Kond (Khond, Kondh; language is Kui, incl Kuttia, Konda-Dora), Koya; Pengo



Tradition title rus: 
Конды (язык - куй; вкл куттиа, конда-дора), койя; пенго
Areal ID: 
6.1.2.2
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
134.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
88.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a14Eclipses: relations between the Sun and the MoonComing together of the Sun and the Moon is the reason of their eclipses
a14aThe conflict between the Sun and the MoonThe Sun and the Moon are or were enemies, either permanently or in particular situations
a2Several sunsIn a certain time in the past three or more suns were on the sky simultaneously
a21Luminaries are objects fixed in the skyThe sun and/or the moon are inanimate objects thrown up to the sky or fixed in the sky
a27Crowns of the Sun and MoonLight and/or heat of the Sun and/or Moon originate from their crowns, necklaces or clothes (of feathers, of animal teeth)
a2aThe sun is a source of distructive heatThe world was or will be (almost) burned when several suns had (will) appear(ed) simultaneously; or the only sun was too hot (or bright)
a2bExtra suns and moons annihilatedOther suns or moons besides present ones had been in the sky and were later annihilated
a2cExtra suns are children of the present oneExtra suns who almost burned or could burn the world are children of the present one
a2c2The extra moonsThe catastrophy that is dangerous for the earth is related to the simultaneous appearance of not only several suns but also several moons
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32aThe Moon rabbitRabbit or hare are seen in the moon
a41The Sun swallows her childrenTwo persons have children (younger siblings, mothers). One of them proposes to another that they should kill (eat, bake, etc.) their children (mothers, etc.) but hides his or her own. The opponent actually kills his or her own kin. One of the persons or/and the only survived child is the Sun
b125Animals exchange their organsDuring the time of creation particular species of animals (rare: plants) exchanged certain organs or traits or one animal borrowed an organ from another one but never brought it back. Thence the characteristics of these animals now. In rare cases the back exchange and restoring of the initial situation or the passing of certain organ from one animal to another without compensation are described
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b3eEarth falls on watersIn the beginning there are only air and water. 1) Person descends from the sky, creates the dry land or a hard support created for her or him grows into the earth. 2) The earth is sent or dropped from the sky, put on the surface of the water. 3) The earth is brought from somewhere (not from the underworld) and put on the water
b40Rabbit as deer’s proxyHare or rabbit is a false deer or it was deer in the past or a close kin of the deer or had horns or antlers or missed opportunity to get them, its ears are the false horns
b40aMissed opportunity to have hornsAnimal who has no horns now had them before or missed opportunity to get them
b41The talking dogBecause the dog was spreading some information, altercated with its masters, was talking in a wrong time, etc. it lost the ability to speak
b41aAnimal reveals master’s secretsThe dog or other domestic animal speaks aloud about those details of its masters' life that they would prefer to conceal. He is punished by depriving his ability to speak
b43PurushaParts of the body of the primeval person or creature are transformed into different elements of the landscape and parts of the universe
b49Muddled requestAnimals of particular species do not hear well the instructions concerning their way of life or the ask God for some benefit but muddle their request. Thanks to this they acquire their present habits. (In the Toraja tale the motif is used to explain the mortal nature of human beings)
b53Creatures or objects from cut off genitalsSupernaturally big genitals are cut off and turn into snakes or other creatures and objects
b77Primeval sky close to earthOriginally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up
b77aGiant pushed the sky upOne or several (animal)-persons push sky up to its present height
b80Measuring of the worldThe process of world creation includes the measuring of its size
c5aBird-scoutsBirds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living
c6Valuables brought from the lower worldPersons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)
c6aThe diver is turtle or frogA turtle or a frog (toad) brings the desired object from the bottom of the water body or from the lower world
c6dThe aquisition of the earth from the lower worldThe dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)
c6eThe diver is a crustaceanA crustacean brings the earth from the bottom of the ocean or from the lower world
c6gThe diver is a wild boarA wild boar brings the earth from under the water and/or spills it over the water
c6iDirt stuck to body turns into the earthBird or animal returns from the lower world smeared with dirt. It shakes itself or the dirt is scraped off. The dirt turns into the earth
c8The couple of close relations originates the mankindIn the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister, mother and son, or father and daughters are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents
c8aaBrother and sister beget the peopleIn the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents
c8bSiblings change their looks and marryIn the beginning of time or after the world catastrophe brother and sister or mother and son are the only humans. They reject marriage or only the man does not want to marry his sister or mother. After their looks are changed (or only the sister or mother changes her face) they take each other for strangers, marry and beget the new race
c8eSurvival in the floating bottle gourdDuring the flood or in the beginning of times persons (usually brother abd sister) are floating in a big bottle gourd
c9Warning about the coming floodGod, animal, some person warns one of the people about the catastrophy (usuallly the flood) that will become soon and in which most of the people must perish
e32People born from treesFirst people are born by trees or come out of a tree, flower, reed
e4Creation from dirt of the skinSupernatural person creates the entire earth, human or other beings of dirt taken from his or her skin, from under the nails, etc.
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
e5bFirst couple from the underworldFirst man (a group of brothers) or first human couple come out from the underworld (a cave) or from a small enclosure on its surface (tussock, reed, tree, rock, gourd)
e5dPredator devours emerging peoplePeople live underground or in a small enclosure. When they come out they are attacked by monster or dangerous animal. Monster is killed or transformed
e7Person stuck in a cosmic holeTo descend from the sky, ascend from the underworld or come out of the cave, people must pass through narrow hole. A person is stuck in the hole blocking forever communication between different parts of the universe
e9The mysterious housekeeperPerson observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one
f16Men and women: exchange of anatomical characteristicsInitially men possessed women's biological traits and vice versa (beard, menses, breasts, bearing children)
f17Misplaced genitaliaOriginally, humans had (had to have; can have under some special confition) their genitals not on the place where they are now; the genitals were absent, or people did not know know their function and used for copulation other parts of the body
f18aThe long penisPenis is so long that he can turn it round his waist or send into a woman who is at a long distance from him. (Only texts considered to describe real events and beings and not anecdotes are included)
f18dLong clitorisFemale genitals are as long as a big snake
f22Study of partner’s bodyPerson asks another person of the opposite sex about destination or place of her or his genitals. Usually it is made after putting questions about function of other body parts; or person tries to use for sex different parts of the partner's body or tests them before reaching the best place where the genitals should be put
f23Origin of menses: sexual actWomen menstruate because they bled in primeval time after the first defloration
f28a1Jumping penisAlive penis exists as a separate being able to move and attack people
f80aGenitals apart from the bodyGenitals exist by themselves as separate beings, they can be stuck to the human body, remove, etc.
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f9aVagina dentataThere are teeth, blades or sharp stones in woman’s genitals, vagina is the biting mouth. (Only texts that are believed to correspond to reality are considered but not anecdotes and jokes)
g12aPlants from drops of bloodCultivated plants emerge from drops of blood or spill from cuts on the body of a person or animal
g15Plant maidensIn the other world or in the time of the ancestors food products or materials used by people looked as persons
h16bThe basin of milkA river (wave, lake, basin) of milk that exists on earth (and not among the stars) is mentioned in narratives (in different context)
h36The muddled messagePerson is sent by god to bring instructions or certain objects but distorts, forgets or replaces them. This has fatal consequences for humans or for a certain species of animals. (Lithuanian case can be a mistification)
i104Stars are fragmentsStars are fragments of a bigger luminary (usually the Moon); or stars, the sun and the moon are formed from one and the same primeval person or creature
i10bColored layers of the earthParticular layers or categories of the earth have different colors
i13cSnake’s crownReptiles possess treasure which a person gets or tries to get. Usually it is a crown, jewel or small horns on the snake's head
i14No-anus peoplePerson or creature has no anus opening
i16Body anomalies of the first peopleFirst human beings have no mouth, anus or genitals, their women do not know how to give birth
i3Weapon of ThunderThe lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being
i35bThe bronze skySky is made of metal. The technique of its creation reminds the work of a smith
i40Rainbow bowRainbow is a bow
i44Chthonic serpentGiant serpent lies on the perimeter of the earth or supports the earth
i48Confined to the underworldCertain person loses his or her freedom, is confined to a far away place (often, to the underworld) and acquires cosmic dimensions: supports the earth or the sky and/or his or her movements produce earthquakes or (rare) storms
i51bThe earth is an animalThe earth or the sky are identified with a big quadruped mammal or are made of parts of its body
i72Stars are peopleStars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)
i73Stars are sparksStars (rare: suns and moons) are sparks or burning coals
i82aVenus is maleMorning and/or Evening Star is a male personage
i82bVenus is femaleMorning and/or Evening Star is a female personage
i82dMorning and Evening stars are a man and a womanMorning and Evening stars are opposed as a man and a woman or vice versa
i8e1Four supports of the worldThe sky or the earth rests upon four or five (cardinal points and the center) supports of any kind (poles, mountains, giants)
i8gAtlasOne giant supports the earth or the sky
i8hA man and a woman hold the earthTwo anthropomorphic beings, a male and a female, are in the underworld and support the earth
i8iOriginal earth unstableOriginally the earth was unstable and swung, then it was fixed up
k101Night dances of girlsEvery morning girl' or (rare) boy’s clothes are in disorder, the boy looks very tied. People spy on her (or on him) and discover that she or he spends nights in the non-human world
k101cIn the palace by day, on the sky by nightA girl agrees to marry a man only if she would be allowed to spend days with him but return for the night to her parents. The husband gets to know that at night she joins company of sky maidens (and usually ascends to the sky to dance). He follows her. After all she remains with her husband on earth
k102Woman associated with the hero conspires in favor of his enemyA woman who initially is friendly to the hero (his mother, sister, more rare his wife, sexual partner) begins to cooperate with his enemy. For this she provokes the hero to do something that is mortally dangerous for him
k102aFather was rightA person gives order to kill the young man’s sister (mother, wife). The young man saves her but later regrets about it
k119aThe ungrateful masterAn animal saves a man or helps him but the ungrateful man humiliates the animal, kills or tries to kill it
k136bRubies from a riverPerson finds precious stones or miraculous flowers (usually in a river) and gets to know whence they originate
k176A man in search of the womanA (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
k24Stolen clothes of supernatural womanWomen (rare: men) who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons; rare: a girl of higher social status than the hero) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a person hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him (rare: her)
k24cAn old man helps to obtain the bird-wifeA youth comes to an old man (rare: old woman) who instructs him how to obtain magic wife hiding her feather-clothing. For the first time, the youth usually gives her her clothes back, the girl disappears and he lives with the old man till the next opportunity
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k25a1Magic wife finds her clothesMagic wife abandons her mortal husband when she finds her clothes (often, her feathers if she is a bird-woman), makes herself the new clothes, receives them from her kin or her husband gives her her clothing believing that she will not abandon him. (Versions with magic wife abandoning her husband because she feels herself offended is not alternative to the “found clothes but in most of the texts these motifs are not combined)
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27n1Task-giver is a king or a chiefPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero and/or person who demands the fulfillment of certain conditions from those who want to marry his daughter is a prominent figure in social hierarchy. He is a head of the socio-political unit of community or super-community level and is neither a member of the hero’s household nor a mythical being
k27x3The man persecuted because of his beautiful brideA powerful person coverts a beautiful bride or wife of a man and gives him impossible tasks to get rid of him
k27x5Helpful persons of different ageSetting off for a search of a woman or magic objects, a man comes across several (usually three) supernatural (often demonic) persons who help him. All the persons are similar but usually every next one is older (younger) than another
k27z2dAn argument between female sparrow and her husbandA conflict breaks out among a pair of birds (sparrows, doves, etc.) in which the male bird is (to some extent) guilty. This episode forms the outset of a story in which noble persons participate
k38Hero helps the nestlingsFor helping its children, their powerful mother or father who is a giant bird or (rare) other flying being helps the hero
k38bThe nestlings and the aggressive snakeA serpent or water monster regularly devours or injures children of a bird or other flying creature (almost always nestlings of giant bird). The hero kills the serpent (monster)
k38cBird brings the hero to his destinationAfter the hero helps a powerful bird (usually does good to her nestlings), the grateful bird brings him to the place where he is eager to get or tells to do it one of her nestlings. (It is not the vertical movement between layers of the world. According to the Sumerian variant, the bird endows the hero with capability to move with extraordinary speed and directs him to his destination)
k66bHero presents the received princesses to his companionsTravelling from one place to another, hero lets his companions live there (usually presents to each one a princess that he received for his deeds) and continues his journey. When he gets into trouble, companions rescue him
k73Children of the youngest wifeA young woman promises to bear a wonderful children (wonderful son). In her husband's absence other people (co-wives, mother-in-law, etc.) try to kill the mother and/or the child, usually slandering the young woman
k73aBaby child substituted with object or animalHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with an animal or an object (inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to an animal or an object)
k73a1Baby child substituted with inanimate objectHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with inanimate object and/or inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to a stone, broom, doll, etc.
k73a3Baby child substituted with a dollHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with a doll or statue (inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to a doll)
k73a5Baby child substituted with a kittenHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with a kitten (inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to a kitten)
k8aJonah: swallowed by monsterPerson gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
k99bEloping with the wrong manAt night a girl’s lover has to carry her away but falls asleep or is late. She is carried away by another man who happened to be on the place
l107The ear-sleepersAnthropomorphic beings have huge ears (use them for blankets, umbrellas, etc.)
l15dThe external soulLife of a person or creature is preserved outside of his (her, its) body. Person or creature dies after the corresponding object is destroyed
l15eHero’s life in his swordHero's life is in certain object, usually in his weapon. When antagonist steals the object, the hero dies but revives after his friends or brothers find the object and bring it back
l42gHansel and GretelStep mother or more often father (persuaded by his wife) abandons children in a desolate place. Getting to the ogre or ogress, children (or at least one of them) survive and ultimately achieve success
l42g1Chops are heard, woodcutter is goneFather (step mother) abandons children in the forest. He (she) hangs a plank (gourd, shoe, etc.) on a tree that is striking trunk under the wind. Children believe that he is still nearby cutting woods
l93aHelpful foxCunning fox, jackal or coyote saves particular person or many people, helps them
l94Child promised to demonA demon helps a man or a woman or lets him or her free. As a reward, the person is forced to promise to give the demon his child
m104Make believe killing of kinsfolkPerson conceals his or her close relatives (children, mother, brothers) and tells another that he or she has killed them. Another believes and agrees to kill his or her own children, mother, etc.
m105aMake believe killing of childrenPerson conceals her children and tells another one that she has killed them. Another person really kills her own
m145The lion in a wellA weak (animal) person demonstrates a strong one his reflection in water. The latter believes that an animal like he contests his supremacy, invites him for a visit, etc., usually jumps in and drowns
m152aAnimal tied to another for safetyA stronger and a weaker predator animals (ogre and an animal) tie together for safety. When the stronger one runs away, he drags the weaker one along with him
m156The ungrateful one returned to captivityAn (animal) person saves a dangerous animal from a snare or the like. The saved one is going to kill his savior but the third person saves the second (usually tricks the first one to captivity again)
m157The impossible giving birthPerson claims that a man or a male animal had given birth (or is menstruating) or that a female gave birth to a young of another species or that a woman gave birth to an animal
m157a2Bull or cart gives birthPerson claims that a calf (colt, kid, etc.) was born (brought to the place) not by the cow (mare, etc.) of another person but by his own male animal (bull, stallion, etc.), his own animal of another species or by inanimate object (usually a cart)
m157a4To fish on a hillPerson demonstrates the absurdity of the claims of another person saying that he (or somebody else) was fishing on a hill, putting out a fire spilling straw, looking how the fish fly etc. or he is imitating such an activity. Either the place chosen for the activity or the means are irrational
m158Tops or butsTwo animals (an animal and a person, an ogre and a person, etc.) agree to divide a crop in such a way that one would take what is above the ground and another what is beneath ground. One of them (several times makes a wrong choice (takes turnip tops and wheat roots)
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m29b3The fox (jackal, coyote) is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the fox, jackal or coyote suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29gTrickster-hare or rabbitIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit
m29w2The tiger is a failure Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the tiger suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m57bSweat of the Sun and tears of the MoonBeads or metals are discharged by bodies of deities
m63Body parts enumeratedBefore finding a part of the body that is the best for some particular function, other parts are proven or enumerated
m91bThe sold ashesUsing trick, a man sells or exchanges for treasure ashes. Another person tries to sell ashes and is ridiculed
m91b1The sold skinA man goes to sell a skin of domestic animal and on his way, by trick or thanks to chance, gets a big sum of money. Usually coming back he explains that this was the price of the skin but when other people kill their animals they cannot sell skins for such a sum. (In India the hero sometimes pretends to sold cow meat to brahmins for whom it is forbidden)
m91c1Herd from the river bottomPerson gets other person’s possessions by trick (or pretends to get it; usually another person is drowned instead of him) and then demonstrates his possessions (usually a herd) and explains that he had received everything at the river bottom. His enemies believe him
m91c2Put into the bagPerson is put into a bag (a cage, tied up, etc.) to be drowned, burned, etc. He pretends to be in this situation by his own will or because he refuses to marry a princess, to become a chief and the like. Another person is willing to take his place and is killed


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Gondi (mostly Northern Gondi)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Sora (Savara, Saora), Parenga
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Maria, Muria, and other South-Central Dravidians: Binjhwar, Baсор, Bhattra, Bom, Jhoria (=Jhodia), Gadaba (in Koraput, neighbors of Munda-speaking Gadaba), Duruwa (Parji), Mehtar; Pardhan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Tribal groups and castes that speak Aryan languages: Dhoba (Dhobi), Halba (Halbi, Pentia), Bhunjia, Lohar (Luhar, Luhara), Kahar, Kamar (Paharia)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Miao (Hmong) and Yao of Southern China
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Bhuiya (now Aryans, originally Munda; Rahman 1955: 203), Baiga, Bhaina, Bhumia (subgroup of Baiga, incl Bharia, formerly Munda, now speak Indo-Aryan languages of neighboring groups)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Bondo, Didayi (Gata')
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Indian literary tradition (Vedic, Brahman, Purana, Indian Buddhism, Hinduism, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Panchtantra, Jatakas); iconography of Hindu temples
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Shasta; Chimariko
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Lisu, Achang, Taunyo

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition:
Hindi-speaking peoples and casts (incl. Teli, Parahiya; incl. Chhattisgarhi) of Northern and West-Central India
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Sinhalese; Vedda
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Azeris (Azerbaijanis)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Sindhi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Bengali, Maithili
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kashmiri
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Oriya (incl. Dom/Domba/Dombo, Ghasi, Bhat and other Oriya-speaking castes of Odisha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Anatolia Turks
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kazakh
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Punjabi, Seraiki (Multani)