Wales



Tradition title rus: 
Валлийцы, бритты
Areal ID: 
3.3.4.2
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
73.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
38.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a23c


Name_eng: 
Who will fly higher?
Description: 

Birds argue who of them will fly higher. One who seemed to have less chances wins (he hides himself in feathers of a strong bird using it as a vehicle)




Motif

f7


Name_eng: 
The water-maiden
Description: 

Man takes or attempts to take a wife who is connected with the underwater world (fish, crab, snake, water animal and the like)




Motif

h7


Name_eng: 
The personified Death
Description: 

Death (also Old Age, Disease, etc.) is a particular person not identical with the Master of the Dead. He kills people usually carrying away their souls




Motif

h49


Name_eng: 
Pet defends master’s child
Description: 

A dog or other animal kills dangerous creature who was going to attack the child. The master thinks that the assailant was the pet and kills it




Motif

h54


Name_eng: 
The eyelids of Viy
Description: 

Eyelids (eyelashes, eyebrows) of personage hang long down over his eyes. To make the eyes widely opened, the eyelids (eyelashes, eyebrows) should be propped up with poles, folks, sticks, etc. (rare: cut off)




Motif

i40


Name_eng: 
Rainbow bow
Description: 

Rainbow is a bow




Motif

i46a


Name_eng: 
Old woman’s rainbow
Description: 

Rainbow is associated with an old woman




Motif

k27hh


Name_eng: 
To sort grain
Description: 

A task: to sort a large amount or small particles of different kind (usually seeds of different plants) mixed in container or to count such particles or to pick up the spilled grains




Motif

k27n


Name_eng: 
Difficult tasks of the in-laws
Description: 

A man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage




Motif

k37


Name_eng: 
Recognition-test
Description: 

To return or to get his or her son, wife, husband, domestic animal or (rare) object, person must recognize her, him or it among several identical persons, animals or objects




Motif

k61c


Name_eng: 
To name a demon
Description: 

A demon agrees to help a person (usually to fulfill some difficult work that a girl must do herself) if a person tells him his name. At the last moment the person gets know the name by chance, the demon disappears and the person is rewarded




Motif

k73b


Name_eng: 
Innocent woman punished
Description: 

A woman who was falsely accused of killing her new-born child or giving birth to pups and the like is punished in such a way that she must suffer from filth and be taunted by passers by




Motif

k92


Name_eng: 
King Lear
Description: 

A man puts his children questions that seem easy to answer (how they love him, who is the elder in the family, etc.). The elder children flatter, the youngest daughter (rare: son) is reserved and her father drives her away or deprives of inheritance. Later her noble nature becomes evident to him




Motif

k107


Name_eng: 
Lost husband found
Description: 

A woman is abandoned by her magic husband. She finds him and becomes his wife again




Motif

l19b


Name_eng: 
Beings with odd number of heads
Description: 

Being (any besides birds) with more than ten heads or with odd (but more than one) number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. If beings with ever more number of heads are named, the row ends with a being that has odd (or more than ten) number of heads




Motif

l85


Name_eng: 
One-sided people
Description: 

One-sided people have one leg and/or also one arm, one half of a head, etc. The second leg is not cut or burned off, preserved as a stump but is absent completely




Motif

m28


Name_eng: 
Icarus (failed attempt to fly on artificial wings)
Description: 

Acquiring possibility to fly, person ultimately falls to the ground or remains in a faraway place being unable to fly any more




Motif

m29b


Name_eng: 
Trickster-fox, jackal or coyote
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote




Motif

m124


Name_eng: 
A bull’s tail
Description: 

Person buries a tail or head of a bull or other domestic animal with a tail or horns outside. He explains that the animal sank into the ground and usually asks the others to pull the tail (horns). When they are “torn off”, he tells that people are guilty of the animal being lost




Motif

m158


Name_eng: 
Tops or buts
Description: 

Two animals (an animal and a person, an ogre and a person, etc.) agree to divide a crop in such a way that one would take what is above the ground and another what is beneath ground. One of them (several times makes a wrong choice (takes turnip tops and wheat roots)




Motif

m185a


Name_eng: 
On the tail of the winner (all versions)
Description: 

Birds, animals or fish compete as about who is the fastest or can fly higher than others. A weak one imperceptible sticks to the body of the fastest or strongest and wins




Motif

a32


Name_eng: 
Figure on lunar disc
Description: 

A figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)




Motif

a32d


Name_eng: 
Man in the Moon
Description: 

Human being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon




Motif

a32dd


Name_eng: 
Firewood-carrier in the moon
Description: 

Person who carries a bundle of brushwood or firewood is seen in the moon.




Motif

a32e


Name_eng: 
Person with an object in hands
Description: 

Person who holds some object in his or her hands is seen in the moon (rare: in the sun)




Motif

k33e


Name_eng: 
Disappeared and returned children
Description: 

Babies disappear but are ultimately returned to their mother or father grown up and in good health




Motif

k92b


Name_eng: 
Love like salt
Description: 

A girl answers her father (rare: brother) that she loves him like she loves salt (or that salt is the most valuable, etc.). He becomes angry (usually drives her away) but later satisfies himself that she was right




Motif

k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)


Name_eng: 
Competitions and difficult tasks
Description: 

Person is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life




Motif

m75b1


Name_eng: 
Marco the Rich
Description: 

A respected man gets to know that a poor boy must inherit all his property or become a king and tries to prevent it, but the fate cannot be changed




Motif

m114b


Name_eng: 
Not clothed and not naked
Description: 

When a person is suggested to make something and simultaneously not to make it or to make it differently than it could be made at all (to come clothed and naked, with and without a gift, etc.), he or she finds the solution




Motif

m183


Name_eng: 
A race: one against many
Description: 

Many animals of one species that all look identical together fulfill the task that would be impossible for any of them if he were alone; the competitors believe that the task was fulfilled by only one animal. Usually a slow and a fast animals agree to race. The slow one puts other animals of his species at the finish or along the distance, each one answering the fast one that he is ahead of him. The fast one accepts his loss




Motif

k148


Name_eng: 
The stolen colts
Description: 

Every night or every year a mare gives birth to a colt but every time it is stolen




Motif

l15g


Name_eng: 
A burned piece of wood (Meleagros)
Description: 

Life of a man depends on an object that can be burned. He dies as soon as the object is burned




Motif

k61c1


Name_eng: 
Listen in secret of demon
Description: 

Person will be ruined if he or she would not find an answer for a riddle of a demon. The answer is found accidentally when the person or somebody else hears how the demon talks by himself or with another demon. See motif C29




Motif

h7b


Name_eng: 
The Death is stuck to a tree or a bench
Description: 

A man lures Death (Devil) to climb a tree or sit on a bench to which they are stuck and can free themselves not before the man gives them such a permission




Motif

m29gg


Name_eng: 
The hedgehog wins thanks to his smartness
Description: 

Being smart and witty, the hedgehog overcomes overcomes strong adversaries




Motif

m106g


Name_eng: 
The cow is taken to the roof to graze
Description: 

A cow (donkey, ox, etc.) is taken to the roof to graze grass that was grown there. Or the wife is raised with a rope on her neck




Motif

k65f


Name_eng: 
With which eye do you see?
Description: 

When person touches her or his eye with the magic substance, she or he sees supernatural beings unseen for the people. Usually the beings understand it and make this eye blind




Motif

k60b


Name_eng: 
Invitation to coffin
Description: 

Person is lured into a trap being invited to lie in a box or a hole to measure it. Being unable to liberate himself from the box etc., the person remains in power of his enemies




Motif

k65c


Name_eng: 
The various children of Eve
Description: 

A woman conceals from God part of her children (rare: all of them) or part of domestic animals that are under her care. The concealed children become poor people or non-human beings and the concealed domestic animals become wild




Motif

a3


Name_eng: 
Male sun and female moon
Description: 

The Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male




Motif

a12


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: monster’s attack
Description: 

Some creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light




Motif

a32c


Name_eng: 
A man and a dog in the Moon
Description: 

A human being and a dog together are seen in the moon




Motif

f98


Name_eng: 
God and a cow
Description: 

Anthropomorphic god descends from the sky and copulates with a cow




Motif

i13c


Name_eng: 
Snake’s crown
Description: 

Reptiles possess treasure which a person gets or tries to get. Usually it is a crown, jewel or small horns on the snake's head




Motif

i27c


Name_eng: 
The four-eyed dog
Description: 

Dogs having spots over the eyes are called the four-eyed and believed to have special properties (e.g. to see ghosts)




Motif

i65


Name_eng: 
Milky Way of the dead
Description: 

Milky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession




Motif

i110a


Name_eng: 
The star plough
Description: 

Orion (rare: other constellation) is a plough




Motif

i110b


Name_eng: 
Orion is mowers
Description: 

(Belt of) Orion is (three) mowers or agricultural tools related to mowing and harvesting




Motif

i121


Name_eng: 
Twin constellations
Description: 

Two constellations (usually Ursa major and Ursa minor) are interpreted as twin objects of the same type (two animals, two carts, etc.)




Motif

b33d


Name_eng: 
The old woman of winter
Description: 

Old woman is incarnation of winter, is associated with snow, or there are several cold days between winter and spring (or fall) associated with a certain old woman




Motif

i86a


Name_eng: 
Down turns into snow
Description: 

Snow is created from bird's down when certain bird in the sky shakes itself or certain person shakes his or her clothes made of bird down




Motif

h18b


Name_eng: 
Cattle returns into water
Description: 

After getting domestic animals from supernaturals a person immediately loses the animals or most of them (usually because of a broken taboo like to look, to speak in a loud voice, etc.; the animals disappear in water, remain in the sky, scatter in various directions, etc.)




Motif

k117c


Name_eng: 
Magic fiddle makes people dance
Description: 

As soon as a person plays his flute (fiddle, horn, etc.), people and animals become to dance and cannot stop without the person’s permission




Motif

k65e


Name_eng: 
Midwife in the underworld
Description: 

A woman is summoned to help supernatural beings as a midwife (to baptize a baby, to be a babysitter) and returns to the human world after rendering her assistance




Motif

n12


Name_eng: 
Cloak of beards
Description: 

A powerful person makes or orders to make for him a cloak or a mantle from human beards and/or moustaches




Motif

k164


Name_eng: 
Wife is not the best friend
Description: 

A man himself or somebody else creates situation that demonstrates that his wife is not his best friend. Often a treacherous wife is contrasted with a true dog




Motif

i110


Name_eng: 
Night sky agriculturalists
Description: 

Constellation are interpreted as agricultural tools or people occupied with agricultural works (mostly ploughing and haymaking)




Motif

m30


Name_eng: 
Trickster falls down
Description: 

Person or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return




Motif

l134


Name_eng: 
The third wave
Description: 

Hero’s enemy (often a demonic woman) hides inside a sea wave or is associated with it




Motif

k120


Name_eng: 
The averted incest (daughter and father)
Description: 

A man is going to marry his daughter (rare: his stepdaughter; sometimes certain conditions are put on his future marriage and only his daughter complies with them). The girl gets to escape




Motif

l100b


Name_eng: 
Forgotten fiancée
Description: 

The hero and his bride get to escape from the pursuer. The youth goes to visit his home, leaving his bride behind for a time and forgets her. When the youth is going to marry another girl, the forgotten fiancée reawakens his memory by performing magic actions. Or the girl herself forgets her magic husband as soon as she gets to her parents’ home




Motif

k177


Name_eng: 
The travelling heroine
Description: 

A girl or young woman sets off to find or return her fience or her husband or she escapes from a fanger and ultimately marries happily




Motif

h7b1


Name_eng: 
Devil (Death) captured in sack
Description: 

Getting a magic sack into which any being must climb according to the wish of the owner, a man acquires power over the Death (Devil)




Motif

k65b


Name_eng: 
Humans and spirits
Description: 

Spirits or unpleasant animals (reptiles, worms, etc.) are (often: concealed from the eyes of God or deformed) children or miscarriages of the same human couple or the same primeval ancestor who produced first human beings




Motif

m57a1


Name_eng: 
Flowers blossom where she puts her feet
Description: 

Where the beautiful woman steps, treasure appears, flowers blossom, etc.




Motif

k25e


Name_eng: 
Magic wife is an ancestor
Description: 

All humans, members of a particular ethnic or social group or a ruling dynasty are believed to descend from a mortal man and a woman of supernatural origin




Motif

m84


Name_eng: 
Revived from bones
Description: 

Person, animal, fish or (rare) a fruit is eaten up and then revived, usually after all bones (all seeds) being put together




Motif

m84a


Name_eng: 
Goat resuscitated
Description: 

Supernatural beings kill and eat an animal and then put all the bones together (in the animal's skin). After the feast the animal becomes whole (and usually revives)




Motif

m205


Name_eng: 
Birds set a city on fire
Description: 

Warriors lay siege to a city or palace. They catch or receive as a tribute the birds that live there, oil them or tie combustibles (tinder, wood chips, nutshells filled with pitch, etc.) to their bodies and sets them on fire. When released, the birds fly back to the city or palace. The fire starts there and the warriors achieve their objective




Motif

k27g4


Name_eng: 
To plow, to sow and to reap in one day
Description: 

During impossibly short time person must to realize all works of agricultural cycle and to present food made of new crops




Motif

k25


Name_eng: 
Magic wife
Description: 

A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world




Motif

k65c3


Name_eng: 
Eve is ashamed to have many children
Description: 

The woman (alone or with her husband) hides from the God part of her children because she is ashamed to have so many





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Estonians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Russians: Southern part of ethnic territory as in A.D. 1500 (Belgorod, Voronezh, Tambov, Penza, Lipetsk, Orel, Kursk, Bryansk provinces; in case of absence in other areas also Russians in Samara, Simbirsk and Saratov provinces)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Poles
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Norwegians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
French (northern France)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Germans: Northwest (Low- and Central German dialects): Schleswig-Holstein, Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony, incl. East Frisia and Oldenburg), Nordrhein-Westfalen, Hessen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Thüringen, Saxony-Anhalt, Sachsen
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Czech
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Italians: Central (Toscana, Umbria, Marche, San-Marino, Lazio)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Ireland
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Karachays, Balkar

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Finns
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Lithuanians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Hungarians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Frisians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Latvians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Danes
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Ossetians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Dutch, Flemish
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Slovakians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Basques