Oraon (Kurukh)



Tradition title rus: 
Северные дравиды: ораоны (ураон, курук)
Areal ID: 
6.1.2.1
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
99.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
28.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a14Eclipses: relations between the Sun and the MoonComing together of the Sun and the Moon is the reason of their eclipses
a14aThe conflict between the Sun and the MoonThe Sun and the Moon are or were enemies, either permanently or in particular situations
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32hThe Moon plantA tree or bush is seen in the moon
a4Female sunThe Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female
b43PurushaParts of the body of the primeval person or creature are transformed into different elements of the landscape and parts of the universe
b82The white ravenRaven or other carrion-eating bird of dark color and a similar size was originally white
c2Deluge and conflagration combinedInhabitans of the Middle World are (partly) destroyed (or will be destoyed) once by fire or draught, another time by a flood or the world is destroyed with a flood of fire or boiling water
c6Valuables brought from the lower worldPersons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)
c6dThe aquisition of the earth from the lower worldThe dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)
c6jThe acquiring of the earth linked to the creation of manThe acquiring of the earth from the sea bottom or from the lower world, the creation of humans and attempt to spoil it are successive episodes of the same narrative
c8The couple of close relations originates the mankindIn the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister, mother and son, or father and daughters are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents
c8aaBrother and sister beget the peopleIn the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents
c8bSiblings change their looks and marryIn the beginning of time or after the world catastrophe brother and sister or mother and son are the only humans. They reject marriage or only the man does not want to marry his sister or mother. After their looks are changed (or only the sister or mother changes her face) they take each other for strangers, marry and beget the new race
e31aCreators and rescuers of a girlSeveral men take part in rescuing, creation or reanimation of a girl (rare: a bird) or several women take part in the reanimation of a dead man or they differetly express their grief. It is asked whose role was crucial (who behavior more noble) and/or who should be the spouse of the reanimated person. Or three men make something valuable and it is asked whose role in the corresponding enterprise was more important
e31a1Three men construct a woman which becomes alive: to whom does she belong?Three (rare two or four) men take part in creation of a girl: one cuts her body of wood, another puts clothes on her, the third one makes her alive. To whom does she belong?
e31a2That one is like her father, another is like her brother but this one is her husbandOnly one of several men can marry a girl. The girl herself or somebody else explains that somebody among suiters is like a father to her, somebody else is like her brother and only one of the men suits the role of the girl’s husband
f62Incognito at the feastAn (ostensibly) sick (ugly, weak, poorly clad) person remains at home when others go to the feast. The person comes by himself or herself looking like a handsome man or beautiful girl. The man (woman) does not recognize him (her) and feels against her (him) sexual interestю (All texts with motif k57, Chinderella, are also included into f62)
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f9fAsmodeusDemon (snake) regularly kills woman’s husbands during the first night, the woman herself being ignorant about the reason of their death
f9f1Snake inside womanPoisonous snake (snakes, scorpions) comes out of the mouth of a woman {Motif F9f1 and K100c are almost identical but F9f1 links to a cluster of etiological/cosmological motifs related to the idea of a dangerous woman while K100c is related to adventures}
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
h51The demonic horseA horse eats people or is associated with antagonist of the God
i11Cosmic turtle or toadA turtle, toad, or frog supports the earth (sky) or is its embodiment
i11aThe earth was put on the back of a turtle (frog)It is described how the earth was obtained and put on the back of a turtle or frog
i120CornucopiaFood and clothes are extracted from the horn of a cow or goat
i41Rainbow serpentRainbow is a reptile (usually a snake) or (more rare) a fish, or it is related to snake, to its tongue, breath, or to scorpion's tail
i72Stars are peopleStars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)
i72aStars are children of the Sun and the MoonStars are children of the Moon and/or the Sun
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j4Revenge for the death of the male relativesHeroes avenge the murder or captivity of the male relatives: (grand)father, uncles, or the elder relatives in general, the loss of the males being the most traumatic
k100cGirl’s bridegrooms are bitten by a snake. The hero or his companion eliminate the source of danger
k103Helpful cowCow (ox, bull) helps an orphan child or a young woman who got into trouble
k106Thrown to cowsTo get rid of a baby child or of the magic cock, they throw him into enclosure for animals, but cows or other animals do not trample the child or cock down
k120aThe averted incest (sister and brother)A man is going to marry his sister (often puts certain condition on his future marriage, only his sister complies with them). The girl gets to escape
k123Old woman’s curseA youth or (rare) girl offends an elder woman. Her words make him or her to be overcome by desire to undertake something dangerous (usually to get a particular marriage partner)
k123Old woman’s curseA youth or (rare) girl offends an elder woman. Her words make him or her to be overcome by desire to undertake something dangerous (usually to get a particular marriage partner)
k123aA broken vesselA youth breaks or overthrows a vessel of a woman or girl. This episode is a trigger for the narrative
k132Invincible chickenPerson of a small size (often a chicken) overcomes powerful adversary despite all attempts to destroy him thanks to objects and animals met on the way and preserved in his bag or inside his body
k136A lad and his cattleA lad becomes a master and a leader of great amount of cattle (cows or buffaloes) and meets a princess (usually after she finds his hair fallen into a river)
k136a1Youth’s hair picked up from a riverA woman finds the youth’s hair that was carried by water and decides to marry its owner
k14Precious advicesA man gives his last money for simple advices. Each of them saves his life or helps to achieve success or he does not follow the advices and gets into trouble
k144The predestined death because of an animalA certain animal or (rare) man is predicted to become a cause of death of a certain person. When this animal (man) is already dead himself or itself or is faraway, its (his) remains or image becomes the cause of the person’s death
k145aNot the animal but its picture killsIt is foretold that the person will die because of the animal. The person dies when the animal’s representation becomes alive or a statue representing the animal falls on him
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n1Task-giver is a king or a chiefPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero and/or person who demands the fulfillment of certain conditions from those who want to marry his daughter is a prominent figure in social hierarchy. He is a head of the socio-political unit of community or super-community level and is neither a member of the hero’s household nor a mythical being
k27qMilk of the wild beastHero is sent to bring milk of a wild animal or milk in possession of a dangerous creature or person
k27uHide-and-seekHero and his adversary play hide-and-seek. The hero finds his adversary but the adversary cannot find him
k29bPosthole murderHero is asked to climb into a hole or pit. When he does it, they fill it with soil or throw down a post, a stone, etc. The hero demonstrates his magic capacities coming back uninjured
k32hPunishment: buried aliveTo punish an antagonist, he or she is buried alive
k33c1Transformed into lotus Person is thrown into the water and becomes a flower (usually lotus)
k65Genii lociBeing thrown out, put into certain places, born by primeval couple some beings turn into spirits of particular loci
k65c2Man and tiger among several sonsA woman or female animal gives birth to several sons, a man and a tiger among them
k73Children of the youngest wifeA young woman promises to bear a wonderful children (wonderful son). In her husband's absence other people (co-wives, mother-in-law, etc.) try to kill the mother and/or the child, usually slandering the young woman
k73aBaby child substituted with object or animalHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with an animal or an object (inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to an animal or an object)
k73a1Baby child substituted with inanimate objectHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with inanimate object and/or inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to a stone, broom, doll, etc.
K73a2Baby substituted with a broomRivals of the beloved wife hide or throw away her baby and substitute it with an inanimate object or (rare) a small animal (but not with a pup) and tell the husband that the woman gave birth to a broom, stone, etc.
k73a6Children turn into treesEnemies of the woman kill (throw away) her wonderful children. Trees (flowers) grow from their remains. Eventually the children acquire their human form again.
k73a8The wonderful children: brother and sisterWoman gives birth to wonderful boy and girl. Being substituted with animals or objects and thrown away, they survive and triumph over their enemies
k73b5But the mother also could eat her baby upA woman is accused of doing something that she could not do by her very nature. To reject accusation, another example of something absurd and impossible is suggested or it is told that the person believes in impossible though rejects possibility of the possible
k76A strange sonA boy born into a family or found by his adoptive parents has a strange guise (ball of meat, nut, bag, half of a man, an animal). He possesses magic power, becomes a handsome man and usually marries a girl of high social status. The magic spouse of a princess originally has a non-human or monstrous appearance
k76gSon the crabAn (adoptive) son is a crab. He marries a princess, turns into handsome man
k80Repetitive reincarnationPerson (usually a young woman) turns into different objects or creatures which another person destroys one by one. However, the person is reincarnated again and again and ultimately acquires her or his original form
k80aA bird or an object tell about a murderAn object or a creature that emerged from remains, decorations, etc. of a killed person tells about his or her fate. Usually a reed grows from the person's grave and a pipe made from the reed tells the story
k80a2Pipe tells about a murderBody part of a murdered person or a plant that grew on the place of the crime tells people about the crime
k80a4Person’s hair turns into grassHair of the head of a person turns into grass (thorns, bamboo, shrub)
k80a6Speaking pipe made from a recently grown plantA pipe or other musical instrument is made from a plant that has grown on a place where certain person was killed (fell, touched ground). When the instrument plays, people hear a particular message
l37bSecrets accidentally overheardPerson accidentally overhears secrets of animals or demons and thus gets to know the causes of his and other people's misfortunes
l44bThe blind got his sight, the lame got his legsA blind man and a lame man live together and help each other. When they got mortally scared or became to fight with each other, their eyes and legs were cured
l53Stones into the mawA monstrous being is killed or neutralized by (burning hot) stones (pieces of metal, heavy fruits, etc.) thrown into its maw or anus or the being retreats when they menace to throw a stone into its maw
m106Meaningful namePerson lies that his name is so and so. Others understand it not as a name but as a common word and behave accordingly
m106b“Last year” in a demon’s houseAfter doing damage or inflicting injury, person lies that his name is Last Year or so. Others understand that the injury had been done long ago and there is no sense to investigate the case now
m106dMy name is "Son-in-law"Person deceives other people telling them that his name is “Son-in-law” or the like. His victims do not find sympathy because his behavior is acceptable if he is a member of the family
m108Trickster carries away people's propertyPerson suggests to do some work (usually to ferry people's property across river) but carries away the property that he was entrusted to control
m131Biting tree-rootA stronger (animal)-person gets to seize a leg or tail of a weaker one. To get free the weaker one pretends that his pursuer got hold of a tree root, and the pursuer lets his enemy free
m149Tell them that I am a stumpStrong antagonist is going to kill the hero (a person or a weak animal). Another person or animal pretends not to know about the situation and tells that the antagonist is in search to be killed. The hero is saved. Usually the latter asks the man not to give him out and answer that it is a stump, a log and the like near him. This opens possibility to treat the antagonist as a corresponding object (to cut it with an axe, to tie up, etc.)
m149aTreaty with the tigerA man, light-mindedly or against his own wish, makes an agreement with a dangerous predator. He does not want (cannot) keep it or breaks it and the predator is going to kill him but the man remains alive
m149bDogs insideA man tells that there are dangerous animals inside him (or in a box he has) that can come out. A predator who was going to eat the man up (or to bite him) believes him and runs away
m151Hello, house!Dangerous animal pretends to be an inanimate object, dead or absent. The potential victim sais aloud that the real dead (object, place) has to act in a particular way or to say particular words. The animal does accordingly betraying himself.
m156The ungrateful one returned to captivityAn (animal) person saves a dangerous animal from a snare or the like. The saved one is going to kill his savior but the third person saves the second (usually tricks the first one to captivity again)
m156aObjects that give the answersDangerous animal seeks to kill a person or other animal who rescued it from captivity. The dangerous animal and its victim agree to ask somebody else if a good deed should be repayed with a bad one. Inanimate objects are among those who answer to this question
m157The impossible giving birthPerson claims that a man or a male animal had given birth (or is menstruating) or that a female gave birth to a young of another species or that a woman gave birth to an animal
m157a2Bull or cart gives birthPerson claims that a calf (colt, kid, etc.) was born (brought to the place) not by the cow (mare, etc.) of another person but by his own male animal (bull, stallion, etc.), his own animal of another species or by inanimate object (usually a cart)
m157a4To fish on a hillPerson demonstrates the absurdity of the claims of another person saying that he (or somebody else) was fishing on a hill, putting out a fire spilling straw, looking how the fish fly etc. or he is imitating such an activity. Either the place chosen for the activity or the means are irrational
m167A tiger taken for a bullDuring the night a strong predator (a tiger, a lion, etc.) and a thief not knowing about each other get into stable to steal a domestic animal. The thief takes the predator for domestic animal or for a person and acts accordingly
m167aA tiger who is afraid of TwilightA strong predator (usually a tiger) overhears a person saying that he fears something worse than a tiger The word is unknown to the tiger (twilight, etc). Thinking it must be a terrible thing he hides and then runs away
m198bThe pretended astrologerA person who has not a bit of a skill to expose thieves and find the lost objects does it successfully thanks to a series of lucky coincidences
m198b4The pretended diviner: names of the thievesThe pretended diviner thinks that his exposure is inevitable and pronounces words that reflect his emotional condition. The thieves who stand nearby understand some of these words as their personal names, believe that the diviner knows all about their crime and ask him not to betray them
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m29w2The tiger is a failure Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the tiger suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m38Stupid imitation (all versions)Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food
m38aThe bungling hostBeing on a visit to other people or (more often) animals, an (animal)-person sees them act using magic or according to their animal nature. Back at home, he imitates their actions and gets in trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and mostly refer to providing and cooking food
m38a1Imitating wife’s kinfolkPerson imitates actions of his son- or brothers-in-law or (among Comox and Halcomelem) of his wives
m39hHusband pretends to become blind (The faithless wife)A married woman is eager to get rid of her husband and usually asks a spirit (God, saint, etc.) to make him blind. The husband hides in a tree, behind the alter, etc. and usually tells her that good food will make her husnad blind, or the husband himself tells his wife that the good food is dangerous for him. He pretends to become blind, kills the love (and his wife)
m40The distorted instructionsPerson is sent to receive something of relatively low value. He asks to give him quite different object (to provide a service) and asks one who had sent him to confirm the demand. Usually a person or animal comes to a wife or a son of a powerful one and tells her or him that her (his) husband or father tells to give him food, to make love to him, to marry him, etc.
m45aOld man and animalsA man falls asleep or pretends to be sleeping or dead. Animals take him for dead: mourn, carry to bury, are going to eat up, etc. The man kills a lot of animals or obtain valuables otherwise
m57cGold producing animalAn animal (ass, cow, horse, goat, bear, leopard) extracts gold or food from its body or person makes others believe that it is so
m57c1Gold-producing bearA man enters into a fight with a bear or (among the Malayali) leopard and makes another person believe that this animal defecates gold


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition: Santali, Turi, Mahli
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Ukrainians: Western dialects to the East of Carpathians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Ukrainians: Eastern dialects
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Russian Pomors (“seasiders): Arkhangelsk province without its southern part (Shengur district and Konosha dstrict), Karelia White Sea coast
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Byelarusians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Maria, Muria, and other South-Central Dravidians: Binjhwar, Baсор, Bhattra, Bom, Jhoria (=Jhodia), Gadaba (in Koraput, neighbors of Munda-speaking Gadaba), Duruwa (Parji), Mehtar; Pardhan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Danes
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Hungarians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Gondi (mostly Northern Gondi)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Central Tibetans (Yu Tsang, incl. Sikkim Tibetans, Tichurong of NW Nepal)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Maria, Muria, and other South-Central Dravidians: Binjhwar, Baсор, Bhattra, Bom, Jhoria (=Jhodia), Gadaba (in Koraput, neighbors of Munda-speaking Gadaba), Duruwa (Parji), Mehtar; Pardhan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Marathi (incl. Bhamta; incl. Mumbai area)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Kannada, Lingayat, Halakki
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Khmer
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Malayali; Kannikaran
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Nepali; Tharu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Persians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Assamese
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Sinhalese; Vedda
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Santali, Turi, Mahli