Zoque; Izapa iconography (I millennium BC)



Tradition title rus: 
Соке Чьяпаса; каменная скульптура и рельефы Исапы (I тыс до нэ)
Areal ID: 
14.1.4.8
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
60.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
37.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a5


Name_eng: 
The Sun and the Moon are males
Description: 

The Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual




Motif

a11b


Name_eng: 
One-eyed luminaries
Description: 

The Sun or the Moon is one-eyed (usually another eye was knocked or sucked out but sometimes this defect is not explained




Motif

a24


Name_eng: 
The first sunrise
Description: 

In the beginning it is dark. When the Sun first appears on the sky, primeval beings or part of them perish or turn into animals, spirits, stones




Motif

a24a


Name_eng: 
The first day or night: transformed into spirits
Description: 

At the moment when the first day or the first night come, (some) people turn into supernatural beings




Motif

b30b


Name_eng: 
Murdered person turns into game animals
Description: 

Different game animals emerge from remains of a murdered person




Motif

b39


Name_eng: 
Narrow waist of an insect
Description: 

Insect-person knows the source of food (cultivated plants) and water but does not share his knowledge. To make him speak, ancestors tie a rope around his waist and pull it till the waist becomes narrow (origin of narrow place between breast and belly of insects)




Motif

b41


Name_eng: 
The talking dog
Description: 

Because the dog was spreading some information, altercated with its masters, was talking in a wrong time, etc. it lost the ability to speak




Motif

b56


Name_eng: 
Fire tongue of the crocodile
Description: 

After the crocodile or caiman swallows or loses fire (that he possessed before), he remains without his tongue; or the crocodile's tongue is cut off to make something related to celestial fire (thunderbolt, sun beams, etc.




Motif

b77


Name_eng: 
Primeval sky close to earth
Description: 

Originally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up




Motif

c2


Name_eng: 
Deluge and conflagration combined
Description: 

Inhabitans of the Middle World are (partly) destroyed (or will be destoyed) once by fire or draught, another time by a flood or the world is destroyed with a flood of fire or boiling water




Motif

c5a


Name_eng: 
Bird-scouts
Description: 

Birds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living




Motif

d4a


Name_eng: 
Theft of fire
Description: 

Fire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before




Motif

f9


Name_eng: 
A dangerous woman
Description: 

For different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man




Motif

f9a


Name_eng: 
Vagina dentata
Description: 

There are teeth, blades or sharp stones in woman’s genitals, vagina is the biting mouth. (Only texts that are believed to correspond to reality are considered but not anecdotes and jokes)




Motif

f9c


Name_eng: 
Snake in vagina
Description: 

Snake (Pacific snake-eel in Polynesia) is in vagina; around the woman's thighs; vagina is a mouth of a snake; a woman with toothed vagina is associated with a snake; a snake crawls out of woman's mouth to bite off the man’s penis during the copulation




Motif

f36


Name_eng: 
Sons kill paramour
Description: 

The (adoptive) children or grandchildren and not person's spouse or brother kill the paramour of their (step)mother or father




Motif

f51b


Name_eng: 
Following the thread
Description: 

To get know the nature or locality of a person, another fastens a thread to his body and follows it




Motif

g3


Name_eng: 
A rock of crops
Description: 

Cultivated plants or fertile soil to plant them are hidden inside a rock. Birds or Thunders get them destroying the rock




Motif

g4


Name_eng: 
A food mountain
Description: 

Cultivated plants are found above or inside a mountain




Motif

g6


Name_eng: 
Primeval tree
Description: 

One of the trees is the principal, original one (emerged before all the other; ancestor of wild or cultivated plants; ocean or rivers inside it; world axis; higher than all the others; overshadows sky)




Motif

g15


Name_eng: 
Plant maidens
Description: 

In the other world or in the time of the ancestors food products or materials used by people looked as persons




Motif

g17


Name_eng: 
Gift of a reptile
Description: 

Serpent (snake-eel in Oceania) or alligator is the original possessor or the source of cultivated plants or wild staples




Motif

h24


Name_eng: 
Container opened too early
Description: 

Container with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear




Motif

h26


Name_eng: 
Mosquitoes had to be drowned
Description: 

The right way to dispose of container with stinging insects would be to throw it into the river or sea or bury in a far away place, but it was not done




Motif

h27


Name_eng: 
Mosquitoes let lose
Description: 

Stinging insects (rare diseases) had been inside a container or some enclosure. They escaped to the world when the container or enclosure was foolishly opened




Motif

h28


Name_eng: 
Plagues from the body of a person or creature
Description: 

Killed and destroyed (often burned) person or creature (usually ogre, fierce animal, powerful shaman) turns into a multitude of biting insects or into other small molesting creatures




Motif

h32a


Name_eng: 
Superfertility lost: a maltreated wife
Description: 

Supernatural woman comes to live with humans. Thanks to that, food becomes easily available. She is maltreated, goes away, temporal superfertility is lost forever




Motif

i3


Name_eng: 
Weapon of Thunder
Description: 

The lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being




Motif

i4a


Name_eng: 
Thunder in trouble: falls to earth
Description: 

Thunder falls to earth, cannot return to the sky. Usually a human person helps him to do it




Motif

i4b


Name_eng: 
Thunder in trouble: fights with his enemy
Description: 

A man helps Thunder who fights with his enemy




Motif

i14


Name_eng: 
No-anus people
Description: 

Person or creature has no anus opening




Motif

i17


Name_eng: 
Body anomalies of inhabitants of a distant land
Description: 

Beings without mouth, anus, genitals, whose women do not know how to give birth live in the underworld, in the sky, or in a far-away land




Motif

i78


Name_eng: 
The square earth
Description: 

The earth is square, the sky is usually round




Motif

i80


Name_eng: 
Thunder’s apprentice
Description: 

Person who got into the place of a deity responsible for atmospheric phenomena breaks certain taboo or instructions producing excessive thunderstorm, rain, snowfall or wind




Motif

j26


Name_eng: 
Babies come out of the water
Description: 

Baby heroes, embryos or objects from which they emerge are found in a river or lake or come to people out of the water




Motif

j50b


Name_eng: 
Father more dead than alive
Description: 

An attempt to revive the killed father (and uncle) is only partly successful because the revived person is unable to be among the living (to be a warrior). The hero decides to abandon him (in the other world) or to let him die forever




Motif

k2


Name_eng: 
The destroyed ladder
Description: 

Hero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)




Motif

k3


Name_eng: 
Tree or rock grows taller
Description: 

Hero climbs up a tree or rock to get eggs, nestlings, fruits, honey, etc. Another person makes the tree (rock) grow higher or thicker and the hero is unable to descend back




Motif

k41


Name_eng: 
Thunder against a serpent
Description: 

Thunder or giant bird fights against a reptile, big water animal or other big and strong creature who lives in water or under the earth




Motif

l11


Name_eng: 
Turtle-bench
Description: 

In a non-human world objects of everyday life have appearance of animals and monsters, mainly fish, amphibians and reptiles




Motif

l18


Name_eng: 
Multi-headed bird
Description: 

A bird with two or more heads on top of one body is described in tales or represented in art




Motif

l27


Name_eng: 
Girl eaten up
Description: 

Two girls or young women meet a demon. One or both are not aware of danger. One is eaten up, another escapes




Motif

l28


Name_eng: 
The snake-eater
Description: 

Person who have eaten a prohibited meat or fish turns into monstrous snake or fish




Motif

l55


Name_eng: 
Monster killed with hot liquid
Description: 

To kill a dangerous animal or monster, acrid or hot liquid (boiling water, resin, soup, etc.) is poured into one of his body orifices




Motif

l58


Name_eng: 
Avaricious man
Description: 

A man does not share food with his wife or kinsfolk. He or his food is transformed (turns into a bird, into worms, etc.) in punishment




Motif

l70


Name_eng: 
Fruit falls and kills
Description: 

Person or animal is killed or injured with a heavy object dropped from a tree (or rock, etc.). The person or the animal knows that the objects will fall but has falls ideas about its character and weight




Motif

l78


Name_eng: 
Toad-jaguar
Description: 

Mixed traits of toad and jaguar in iconography; a toad or frog transforms into a jaguar; a toad or frog is a jaguar's mother or wife




Motif

m5


Name_eng: 
Provoked insult
Description: 

Being in a situation when his life depends on a good will of a demon or animal, person either resists or does not resist the temptation to insult or to beat, bite, etc. the latter




Motif

m21


Name_eng: 
A protector hides fugitives
Description: 

Person pursued by an enemy asks somebody whom he meets to help him. The helper hides him




Motif

m21a


Name_eng: 
Under false cause of illness
Description: 

Person is pursued by an enemy. A bird or animal hides him or her in its mouth (under a wing) and pretends not to be able to open the mouth (to raise a wing) – because of a tooth ache, some injury and the like




Motif

m29k1 Not used in statistics


Name_eng: 
The turtle (toad, frog) is a tricky failure
Description: 

A turtle (tortoise, toad, frog) behaves foolishly creating serious problems for himself




Motif

m30


Name_eng: 
Trickster falls down
Description: 

Person or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return




Motif

m47


Name_eng: 
Head put to bottoms
Description: 

Punishing a person or animal or restoring his or its body after its disin­teg­ration, a powerful being intentionally or by chance puts head to bottoms




Motif

m56a


Name_eng: 
Alligator’s secret
Description: 

A man or an animal beats alligator but it remains unharmed and says that he would be killed if stricken in one special place on his body. The next time the same person strikes alligator this way and kills it




Motif

l74


Name_eng: 
The returned hand
Description: 

A bear or other dangerous being tears off and carries away a hand of a person and holds it at his sleeping place. Another person steals the hand, gives it back to the owner




Motif

l74


Name_eng: 
The returned hand
Description: 

A bear or other dangerous being tears off and carries away a hand of a person and holds it at his sleeping place. Another person steals the hand, gives it back to the owner




Motif

m29w


Name_eng: 
Jaguar (ocelote, puma) is a failure
Description: 

Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the jaguar (ocelote, puma) suffers a reverse, is injured or dies




Motif

i8e


Name_eng: 
Four men at the cardinal points
Description: 

Four (or eight) anthropomorphic male persons support the earth or the sky or are placed at the four cardinal points




Motif

i8e1


Name_eng: 
Four supports of the world
Description: 

The sky or the earth rests upon four or five (cardinal points and the center) supports of any kind (poles, mountains, giants)




Motif

a14a


Name_eng: 
The conflict between the Sun and the Moon
Description: 

The Sun and the Moon are or were enemies, either permanently or in particular situations





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