were enemies of the heroes are exterminated besides the only pregnant female (rare a female and a male). Thanks to this, these animals still exist
j54aThe calf and the tiger cubTwo women (usually female animal persons) live together, both have children, one of them kills and devours another or wants to do it. The son of the murderer kills his mother and becomes a companion of the victim's son, or the victim’s and the murderer’s children escape together
k100cGirl’s bridegrooms are bitten by a snake. The hero or his companion eliminate the source of danger
k106Thrown to cowsTo get rid of a baby child or of the magic cock, they throw him into enclosure for animals, but cows or other animals do not trample the child or cock down
k118The prohibited roomMaster of the house allows person to feel himself (herself) free bit not to look into particular place. The person breaks prohibition
k155cThe virgin on the scalesFather regularly puts his daughter on the scales and understands that she is pregnant because she is heavier than before
k18Infant picks out his unknown fatherA boy is born whose father or (rare) mother is unknown. He himself points at his parent who as a rule occupies the lowest social position. Usually many men (women) come together and everyone hopes that the boy points at him (her)
k18aaPregnancy because of the non-sexual contactA girl becomes pregnant without her knowledge thanks to the contact with body liquids of a male person or with objects touched by him (not because of the normal sexual contact, or a wish expressed by the father of her future child, or her mistical contact with a deity). The happy marriage of the girl with her child’s father follows
k24Stolen clothes of supernatural womanWomen (rare: men) who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons; rare: a girl of higher social status than the hero) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a person hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him (rare: her)
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k25eMagic wife is an ancestorAll humans, members of a particular ethnic or social group or a ruling dynasty are believed to descend from a mortal man and a woman of supernatural origin
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27fThe task: to get a womanA task-giver asks the hero to get for him a particular woman
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n1Task-giver is a king or a chiefPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero and/or person who demands the fulfillment of certain conditions from those who want to marry his daughter is a prominent figure in social hierarchy. He is a head of the socio-political unit of community or super-community level and is neither a member of the hero’s household nor a mythical being
k27qMilk of the wild beastHero is sent to bring milk of a wild animal or milk in possession of a dangerous creature or person
k27uHide-and-seekHero and his adversary play hide-and-seek. The hero finds his adversary but the adversary cannot find him
k27z4aA cripple claims his leg backA cripple tells that he lost his leg (eye) because of his visitor’s father. The visitor’s wife (or he himself after receiving a good advice) asks the cripple to give him another leg (eye) for comparison or brings him a leg of a dead person claiming money for it
k27zzThe witch and the blinded queensA man does not know that his (new) wife (rare: mother) is an ogress/witch/evil woman. Thanks to her intrigues (former) wives (wife) are blinded and/or confined in an underground hole. A son of one of them overcomes the ogress and returns sight to his mother and aunts
k32The false wifeAn ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.
k32aTravelling man leaves his wife or daughter for a short timeA man travels with his wife or daughter. Another woman or a demonic person replaces her when the man goes away for a short time or (rare) falls asleep
k32hPunishment: buried aliveTo punish an antagonist, he or she is buried alive
k32iTwo sitters at the bed of a sleeping princeA girl finds a body of a sleeping youth who will wake up at a certain time and marry the girl who would sit nearby. Usually at the last moment the girl goes away for a time and the impostor takes her place.
k33Drowned woman remains aliveA young woman is transformed into an animal, pushed into the water, into the underworld or she herself has to plunge into water (acquire animal form). Her connection with the human world is not completely lost, however, and usually she is helped to return to the people
k33cGirl from a fruitYoung man gets a girl who is inside of a fruit or (rare) a flower or an egg
k33c7One fruit with a girl insideYoung man obtains a fruit from which a girl comes out (rare: two girls from two fruits, both remain with the man). The episode of the loss of girls who were inside other fruits is absent, Cf. motif k33c6
k33dPeau d'asneA man discovers that a beautiful girl hides herself under a guise of an ugly and dirty servant, under a skin of an animal or in an object that is brought into his house
k38Hero helps the nestlingsFor helping its children, their powerful mother or father who is a giant bird or (rare) other flying being helps the hero
k38bThe nestlings and the aggressive snakeA serpent or water monster regularly devours or injures children of a bird or other flying creature (almost always nestlings of giant bird). The hero kills the serpent (monster)
k38cBird brings the hero to his destinationAfter the hero helps a powerful bird (usually does good to her nestlings), the grateful bird brings him to the place where he is eager to get or tells to do it one of her nestlings. (It is not the vertical movement between layers of the world. According to the Sumerian variant, the bird endows the hero with capability to move with extraordinary speed and directs him to his destination)
k38dMonster blocks watersA monster blocks sources of water (or sends floods) and usually gives some (promises not to send floods) in exchange for human victims or valuables. Hero kills the monster
k38d1A girl sacrificed to a dragonTo appease a water monster (water spirits, gods) or to put an end to the drought or flood, a girl is sacrificed or descends into the water by her own will
k38fThe dragon-slayerA reptile monster demands humans (usually virgins) as a sacrifice or abducts a girl or closes sources of water. Hero kills him. Monster’s victims do not play an active part in the plot
k38f1The cut off tonguesKilling a monster or an animal, the hero cuts of and hides a piece of its body, usually a tongue. (In most of the cases, the imposter claims the deed to himself and when he cannot demonstrate the cut off piece, the hero unmasks him)
k56bThe worthy man is rewarded, the unworthy punishedFirst one, then another man meets a powerful person or persons. The first man is worthy and rewarded with treasure, prestige or the like. The second man (or two men) follows him, behaves in a wrong way and is punished
k65bHumans and spiritsSpirits or unpleasant animals (reptiles, worms, etc.) are (often: concealed from the eyes of God or deformed) children or miscarriages of the same human couple or the same primeval ancestor who produced first human beings
k65c3Eve is ashamed to have many childrenThe woman (alone or with her husband) hides from the God part of her children because she is ashamed to have so many
k66bHero presents the received princesses to his companionsTravelling from one place to another, hero lets his companions live there (usually presents to each one a princess that he received for his deeds) and continues his journey. When he gets into trouble, companions rescue him
k73Children of the youngest wifeA young woman promises to bear a wonderful children (wonderful son). In her husband's absence other people (co-wives, mother-in-law, etc.) try to kill the mother and/or the child, usually slandering the young woman
k73aBaby child substituted with object or animalHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with an animal or an object (inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to an animal or an object)
k73a4Baby child substituted with a pupHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with a pup (inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to a pup)
k80Repetitive reincarnationPerson (usually a young woman) turns into different objects or creatures which another person destroys one by one. However, the person is reincarnated again and again and ultimately acquires her or his original form
k93b2Conception from eaten fruitAfter eating a fruit (usually an apple, in Northern traditions also an egg), the sterile woman gives birth to a son or twins
k94Bird of luck (eaten up head)Person eats magic bird, fish, small animal, or fruit and becomes prosperous and powerful
l110aThe injured earA demonic being swallows a person or (in African versions) a multitude of people and animals. Hero kills the monster but cutting open its body, injures a person who was inside. Usually this person is offended and finds opportunity to kill the hero
l114The youngest one saves siblings from demonA group of young people comes to a demon. The youngest brother of sister or a person whom others take for a sick, unpleasant, invalid one and who often accompanies the others against their wish saves them all
l114cTo exchange clothes with ogre's daughtersChildren or youths (usually a group of brothers) exchange clothes (headgears, ornaments, blankets, sleeping places) with their enemy’s children. The enemy kills his or her own children by mistake. Usually brothers get to the ogre or ogress and the youngest advices to exchange places (clothes, etc.) with ogre’s daughters). Outside of Europe the actors can be animals
l15dThe external soulLife of a person or creature is preserved outside of his (her, its) body. Person or creature dies after the corresponding object is destroyed
l37bSecrets accidentally overheardPerson accidentally overhears secrets of animals or demons and thus gets to know the causes of his and other people's misfortunes
l5fHelpful skullA bodiless head, face, or skull is a woman's husband, suitor or son. He is not dangerous but a good provider, saves people from hunger, etc.
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l81Demon’s firePerson sets off in search of fire and finds it in the house of a demon. The demon makes harm to the person
l90Mouth from the earth to the skyMonster's upper lip (fang, horn, etc.) touches the sky, lower touches the ground
l93aHelpful foxCunning fox, jackal or coyote saves particular person or many people, helps them
l94Child promised to demonA demon helps a man or a woman or lets him or her free. As a reward, the person is forced to promise to give the demon his child
m114Rope of sandPerson is suggested to twist (or he really twists) a rope or make other object of sand, ash, smoke, etc.
m127aThe quail makes the fox laughTrickster animal asks a bird to make him laugh. The bird sits on the head of a woman (child, cow, etc.), other person tries to kill the bird, hits the wife (breaks cow's horn, etc.). Or the bird distracts person attention to let the trickster steal the person’s food
m130cThe mouse and the lion (the help of the weak)When a lion (tiger, bear, elephant, man) gets into a trap, a mouse (rat) makes him free (usually bites through the ropes)
m136dThe air castlesA person plans to turn his (future) possessions into a great wealth (milk, eggs, small money, animal to be killed, etc.) but imagining this wealth, he destroys what he already has (eggs are broken, the animal runs away, etc.). Or two persons are involved into quarrel about possessions that they do not yet have
m145The lion in a wellA weak (animal) person demonstrates a strong one his reflection in water. The latter believes that an animal like he contests his supremacy, invites him for a visit, etc., usually jumps in and drowns
m149Tell them that I am a stumpStrong antagonist is going to kill the hero (a person or a weak animal). Another person or animal pretends not to know about the situation and tells that the antagonist is in search to be killed. The hero is saved. Usually the latter asks the man not to give him out and answer that it is a stump, a log and the like near him. This opens possibility to treat the antagonist as a corresponding object (to cut it with an axe, to tie up, etc.)
m149aTreaty with the tigerA man, light-mindedly or against his own wish, makes an agreement with a dangerous predator. He does not want (cannot) keep it or breaks it and the predator is going to kill him but the man remains alive
m14aRoasted aliveTo revenge on his wife and her kinsfolk, a man roasts her alive
m157The impossible giving birthPerson claims that a man or a male animal had given birth (or is menstruating) or that a female gave birth to a young of another species or that a woman gave birth to an animal
m157a2Bull or cart gives birthPerson claims that a calf (colt, kid, etc.) was born (brought to the place) not by the cow (mare, etc.) of another person but by his own male animal (bull, stallion, etc.), his own animal of another species or by inanimate object (usually a cart)
m157a4To fish on a hillPerson demonstrates the absurdity of the claims of another person saying that he (or somebody else) was fishing on a hill, putting out a fire spilling straw, looking how the fish fly etc. or he is imitating such an activity. Either the place chosen for the activity or the means are irrational
m158Tops or butsTwo animals (an animal and a person, an ogre and a person, etc.) agree to divide a crop in such a way that one would take what is above the ground and another what is beneath ground. One of them (several times makes a wrong choice (takes turnip tops and wheat roots)
m171The profitable exchange: from a pea to a horsePerson or animal stays for a night and the next morning declares that his possessions (which value is none or negligible) are lost. Or other persons whom the trickster meets really use or spoil objects that the trickster gives them. Every time he receives in compensation objects or animals with ever bigger value, the last acquisition usually being a costly animal or a girl. (All texts with motifs M171A and M171C contain also the motif M171)
m171aThe profitable exchange: getting a girlPerson or animal gets to exchange less valuable goods for ever more valuable. The last or the next to last one is a girl
m182The tarbabyThe (animal) person threatens another to beat him and sticks to him with all his limbs in succession. Usually it is a figure smeared with some sticky substance that the person takes for somebody alive
m194Traveler’s possessions dividedSeveral animals get objects possessed by a person. Dividing their booty, one animal takes all the food for himself giving the others objects that can be used only by people. Animals that received them suffer or die
m196The silence wagerA man and his wife make a wager: Whoever speaks first must do certain trivial work or get a bigger portion of some simple food. They or one of them continue to keep silence even being exposed to violence or taken by others as the dead
m196aCorpses that became to speakMaking a wager because of a trivial thing, spouses (or only one of them) lie without movement and are taken for dead. People bury them but at the last moment they become to speak, people run in panic
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m29gTrickster-hare or rabbitIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit
m29oTrickster is a monkeyIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is a monkey
m29o1The monkey is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the monkey suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29w2The tiger is a failure Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the tiger suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m39a3Had your daughter horns?Fool kills a person, throws the body into a pond or a well. His relation throws there a dead goat. Searching for the corpse in the pond, the fool asks if the killed person had horns, etc. People see that he is really crazy and do not suspect him of a crime
m39a5aThe sausage rainBecause telling the truth a stupid son (wife, husband)) can bring misfortune upon the family, his mother (wife; her husband) mystifies him (her) making him or her describe events that are definitely impossible. People take him (her) for a fool and let alone.
m39a8aFool drops an object from a treeA person (often a fool or buffoon) drops a (heavy) object from a tree. Those who are under the tree (usually robbers or demons) are frightened and run away abandoning their goods and valuables
m40The distorted instructionsPerson is sent to receive something of relatively low value. He asks to give him quite different object (to provide a service) and asks one who had sent him to confirm the demand. Usually a person or animal comes to a wife or a son of a powerful one and tells her or him that her (his) husband or father tells to give him food, to make love to him, to marry him, etc.
m63Body parts enumeratedBefore finding a part of the body that is the best for some particular function, other parts are proven or enumerated


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Bhuiya (now Aryans, originally Munda; Rahman 1955: 203), Baiga, Bhaina, Bhumia (subgroup of Baiga, incl Bharia, formerly Munda, now speak Indo-Aryan languages of neighboring groups)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Bondo, Didayi (Gata')
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kond (Khond, Kondh; language is Kui, incl Kuttia, Konda-Dora), Koya; Pengo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Northern Munda of Kharwar branch: Birhor, Ho, Mundari, Kol, Asur (including Agaria, Kol, Birjhia), Bhumij
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Sora (Savara, Saora), Parenga
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Khakas
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Norwegians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Western Sami
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Sardinia, Corsica
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Sicily

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Bengali, Maithili
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Bhuiya (now Aryans, originally Munda; Rahman 1955: 203), Baiga, Bhaina, Bhumia (subgroup of Baiga, incl Bharia, formerly Munda, now speak Indo-Aryan languages of neighboring groups)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Catalan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Himachali-Pahari (Western Pahari)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Tamil, Muthuvan, Marvar
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Mongols (Khalkha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Hindi-speaking peoples and casts (incl. Teli, Parahiya; incl. Chhattisgarhi) of Northern and West-Central India
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Gujarati
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Nepali; Tharu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Santali, Turi, Mahli