Nahuan groups of Puebla and Huasteca after AD1900



Tradition title rus: 
Современные науаязычные группы Пуэблы и области Уастека
Areal ID: 
14.1.2.3
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
81.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
63.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a3


Name_eng: 
Male sun and female moon
Description: 

The Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male




Motif

a5


Name_eng: 
The Sun and the Moon are males
Description: 

The Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual




Motif

a11b


Name_eng: 
One-eyed luminaries
Description: 

The Sun or the Moon is one-eyed (usually another eye was knocked or sucked out but sometimes this defect is not explained




Motif

a12


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: monster’s attack
Description: 

Some creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light




Motif

a12d


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: birds
Description: 

A bird or birds attack or shade the Sun or the Moon during an eclipse or at the sunrise and sunset




Motif

a20


Name_eng: 
Childhood and youth of the Sun and Moon
Description: 

The Sun and the Moon (rare: the Sun and a star, the Moon and a star) are two siblings who live on earth and then ascend to the sky being still young persons




Motif

a22


Name_eng: 
To the sky from a bonfire
Description: 

After getting into the fire or boiling water, one or two persons ascend to the sky and turn into the Sun and/or Moon




Motif

a22a


Name_eng: 
The hot Sun and its cold companion
Description: 

After two persons burn up, one turns into the present Sun and another into a less important sky object




Motif

a22b


Name_eng: 
Hot fire and cold ashes
Description: 

Person who becomes the Sun burned up in a hot fire while his companion burned up in the less hot fire or threw himself into the ashes. He (she) turns into the Moon or a star which gives no warmth




Motif

a22c


Name_eng: 
Person sacrificed to the Sun
Description: 

To make the Sun rise above the horizon, to send him to the right distance from the earth, to make him move across the sky, etc. a person has to be sacrificed




Motif

a23


Name_eng: 
Elections of the Sun to be
Description: 

The primeval ancestors come together to choose the best candidate to become the Sun and/or to send the Sun to the sky or to see how the Sun rises to the sky for the first time




Motif

a24


Name_eng: 
The first sunrise
Description: 

In the beginning it is dark. When the Sun first appears on the sky, primeval beings or part of them perish or turn into animals, spirits, stones




Motif

a32


Name_eng: 
Figure on lunar disc
Description: 

A figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)




Motif

a32a


Name_eng: 
The Moon rabbit
Description: 

Rabbit or hare are seen in the moon




Motif

b2a


Name_eng: 
The female earth
Description: 

The earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman




Motif

b2b


Name_eng: 
The earth eats the dead
Description: 

The earth devours bodies of the people when they die and are buried




Motif

b2e


Name_eng: 
The male earth
Description: 

The earth or the world as a whole is a male person (alone or together with a female person)




Motif

b23


Name_eng: 
Prohibited fire and smoke
Description: 

God prohibits making fire for cooking and punishes breakers of this taboo




Motif

b39


Name_eng: 
Narrow waist of an insect
Description: 

Insect-person knows the source of food (cultivated plants) and water but does not share his knowledge. To make him speak, ancestors tie a rope around his waist and pull it till the waist becomes narrow (origin of narrow place between breast and belly of insects)




Motif

b41


Name_eng: 
The talking dog
Description: 

Because the dog was spreading some information, altercated with its masters, was talking in a wrong time, etc. it lost the ability to speak




Motif

b62


Name_eng: 
Buzzard husband
Description: 

Man thinks that buzzard or hawk has better life than he. They exchange clothes. The bird lives with the man's wife as her husband, the man usually does not enjoy his bird life




Motif

c5a


Name_eng: 
Bird-scouts
Description: 

Birds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living




Motif

c13


Name_eng: 
The objects’ revolt
Description: 

During or before the world cataclysm (deluge, darkness) or (Suruí) in particular place at night, household objects and/or stones, trees, domestic animals turn into wild beasts and monsters




Motif

c14


Name_eng: 
Monsters destroy people
Description: 

During or before the world catastrophe (deluge, darkness) wild beasts and monsters attack and destroy people




Motif

c18


Name_eng: 
Luring out the hidden Sun
Description: 

Person who incarnates or owns the sun hides himself or herself or is hidden. To return or to get heath and light, his or her interest is attracted or diverted by way of singing, dancing, playing music, provocative behavior, offering of unusual gifts, sex or alcohol




Motif

c19


Name_eng: 
Acquisition of the sun
Description: 

The Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)




Motif

d4a


Name_eng: 
Theft of fire
Description: 

Fire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before




Motif

d4d


Name_eng: 
Opossum steals fire
Description: 

Opossum steals fire for people




Motif

d5


Name_eng: 
Woman as the owner of the fire
Description: 

Female person is the owner or inventor (but not the personification) of the fire




Motif

f86


Name_eng: 
Conditional signal
Description: 

Person summons with a certain signal a non-human being (usually his or her sexual partner or his or her protégé). Another person spies, uses the same signal or pronounces the same words and kills the being who comes to him (or uses this being sexually himself)




Motif

g3


Name_eng: 
A rock of crops
Description: 

Cultivated plants or fertile soil to plant them are hidden inside a rock. Birds or Thunders get them destroying the rock




Motif

g4


Name_eng: 
A food mountain
Description: 

Cultivated plants are found above or inside a mountain




Motif

g9


Name_eng: 
Restored forest
Description: 

People fell trees to make a garden. In the morning, the forest is intact again




Motif

g9b


Name_eng: 
Abandon your work, flood is coming
Description: 

A man fells trees to clear ground for a garden or breaks ground. Certain person or animal revives vegetation, makes the soil virgin again. He or she explains that the flood is coming, there is no sense to work and advices to prepare a floating device




Motif

g16


Name_eng: 
Ants find cultivated plants
Description: 

Ants are the first who find cultivated plants (corn or manioc) which are concealed from the others in particular place




Motif

g23


Name_eng: 
Alive being turns into many objects
Description: 

Person or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)




Motif

g23a


Name_eng: 
Alive being turns into plants
Description: 

Person or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different plants, mostly edible or cultivated




Motif

h12


Name_eng: 
The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s death
Description: 

The alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks




Motif

h24


Name_eng: 
Container opened too early
Description: 

Container with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear




Motif

h26


Name_eng: 
Mosquitoes had to be drowned
Description: 

The right way to dispose of container with stinging insects would be to throw it into the river or sea or bury in a far away place, but it was not done




Motif

h27


Name_eng: 
Mosquitoes let lose
Description: 

Stinging insects (rare diseases) had been inside a container or some enclosure. They escaped to the world when the container or enclosure was foolishly opened




Motif

h28


Name_eng: 
Plagues from the body of a person or creature
Description: 

Killed and destroyed (often burned) person or creature (usually ogre, fierce animal, powerful shaman) turns into a multitude of biting insects or into other small molesting creatures




Motif

h47


Name_eng: 
Offended sky or earth
Description: 

The sky (or the earth) is offended by people’s behavior in respect to it and reacts accordingly (e.g. rises higher than it was before)




Motif

i7


Name_eng: 
The cloud serpent
Description: 

A flying reptile produces rain, thunderstorm




Motif

i8g


Name_eng: 
Atlas
Description: 

One giant supports the earth or the sky




Motif

i14


Name_eng: 
No-anus people
Description: 

Person or creature has no anus opening




Motif

i16


Name_eng: 
Body anomalies of the first people
Description: 

First human beings have no mouth, anus or genitals, their women do not know how to give birth




Motif

i19


Name_eng: 
People inhale the odor of food
Description: 

Anthropomorphic beings satisfy their hunger cooking food and inhaling the odor




Motif

i20


Name_eng: 
The undeground dwarfs
Description: 

Race of dwarfs lives under the ground (deep under the earth or in hills and rocks) or at the horizon where the earth and the sky meet




Motif

i27


Name_eng: 
Chthonic canine
Description: 

A dog is the lord, guard or guide of/to the land of the dead; or dogs live on the way to the land of the dead




Motif

i27b


Name_eng: 
Dog as a ferryman
Description: 

A dog ferries person across a river that forms a border between the worlds




Motif

i28


Name_eng: 
Animals in the underworld
Description: 

Game animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master




Motif

i32


Name_eng: 
Tree of the babies
Description: 

There is (or was) a tree on which souls of still unborn babies grow, which leaves transform into people, or which trunk is covered with female breasts or flowers that innumerable babies are sucking




Motif

i47


Name_eng: 
Rainbow is filth
Description: 

Rainbow is a flatulence of a demon, a spray of a skunk, is associated with spit, urine, feces, genitals, etc., causes skin diseases, is associated with death




Motif

i80


Name_eng: 
Thunder’s apprentice
Description: 

Person who got into the place of a deity responsible for atmospheric phenomena breaks certain taboo or instructions producing excessive thunderstorm, rain, snowfall or wind




Motif

j25


Name_eng: 
Babies escape and return
Description: 

Heroes (usually one or two), being still babies or embryos, escape or are thrown away, often into the water. To bring them back into the human world, they are lured (persuaded) to come out or caught with difficulty




Motif

j26


Name_eng: 
Babies come out of the water
Description: 

Baby heroes, embryos or objects from which they emerge are found in a river or lake or come to people out of the water




Motif

j33


Name_eng: 
The dummy
Description: 

A youth or two siblings live in a house of an old man or woman. To produce a reaction from this older person, they kill a person or animal and stuff its skin with insects, worms, ashes, grass or blow it up




Motif

j33a


Name_eng: 
Old woman beats the dummy
Description: 

A youth or two siblings live in a house of an old woman. they kill her a person or animal who is her husband and make a dummy of him. The old woman is angry that her husband does not answer her, beats him and understands that it is a dummy




Motif

k28


Name_eng: 
Father or uncle is rival and enemy
Description: 

Maternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him




Motif

l11


Name_eng: 
Turtle-bench
Description: 

In a non-human world objects of everyday life have appearance of animals and monsters, mainly fish, amphibians and reptiles




Motif

l13


Name_eng: 
The reared up monster
Description: 

A small creature is reared up by people. When it is grown up, it becomes harmful and dangerous




Motif

l14


Name_eng: 
Reared up serpent
Description: 

A small creature (often a worm or a reptile) is brought home and reared up or it becomes to live by itself in an artificial body of water. When big, it goes out of human control or becomes something huge and/or dangerous. Cf. motif L13A (The reared up monster attacks people)




Motif

l32


Name_eng: 
Gluttonous stone
Description: 

Stone swallows, bites or transforms people




Motif

l55


Name_eng: 
Monster killed with hot liquid
Description: 

To kill a dangerous animal or monster, acrid or hot liquid (boiling water, resin, soup, etc.) is poured into one of his body orifices




Motif

l58


Name_eng: 
Avaricious man
Description: 

A man does not share food with his wife or kinsfolk. He or his food is transformed (turns into a bird, into worms, etc.) in punishment




Motif

l70


Name_eng: 
Fruit falls and kills
Description: 

Person or animal is killed or injured with a heavy object dropped from a tree (or rock, etc.). The person or the animal knows that the objects will fall but has falls ideas about its character and weight




Motif

m8


Name_eng: 
Breaking the obstacle
Description: 

Non-human persons work hard to destroy a strong and durable obstacle that blocks access to some place or object




Motif

m21


Name_eng: 
A protector hides fugitives
Description: 

Person pursued by an enemy asks somebody whom he meets to help him. The helper hides him




Motif

m44b


Name_eng: 
Thieves of food: the women
Description: 

Person discovers that somebody steals game or fish from his trap or devastates his garden. He or his guards catch the thieves who prove to be (the first) women or the thief is the water being whom the hero lets go after receiving a woman for ransom




Motif

m57b


Name_eng: 
Sweat of the Sun and tears of the Moon
Description: 

Beads or metals are discharged by bodies of deities




Motif

d4o


Name_eng: 
Fire stealer pretends to be wet and cold
Description: 

To steal fire from its owner, person pretends to be wet or cold and is granted permission to sit near the fireplace. In a proper moment the stealer carries the fire away and brings it to people




Motif

i85c


Name_eng: 
Containers with weather
Description: 

A person rises to the sky and finds there containers with different (two or more) types of precipitations, atmospheric phenomena, seasons and/or celestial bodies




Motif

c34


Name_eng: 
The deluge because of a wounded creature
Description: 

Killing (injuring, offending) of some cruature (usually related to water) triggers deluge




Motif

j21


Name_eng: 
Birth from eggs
Description: 

Gods, first people or founders of the royal lineages are born from eggs




Motif

k10


Name_eng: 
Fight with the monstrous bird
Description: 

Monstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it




Motif

h12c


Name_eng: 
Orpheus: to return the dead wife
Description: 

Husband follows his dead wife to the other world but is unable to bring her back or succeeds to do it but loses her once again




Motif

i85c1


Name_eng: 
The rain stored in the sky
Description: 

In the sky there is a special container (vessel, skin, box, etc.) for storing the rain




Motif

f34b


Name_eng: 
The paramour is not a human being
Description: 

A girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior




Motif

f34


Name_eng: 
Land animal paramour
Description: 

Certain woman or a group of women takes for a paramour a big land animal. Husbands, brothers or (adoptive) children kill or maim paramour and (sometimes) the woman




Motif

c9


Name_eng: 
Warning about the coming flood
Description: 

God, animal, some person warns one of the people about the catastrophy (usuallly the flood) that will become soon and in which most of the people must perish





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Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Aztec; Aztec and Teotihuacan iconography
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
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Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
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Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
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Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tzeltal
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Huastec (Teenek)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
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Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
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Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
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Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition:
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Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
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Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
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Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
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Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Shuar, Achuar (Shiwiar)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
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Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
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Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Warao
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Quiche, Achí, Cakchiquel, Pocomchi, Pocomam
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Zapotec, Chatino