Bhuiya (now Aryans, originally Munda; Rahman 1955: 203), Baiga, Bhaina, Bhumia (subgroup of Baiga, incl Bharia, formerly Munda, now speak Indo-Aryan languages of neighboring groups)



Tradition title rus: 
Бхуйя (ранее мунда; Rahmann 1955: 203), байга, бхайна (близки к байга), панка (каста, округ Мандла, Мадхья-Прадеш), бхумия (подгруппа байга, также бхариа) – ранее мунда, сейчас перешли на соседние индо-арийские языки
Areal ID: 
6.1.1.4
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
164.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
78.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a11aEyes of the Sun and the Moon: coolness and nightVisible sun and/or moon are the Sun's and/or the Moon's eyes. If these eyes were not injured, light and heat would be more intense
a11bOne-eyed luminariesThe Sun or the Moon is one-eyed (usually another eye was knocked or sucked out but sometimes this defect is not explained
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a12fEclipses: the creditorA creditor comes from time to time to the Sun or the Moon to claim back his money producing eclipses
a2Several sunsIn a certain time in the past three or more suns were on the sky simultaneously
a2aThe sun is a source of distructive heatThe world was or will be (almost) burned when several suns had (will) appear(ed) simultaneously; or the only sun was too hot (or bright)
a2cExtra suns are children of the present oneExtra suns who almost burned or could burn the world are children of the present one
a2c2The extra moonsThe catastrophy that is dangerous for the earth is related to the simultaneous appearance of not only several suns but also several moons
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32aThe Moon rabbitRabbit or hare are seen in the moon
a32hThe Moon plantA tree or bush is seen in the moon
a35Spots on the lunar discDark spots on the lunar disc are dirt, blood, paint, traces of beating, burning, scratching, etc. on the Moon person's body or face (Kiliwa: spots on the Sun) and do not form any particular figure
a41The Sun swallows her childrenTwo persons have children (younger siblings, mothers). One of them proposes to another that they should kill (eat, bake, etc.) their children (mothers, etc.) but hides his or her own. The opponent actually kills his or her own kin. One of the persons or/and the only survived child is the Sun
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b111Bees emerge from the bullBees or wasps fly out of the corpse the body of a big animal (lion, bull). Usually the episode explains the origine of bees
b125Animals exchange their organsDuring the time of creation particular species of animals (rare: plants) exchanged certain organs or traits or one animal borrowed an organ from another one but never brought it back. Thence the characteristics of these animals now. In rare cases the back exchange and restoring of the initial situation or the passing of certain organ from one animal to another without compensation are described
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b2dMarriage of the sky and the earthThe male Sky (the Sun, the Thunder, the creator of the sky) marries the female Earth (or its female creator) or the female Sky marries the male Earth
b3A primeval swampInitially the earth is a swamp, water and dry land are not separated from each other
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b3dEarth from worm’s excrementsA worm obtains the earth (from the underworld), it emerges from the worm's excrements, is extracted from inside of the worm
b40Rabbit as deer’s proxyHare or rabbit is a false deer or it was deer in the past or a close kin of the deer or had horns or antlers or missed opportunity to get them, its ears are the false horns
b40aMissed opportunity to have hornsAnimal who has no horns now had them before or missed opportunity to get them
b43PurushaParts of the body of the primeval person or creature are transformed into different elements of the landscape and parts of the universe
b89Owl as a king of birdsOwl was or wanted to be king of birds or it behaved itself in a wrong way during the elections of the king. Now it avoids other birds and/or other birds chase it
c35Cosmic marriage cancelled It becomes known that if the Sun or the Sky marry, great calamity is inevitable. The marriage plans are given up
c41Why the sky is blueIn the beginning the sky has no particular colour. When certain person covers it with a blue cloth or makes something else, the sky acquires its present colour
c6Valuables brought from the lower worldPersons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)
c6aThe diver is turtle or frogA turtle or a frog (toad) brings the desired object from the bottom of the water body or from the lower world
c6dThe aquisition of the earth from the lower worldThe dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)
c6hAn insect brings the earthAn insect brings the earth (from under the water, from a lower world or from a far-away place)
c6h1Earth is extracted from the belly of an invertibrateThe earth brought from the lower world was in the belly of a worm or an insect and extracted from their
c8The couple of close relations originates the mankindIn the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister, mother and son, or father and daughters are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents
c8aaBrother and sister beget the peopleIn the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents
c8bSiblings change their looks and marryIn the beginning of time or after the world catastrophe brother and sister or mother and son are the only humans. They reject marriage or only the man does not want to marry his sister or mother. After their looks are changed (or only the sister or mother changes her face) they take each other for strangers, marry and beget the new race
c8dThe smallpox breaks tabou for incestuous marriageBrother and sister avoid incestuous relations but marry after getting over the smallpox and because of this being unable to recognize each other
e11The burned skinMagic person reveals his true nature and/or remains with the real people after the object responsible for preserving the non-human appearance (usually an animal skin) is destroyed (usually burned)
e4Creation from dirt of the skinSupernatural person creates the entire earth, human or other beings of dirt taken from his or her skin, from under the nails, etc.
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
e9The mysterious housekeeperPerson observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one
f10Vaginal teeth knocked outWoman has another toothed mouth (usually in vagina) or biting animals in vagina. Man inserts there a stone, bone, stick, etc. breaking or knocking out the teeth or extracting from there dangerous animals
f16Men and women: exchange of anatomical characteristicsInitially men possessed women's biological traits and vice versa (beard, menses, breasts, bearing children)
f18aThe long penisPenis is so long that he can turn it round his waist or send into a woman who is at a long distance from him. (Only texts considered to describe real events and beings and not anecdotes are included)
f28a1Jumping penisAlive penis exists as a separate being able to move and attack people
f28a2A field of penisesThe owner of a field answers (intentionally or because he does not hear well) that he is cultivating penises. After this penises grow on his field instead of plants
f28a3Nice for the girl, dangerous for the peopleAn object possessed by a girl (woman) is nice (useful) for her but getting to somebody’s hands it becomes harmful (dangerous)
f28a4Plants (fruits) as penisesPenises are fruits or shoots of plants
f28dArtificial conceptionWoman conceives after masturbating with an artificial penis
f30Snake paramourA woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man
f40aHusband of the first womenAn anthropomorphic male or an androgyne is the only possessor or leader of women
f40bA man in a village of womenA man gets into the village of women. Usually he has to satisfy every woman against his will or every woman claims him for herself
f45The AmazonsThere are (or were) women who live apart from men in their own village or villages
f70Potiphar's wife: false accusation of sexual abuseWoman makes vain overtures to young man and/or falsely accuses him of sexual abuse. Her husband believes that the young man is guilty, kills or tries to kill him
f70bRevenge of a rejected womanA woman revenges on a man who rejected her love but necessary not pretends to be an object of sexual harassment from his part
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f9aVagina dentataThere are teeth, blades or sharp stones in woman’s genitals, vagina is the biting mouth. (Only texts that are believed to correspond to reality are considered but not anecdotes and jokes)
f9e1Dangerous animal in vaginaWoman is dangerous because biting or stinging animal or animals is (are) inside her genitals (and not only the head of such an animal)
f9f1Snake inside womanPoisonous snake (snakes, scorpions) comes out of the mouth of a woman {Motif F9f1 and K100c are almost identical but F9f1 links to a cluster of etiological/cosmological motifs related to the idea of a dangerous woman while K100c is related to adventures}
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
g5Food treeFruits and shoots of different cultivated plants grow on the branches of one tree (on one vine) or certain plant has a tree form that is alien to it in nature
h1dThe first dead is rejected by the alive peoplePerson dies and returns soon but people send him or her back, refuse to accept as a member of their community or bury again. Since then death becomes permanent
h1eThe first dead opens the roadAfter the first death the road to the realm of death remains open; certain person makes a road to the realm of death; the first person who had died becomes the ruler of the guard of the realm of death
h24Container opened too earlyContainer with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear
h5People and snakesReptiles or invertebrates possess the medicine of immortality; are contrasted with men as immortal with mortals and/or are responsible for originating of death; or a snake's bite inflicts the first death
h7f1Death eats the deadDeath eats the dead and thus assuages his hunger
i141The magic stickA stick is a tool to initiate processes which results have no rational explanation
i35Dragging a hide produces thunderThunder is produced by dragging behind a dry animal skin or (rare) a person (rare) or by shaking clothes
i41Rainbow serpentRainbow is a reptile (usually a snake) or (more rare) a fish, or it is related to snake, to its tongue, breath, or to scorpion's tail
i41aRainbow from anthill or termite nestRainbow rises from an anthill
i45bNot to point at the rainbowIt to point at the rainbow, pointing finger or entire arm will rot, wither or become crooked
i69Star dungShining sky objects or atmospheric phenomena are excrements of sky dwellers
i72Stars are peopleStars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)
i85c1The rain stored in the skyIn the sky there is a special container (vessel, skin, box, etc.) for storing the rain
i8cThe suspended earthThe earth does not fall down or swing because it is suspended to ropes
i8e1Four supports of the worldThe sky or the earth rests upon four or five (cardinal points and the center) supports of any kind (poles, mountains, giants)
i8iOriginal earth unstableOriginally the earth was unstable and swung, then it was fixed up
j22ePlacenta personA second person evolves from the placenta of the first one
j26Babies come out of the waterBaby heroes, embryos or objects from which they emerge are found in a river or lake or come to people out of the water
j62People turned into stonesPerson transforms people who come to him or her into inanimate objects, usually stones
j62cSister asks her brother to obtain impossibleTo get rid of a young man, his female antagonist uses a stratagem. She tells his sister (rare: tells directly him) about some wonderful objects and the girl is overcome with the desire to have them. An attempt to obtain these objects entails a risk for one’s life. The youth sets off to obtain the objects
k100A faithful servantA man gets to know about dangers that threaten another man (and often about turning into stone of anybody who would warn about these dangers). He helps the man to escape the dangers though his behavior seems strange or hostile
k100cGirl’s bridegrooms are bitten by a snake. The hero or his companion eliminate the source of danger
k100eAggressive storiesStories act as particular persons: become harmful because they think that a certain person does not treat them in a correct way
k103aTree raises its branchesA plant (tree, vine, lotus) that has grown up rapidly does not let anybody besides the hero or the heroine to climb it or to pick its fruits (flowers)
k106Thrown to cowsTo get rid of a baby child or of the magic cock, they throw him into enclosure for animals, but cows or other animals do not trample the child or cock down
k12Woman is lost and returnedBy trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back
k120aThe averted incest (sister and brother)A man is going to marry his sister (often puts certain condition on his future marriage, only his sister complies with them). The girl gets to escape
k120a2Not my mother but my mother-in-lawMembers of the girl’s family want to marry her to a man who should not be her marriage partner (usually it is her own brother). They ask her to name them as her in-laws or the girl herself tells that they are not anymore her mother, sister, etc. but her mother-in-law, sister-in-law, etc. or her worst enemies
k123aA broken vesselA youth breaks or overthrows a vessel of a woman or girl. This episode is a trigger for the narrative
k136A lad and his cattleA lad becomes a master and a leader of great amount of cattle (cows or buffaloes) and meets a princess (usually after she finds his hair fallen into a river)
k136a1Youth’s hair picked up from a riverA woman finds the youth’s hair that was carried by water and decides to marry its owner
k136dTwo flutesYoung man receives two flutes (pipes, horns) from a cow (buffalo). Their sounds are different and can be used as signals (joy or grief, piece or danger, etc.)
k176A man in search of the womanA (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
k2The destroyed ladderHero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)
k24Stolen clothes of supernatural womanWomen (rare: men) who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons; rare: a girl of higher social status than the hero) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a person hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him (rare: her)
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27eEating or drinking contestPerson or animal must eat (drink) enormous quantity of food (beverage) or eat or drink poisonous beverage or food
k27fThe task: to get a womanA task-giver asks the hero to get for him a particular woman
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n1Task-giver is a king or a chiefPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero and/or person who demands the fulfillment of certain conditions from those who want to marry his daughter is a prominent figure in social hierarchy. He is a head of the socio-political unit of community or super-community level and is neither a member of the hero’s household nor a mythical being
k27nnEnvious ministerNot the powerful person himself but his official or adviser tries to get rid of the hero and suggests that the person should give the hero difficult tasks
k27qMilk of the wild beastHero is sent to bring milk of a wild animal or milk in possession of a dangerous creature or person
k27x3The man persecuted because of his beautiful brideA powerful person coverts a beautiful bride or wife of a man and gives him impossible tasks to get rid of him
k2aHero marooned in the underworldHero is sent to the lower world though a well, precipice, etc. After he obtains valuables (young women), his envious companions cut the rope to get rid of him but he succeeds in returning back
k2bThe Mountain-man and the Oak-manThe pastimes or only names of the hero’s companions are unusual and different but their specific qualities that they must possess considering their names are irrelevant for the plot. Cf. motif K66, “Extraordinary companions”
k32The false wifeAn ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.
k32hPunishment: buried aliveTo punish an antagonist, he or she is buried alive
k33cGirl from a fruitYoung man gets a girl who is inside of a fruit or (rare) a flower or an egg
k33c1Transformed into lotus Person is thrown into the water and becomes a flower (usually lotus)
k33c7One fruit with a girl insideYoung man obtains a fruit from which a girl comes out (rare: two girls from two fruits, both remain with the man). The episode of the loss of girls who were inside other fruits is absent, Cf. motif k33c6
k33hThe cat, the dog and the magic objectA man obtains an object that fulfills his wishes. The object is stolen but brought back by the animals (which had been saved by the man before)
k33hThe cat, the dog and the magic objectA man obtains an object that fulfills his wishes. The object is stolen but brought back by the animals (which had been saved by the man before)
k35False husbandAn imposter pretends to be the hero to take his position and/or to marry or to violate his woman
k36Bewitched into animalPerson is temporary transformed into animal (usually into a dog or coyote or into donkey, ox, etc.). When he acquires his human guise again, the antagonist suffers similar transformation. In some texts only the hero or only the antagonist is transformed
k38Hero helps the nestlingsFor helping its children, their powerful mother or father who is a giant bird or (rare) other flying being helps the hero
k38bThe nestlings and the aggressive snakeA serpent or water monster regularly devours or injures children of a bird or other flying creature (almost always nestlings of giant bird). The hero kills the serpent (monster)
k38f7Wild animals are hero’s dogsPerson obtains some wild animals (of two or more different species) who serve him like dogs
k65dWrong marriage ritual and the birth of spiritsThe primeval couple is married. First wife has miscarriages or gives birth to spirits, worms or other unpleasant animals. Later, usually after the proper marriage ceremony is organized, she becomes to give birth to real human beings or gods
k73Children of the youngest wifeA young woman promises to bear a wonderful children (wonderful son). In her husband's absence other people (co-wives, mother-in-law, etc.) try to kill the mother and/or the child, usually slandering the young woman
k73a1Baby child substituted with inanimate objectHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with inanimate object and/or inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to a stone, broom, doll, etc.
k73a8The wonderful children: brother and sisterWoman gives birth to wonderful boy and girl. Being substituted with animals or objects and thrown away, they survive and triumph over their enemies
k74Hero, his companions and a dwarfThe hero and his companion or companions live together. Every morning one stays at home while another or others go to hunt, etc. A demonic person comes, eats up all the food and beats the cook. Or the man who remained at home comes to the demon himself in search of fire and is maltreated by him. The hero kills or neutralizes the demon
k75The youngest daughter is willing (The loathsome bridegroom)A girl (usually the youngest of several sisters) does not reject but marries a poor, sick, dirty, old, too young, non-human, etc. man who later demonstrates his supernatural qualities
k75aThrown apple hits the chosen oneBoy or girl selects one person among many throwing an object (usually an apple) into him or her. This way a girl makes a choice of a husband, a young man of a bride, a boy identifies his father
k76A strange sonA boy born into a family or found by his adoptive parents has a strange guise (ball of meat, nut, bag, half of a man, an animal). He possesses magic power, becomes a handsome man and usually marries a girl of high social status. The magic spouse of a princess originally has a non-human or monstrous appearance
k80a4Person’s hair turns into grassHair of the head of a person turns into grass (thorns, bamboo, shrub)
k93Twin brothers and a womanAfter a series of adventures and victories, the hero gets into trouble. His twin brother or the best friend follows his traces, gets across the same persons but overcomes the last enemy and revives (liberates) the hero
k93aSword of chastitySleeping in one bed with a woman, man puts a sharp or thorny object between them as a sign of chastity (sometimes the woman herself puts the sword)
k93b2Conception from eaten fruitAfter eating a fruit (usually an apple, in Northern traditions also an egg), the sterile woman gives birth to a son or twins
k96Fifty sonsMany brothers marry or have to marry in such a way that all their wives are (were) sisters
k98(Animal) helper turns into householdAn animal or (rare) a person that gave birth to the hero or supported him for a long time asks his master or son to kill him or her. Its (her) remains turn into a house with a household where the hero can live
l11Turtle-benchIn a non-human world objects of everyday life have appearance of animals and monsters, mainly fish, amphibians and reptiles
l114The youngest one saves siblings from demonA group of young people comes to a demon. The youngest brother of sister or a person whom others take for a sick, unpleasant, invalid one and who often accompanies the others against their wish saves them all
l114cTo exchange clothes with ogre's daughtersChildren or youths (usually a group of brothers) exchange clothes (headgears, ornaments, blankets, sleeping places) with their enemy’s children. The enemy kills his or her own children by mistake. Usually brothers get to the ogre or ogress and the youngest advices to exchange places (clothes, etc.) with ogre’s daughters). Outside of Europe the actors can be animals
l15dThe external soulLife of a person or creature is preserved outside of his (her, its) body. Person or creature dies after the corresponding object is destroyed
l15eHero’s life in his swordHero's life is in certain object, usually in his weapon. When antagonist steals the object, the hero dies but revives after his friends or brothers find the object and bring it back
l37aTo get know causes of problems
l81Demon’s firePerson sets off in search of fire and finds it in the house of a demon. The demon makes harm to the person
l87Taste of bloodUnintentionally, person gets to taste his or her own blood or flesh, likes the taste, turns into a cannibal
l90Mouth from the earth to the skyMonster's upper lip (fang, horn, etc.) touches the sky, lower touches the ground
l90bTeeth reaching the sky and the earthOne tooth (tusk) of a supernatural creature touches the sky, and the other touches the ground or reaches the underworld
l94Child promised to demonA demon helps a man or a woman or lets him or her free. As a reward, the person is forced to promise to give the demon his child
l96bThe yogi boiled in his own pot of oilA man comes into the power of a yogi or demon. He asks the man to walk round the boiling pot of oil or to prostrate himself before the image of a deity. The man asks him to show how to do it and pushes him in or the pot or beheads him
m104Make believe killing of kinsfolkPerson conceals his or her close relatives (children, mother, brothers) and tells another that he or she has killed them. Another believes and agrees to kill his or her own children, mother, etc.
m105aMake believe killing of childrenPerson conceals her children and tells another one that she has killed them. Another person really kills her own
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m114Rope of sandPerson is suggested to twist (or he really twists) a rope or make other object of sand, ash, smoke, etc.
m149aTreaty with the tigerA man, light-mindedly or against his own wish, makes an agreement with a dangerous predator. He does not want (cannot) keep it or breaks it and the predator is going to kill him but the man remains alive
m162Eating his own innardsPerson pretends to eat his own innards or flesh and persuades the other to do the same. Other believes and kills themselves
m182The tarbabyThe (animal) person threatens another to beat him and sticks to him with all his limbs in succession. Usually it is a figure smeared with some sticky substance that the person takes for somebody alive
m183A race: one against manyMany animals of one species that all look identical together fulfill the task that would be impossible for any of them if he were alone; the competitors believe that the task was fulfilled by only one animal. Usually a slow and a fast animals agree to race. The slow one puts other animals of his species at the finish or along the distance, each one answering the fast one that he is ahead of him. The fast one accepts his loss
m192Trapped in the animal hideAn animal or person who crawled into a fresh carcass or put on a fresh animal skin cannot free himself (usually because the carcass or the skin becomes dry). He gets free when the skin becomes soft again or somebody helps him
m193Flight inside pumpkinTo pass unnoticed dangerous animals on his or her way back, person crawls into a gourd, a big cattle, etc. and is rolling inside it along the road, or he walks transforming his appearance in a bizarre way
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m30Trickster falls downPerson or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return
m30Trickster falls downPerson or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return
m30cFlying person falls down after breaking tabooPerson flies across the air but falls down when, despite warning, looks down to earth, flies above villages, becomes to talk, etc.
m57cGold producing animalAn animal (ass, cow, horse, goat, bear, leopard) extracts gold or food from its body or person makes others believe that it is so
m57c1Gold-producing bearA man enters into a fight with a bear or (among the Malayali) leopard and makes another person believe that this animal defecates gold
m77A soiled bedWhile person is asleep, another smears with excrements or something that reminds excrements his or her bed or clothes. The ashamed person runs away or agrees to make what the trickster wants in exchange of his silence
m91c2Put into the bagPerson is put into a bag (a cage, tied up, etc.) to be drowned, burned, etc. He pretends to be in this situation by his own will or because he refuses to marry a princess, to become a chief and the like. Another person is willing to take his place and is killed


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Soqotri
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Gondi (mostly Northern Gondi)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Russians: Southern part of ethnic territory as in A.D. 1500 (Belgorod, Voronezh, Tambov, Penza, Lipetsk, Orel, Kursk, Bryansk provinces; in case of absence in other areas also Russians in Samara, Simbirsk and Saratov provinces)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Eastern Tibetans (Kham; Sichuan, NW Yunnan)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Gagauz
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Bondo, Didayi (Gata')
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Nilgiri Hills: Toda, Kota, Kurumba (Kuruba), Badaga, Maravar, Pulaya, Adiya, Kadar, Irula
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Kond (Khond, Kondh; language is Kui, incl Kuttia, Konda-Dora), Koya; Pengo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Eastern Arunachal Pradesh: Abor (incl Minyong, Shimong, Padam, Pasi, Panggi), Apa Tani (Apatani), Bori, Bugun, Dafla (=Nyishi, Nisi, Nishing, incl Tagin), Gallong (=Galo, Adi), Mishmi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Maria, Muria, and other South-Central Dravidians: Binjhwar, Baсор, Bhattra, Bom, Jhoria (=Jhodia), Gadaba (in Koraput, neighbors of Munda-speaking Gadaba), Duruwa (Parji), Mehtar; Pardhan

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Nilgiri Hills: Toda, Kota, Kurumba (Kuruba), Badaga, Maravar, Pulaya, Adiya, Kadar, Irula
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Oraon (Kurukh)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
SW Arunachal Pradesh: Sherdukpen, Tawang (Monpas), Aka (Hrusso), Miji
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Bengali, Maithili
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Northern Munda of Kharwar branch: Birhor, Ho, Mundari, Kol, Asur (including Agaria, Kol, Birjhia), Bhumij
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Assamese
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Maria, Muria, and other South-Central Dravidians: Binjhwar, Baсор, Bhattra, Bom, Jhoria (=Jhodia), Gadaba (in Koraput, neighbors of Munda-speaking Gadaba), Duruwa (Parji), Mehtar; Pardhan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Soqotri
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kannada, Lingayat, Halakki
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Lepcha