Nilgiri Hills: Toda, Kota, Kurumba (Kuruba), Badaga, Maravar, Pulaya, Adiya, Kadar, Irula



Tradition title rus: 
Холмы Нилгири: тода, кота, курумба (Kuruba), бадага, пулая, адия, кадар, наяр, ирула
Areal ID: 
5.6.3.5
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
72.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
41.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a5


Name_eng: 
The Sun and the Moon are males
Description: 

The Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual




Motif

a12


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: monster’s attack
Description: 

Some creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light




Motif

a12c


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: reptiles and fish
Description: 

During an eclipse or at the sunset the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a reptile (a snake, a lizard, a dragon, a crocodile) or a fish




Motif

a32


Name_eng: 
Figure on lunar disc
Description: 

A figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)




Motif

a32a


Name_eng: 
The Moon rabbit
Description: 

Rabbit or hare are seen in the moon




Motif

a38


Name_eng: 
The Sun caught in snare
Description: 

Person prepares a snare, loop, noose, etc. to catch the Sun and/or the Sun is caught in a snare, tied by a rope, etc.




Motif

b69


Name_eng: 
Chipmunk's back scratched: hence his stripes
Description: 

To thank or to punish a small mammal like chipmunk or (ground) squirrel, animal or person scratches or paints it producing stripes on its back




Motif

e5a


Name_eng: 
Mankind ascends from the underworld
Description: 

The first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together




Motif

e5b


Name_eng: 
First couple from the underworld
Description: 

First man (a group of brothers) or first human couple come out from the underworld (a cave) or from a small enclosure on its surface (tussock, reed, tree, rock, gourd)




Motif

i7


Name_eng: 
The cloud serpent
Description: 

A flying reptile produces rain, thunderstorm




Motif

i13a


Name_eng: 
The horned serpent
Description: 

Giant water-chthonic or sky serpent or dragon has horns or antlers on its head




Motif

i27


Name_eng: 
Chthonic canine
Description: 

A dog is the lord, guard or guide of/to the land of the dead; or dogs live on the way to the land of the dead




Motif

i28


Name_eng: 
Animals in the underworld
Description: 

Game animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master




Motif

i40


Name_eng: 
Rainbow bow
Description: 

Rainbow is a bow




Motif

i89


Name_eng: 
The lost caravan
Description: 

There is an evil star or constellation that brings death and misfortune; usually travelers mistake at night some star for Morning Star, set off, take a wrong direction and perish or get into trouble




Motif

j22e


Name_eng: 
Placenta person
Description: 

A second person evolves from the placenta of the first one




Motif

k24


Name_eng: 
Stolen clothes of supernatural woman
Description: 

Women who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a man hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him




Motif

k25


Name_eng: 
Magic wife
Description: 

A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world




Motif

k32


Name_eng: 
The false wife
Description: 

An ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.




Motif

k33


Name_eng: 
Drowned woman remains alive
Description: 

A young woman is transformed into an animal, pushed into the water, into the underworld or she herself has to plunge into water (acquire animal form). Her connection with the human world is not completely lost, however, and usually she is helped to return to the people




Motif

k64a


Name_eng: 
Blinded cyclopes
Description: 

Person blinds sleeping ogre or ogress and escapes from him or her




Motif

k65b


Name_eng: 
Humans and spirits
Description: 

Spirits or unpleasant animals (reptiles, worms, etc.) are (often: concealed from the eyes of God or deformed) children or miscarriages of the same human couple or the same primeval ancestor who produced first human beings




Motif

k76


Name_eng: 
A strange son
Description: 

A boy born into a family or found by his adoptive parents has a strange guise (ball of meat, nut, bag, half of a man, an animal). He possesses magic power, becomes a handsome man and usually marries a girl of high social status. The magic spouse of a princess originally has a non-human or monstrous appearance




Motif

l7


Name_eng: 
Chasing an animal by mistake
Description: 

Instead of chasing a person, a bush spirit, a monster or a dangerous animal follows by mistake an object or animal that moves nearby




Motif

m39a3


Name_eng: 
Had your daughter horns?
Description: 

Fool kills a person, throws the body into a pond or a well. His relation throws there a dead goat. Searching for the corpse in the pond, the fool asks if the killed person had horns, etc. People see that he is really crazy and do not suspect him of a crime




Motif

m78


Name_eng: 
A tiny boy (Thumbling)
Description: 

Tiny boy as small as a thumb, a pea and the like taunts people, predator animals, ogres




Motif

m84


Name_eng: 
Revived from bones
Description: 

Person, animal, fish or (rare) a fruit is eaten up and then revived, usually after all bones (all seeds) being put together




Motif

m114


Name_eng: 
Rope of sand
Description: 

Person is suggested to twist (or he really twists) a rope or make other object of sand, ash, smoke, etc.




Motif

m131


Name_eng: 
Biting tree-root
Description: 

A stronger (animal)-person gets to seize a leg or tail of a weaker one. To get free the weaker one pretends that his pursuer got hold of a tree root, and the pursuer lets his enemy free




Motif

m167


Name_eng: 
A tiger taken for a bull
Description: 

During the night a strong predator (a tiger, a lion, etc.) and a thief not knowing about each other get into stable to steal a domestic animal. The thief takes the predator for domestic animal or for a person and acts accordingly




Motif

m192


Name_eng: 
Trapped in the animal hide
Description: 

An animal or person who crawled into a fresh carcass or put on a fresh animal skin cannot free himself (usually because the carcass or the skin becomes dry). He gets free when the skin becomes soft again or somebody helps him




Motif

a44


Name_eng: 
Moon the protector
Description: 

A person pursued by an enemy or tyrannized by others asks the Moon to take her or him to the sky. The request is granted and the person is now seen in the Moon




Motif

h49b


Name_eng: 
The faithful dog as security for a debt
Description: 

A man gives his dog to another man. The dog proves to be brave and intelligent (drives off thieves, finds stolen treasure). The man who received the dog sends it back with a message of thanks. The owner, thinking the dog has run away, kills it and after this finds the letter




Motif

k76c


Name_eng: 
Child the gourd
Description: 

An (adoptive) son (rare daughter) emerges from a gourd (rare water melon, coco nut) or is found inside it




Motif

b94


Name_eng: 
Talking trees
Description: 

Trees (and animals) could talk and asked people not to cut or kill them




Motif

c1


Name_eng: 
The collapse of the sky
Description: 

Catastropic displacement of layers of the univers in the past or in the future is mentioned. Among variants (sometimes combined):
the sky fell on the earth; the earth (the underworld) and the sky interchanged their positions; the earth turned upside down; the layers of the universe collapsed in one after another; they will change their place during the future cataclysm




Motif

f28a1


Name_eng: 
Jumping penis
Description: 

Alive penis exists as a separate being able to move and attack people




Motif

i8g


Name_eng: 
Atlas
Description: 

One giant supports the earth or the sky




Motif

i8i


Name_eng: 
Original earth unstable
Description: 

Originally the earth was unstable and swung, then it was fixed up




Motif

i51a


Name_eng: 
Bull the earth-holder
Description: 

Big mammal supports the earth




Motif

k136a


Name_eng: 
Girl’s hair picked up from a river
Description: 

A man finds the woman’s hair that was carried by water and decides to marry its owner




Motif

l4


Name_eng: 
The unmasked murderer (The Blue Beard)
Description: 

Person kills girls (rare: his nephews or younger brothers of his wife) in succession (usually the male person kills his wives). The last of potential victims escapes, usually after finding remains of those who had been killed or imprisoned earlier




Motif

m130c


Name_eng: 
The mouse and the lion (the help of the weak)
Description: 

When a lion (tiger, bear, elephant, man) gets into a trap, a mouse (rat) makes him free (usually bites through the ropes)




Motif

h3


Name_eng: 
Sham funerals trigger permanent death
Description: 

People become mortal because they imitated real funerals burying an animal




Motif

k76c


Name_eng: 
Child the gourd
Description: 

An (adoptive) son (rare daughter) emerges from a gourd (rare water melon, coco nut) or is found inside it




Motif

a8b


Name_eng: 
The Sun in the land of the dead
Description: 

When the Sun descends below the horizon, it shines to the anthropomorphic denizens of the netherworld (the dead, dwarfs, etc.)




Motif

f28a3


Name_eng: 
Nice for the girl, dangerous for the people
Description: 

An object possessed by a girl (woman) is nice (useful) for her but getting to somebody’s hands it becomes harmful (dangerous)




Motif

l42g2


Name_eng: 
Birds destroy the trace
Description: 

Walking person creates a trace behind him or her throwing seeds, stones, etc. or the trace is produced because blood drops behind the person. The traces is destroyed unintentionally by birds, animals, wind etc.




Motif

e38b


Name_eng: 
People from gourd
Description: 

After the world cataclysm or in the beginning of times a gourd survives or appears, new people come out of it




Motif

f28a4


Name_eng: 
Plants (fruits) as penises
Description: 

Penises are fruits or shoots of plants




Motif

l37a


Name_eng: 
To get know causes of problems
Description: 



Motif

c8


Name_eng: 
The couple of close relations originates the mankind
Description: 

In the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister, mother and son, or father and daughters are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents




Motif

c8c1


Name_eng: 
Father and daughter beget the people
Description: 

In the beginning of time or after the world cataclysm, a man marries his daughter(s) and the present day people are their descendents




Motif

c8e


Name_eng: 
Survival in the floating bottle gourd
Description: 

During the flood or in the beginning of times persons (usually brother abd sister) are floating in a big bottle gourd




Motif

k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)


Name_eng: 
Competitions and difficult tasks
Description: 

Person is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life




Motif

e11


Name_eng: 
The burned skin
Description: 

Magic person reveals his true nature and/or remains with the real people after the object responsible for preserving the non-human appearance (usually an animal skin) is destroyed (usually burned)




Motif

f30


Name_eng: 
Snake paramour
Description: 

A woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man




Motif

l46


Name_eng: 
Head downward
Description: 

Person ascends, descends, walks head downward or sees the world upside down




Motif

m125


Name_eng: 
Eating his own eyes
Description: 

Person lies to another that he is eating his eyes. The companion agrees to be blinded. The first person extracts one of companion’s eye but gives him to eat something delicious instead. The companion believes that his eyes are good to eat and agrees to be deprived of another eye too




Motif

m29b


Name_eng: 
Trickster-fox, jackal or coyote
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote




Motif

m157


Name_eng: 
The impossible giving birth
Description: 

Person claims that a man or a male animal had given birth (or is menstruating) or that a female gave birth to a young of another species or that a woman gave birth to an animal




Motif

m157a2


Name_eng: 
Bull or cart gives birth
Description: 

Person claims that a calf (colt, kid, etc.) was born (brought to the place) not by the cow (mare, etc.) of another person but by his own male animal (bull, stallion, etc.), his own animal of another species or by inanimate object (usually a cart)




Motif

m157a4


Name_eng: 
To fish on a hill
Description: 

Person demonstrates the absurdity of the claims of another person saying that he (or somebody else) was fishing on a hill, putting out a fire spilling straw, looking how the fish fly etc. or he is imitating such an activity. Either the place chosen for the activity or the means are irrational




Motif

m167a


Name_eng: 
A tiger who is afraid of Twilight
Description: 

A strong predator (usually a tiger) overhears a person saying that he fears something worse than a tiger The word is unknown to the tiger (twilight, etc). Thinking it must be a terrible thing he hides and then runs away




Motif

m29b3


Name_eng: 
The fox (jackal, coyote) is a failure
Description: 

Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the fox, jackal or coyote suffers a reverse, is injured or dies




Motif

l93a


Name_eng: 
Helpful fox
Description: 

Cunning fox, jackal or coyote saves particular person or many people, helps them




Motif

h1e


Name_eng: 
The first dead opens the road
Description: 

After the first death the road to the realm of death remains open; certain person makes a road to the realm of death; the first person who had died becomes the ruler of the guard of the realm of death




Motif

l47


Name_eng: 
Enemy moves backward and dies
Description: 

Hero's enemy ascends a tree or rock head downward or walks backward letting the hero better possibility to kill him or to escape




Motif

k76c1


Name_eng: 
Woman gives birth to a gourd
Description: 

Woman gives birth to a gourd which turns into person or which contains a person or people inside




Motif

h12


Name_eng: 
The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s death
Description: 

The alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks




Motif

c9


Name_eng: 
Warning about the coming flood
Description: 

God, animal, some person warns one of the people about the catastrophy (usuallly the flood) that will become soon and in which most of the people must perish




Motif

c8aa


Name_eng: 
Brother and sister beget the people
Description: 

In the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Lisu, Achang, Taunyo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Meo (Hmong) of Thailand, Laos and Northern Vietnam
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kachin (Jingpho), Chak, Maru
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Chinese of Qinghai and Gansu provinces and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Chin-Naga: Ao, Mao, Sema, Zeme, Liangmai, Kolren, Kom, Lhota, Rengma, Angami, Kabui, Tangkhul, Koirenf
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Lahu, Kucong, Yi, Nosu (Nuosu, Northern Yi), Nisu, Nusu, Sani, Jino, Lolo (incl. Bai), Axi, Nasu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Bahnar, Bana, Sedang, Por
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kuki, Chiru, Falam (Hallam), Chin (Meitei =Manipuri, Khami, =Kumi), Lakher, Mizo (Lushei), Anal, Pawi (Lai), Purum, Koireng, Milhiem, Kolhen, Mru
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Khmu (Kammu), Puoc
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Eastern Arunachal Pradesh: Abor (incl Minyong, Shimong, Padam, Pasi, Panggi), Apa Tani (Apatani), Bori, Bugun, Dafla (=Nyishi, Nisi, Nishing, incl Tagin), Gallong (=Galo, Adi), Mishmi

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Bhuiya (now Aryans, originally Munda; Rahman 1955: 203), Baiga, Bhaina, Bhumia (subgroup of Baiga, incl Bharia, formerly Munda, now speak Indo-Aryan languages of neighboring groups)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Hindi-speaking peoples and casts (incl. Teli, Parahiya; incl. Chhattisgarhi) of Northern and West-Central India
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Dungan of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Biu-Mandara: Margi, Kilba, Bura, Kera, Karekare (Kerri-Kerri), Bachama, Zulgo, Giziga, Hdi, Kapsiki, Mandara (incl Mukulehe, Matakam), Mofu (Mofu-Gudur), Somrai (Sibine, Shibha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Northern Luzon: Apayao, Bontoc, Nabaloi (Ibaloi), Ifugao, Igorot (highland people, not specified), Ilocan, Ilongot, Isneg, Kalinga, Kankanay, Tingian (Tinggian, Bilongan Itneg); Ibanag, Kasiguran Agta, Keley-i Kallahan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Mongols (Khalkha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Lisu, Achang, Taunyo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Sinhalese; Vedda
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Khmer
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Sindhi