Nahuan groups of Puebla and Huasteca after AD1900



Tradition title rus: 
Современные науаязычные группы Пуэблы и области Уастека
Areal ID: 
14.1.2.3
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
82.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
63.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a11bOne-eyed luminariesThe Sun or the Moon is one-eyed (usually another eye was knocked or sucked out but sometimes this defect is not explained
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a12dEclipses: birdsA bird or birds attack or shade the Sun or the Moon during an eclipse or at the sunrise and sunset
a20Childhood and youth of the Sun and MoonThe Sun and the Moon (rare: the Sun and a star, the Moon and a star) are two siblings who live on earth and then ascend to the sky being still young persons
a22To the sky from a bonfireAfter getting into the fire or boiling water, one or two persons ascend to the sky and turn into the Sun and/or Moon
a22aThe hot Sun and its cold companionAfter two persons burn up, one turns into the present Sun and another into a less important sky object
a22bHot fire and cold ashesPerson who becomes the Sun burned up in a hot fire while his companion burned up in the less hot fire or threw himself into the ashes. He (she) turns into the Moon or a star which gives no warmth
a22cPerson sacrificed to the SunTo make the Sun rise above the horizon, to send him to the right distance from the earth, to make him move across the sky, etc. a person has to be sacrificed
a23Elections of the Sun to beThe primeval ancestors come together to choose the best candidate to become the Sun and/or to send the Sun to the sky or to see how the Sun rises to the sky for the first time
a24The first sunriseIn the beginning it is dark. When the Sun first appears on the sky, primeval beings or part of them perish or turn into animals, spirits, stones
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32aThe Moon rabbitRabbit or hare are seen in the moon
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b23Prohibited fire and smokeGod prohibits making fire for cooking and punishes breakers of this taboo
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b2bThe earth eats the deadThe earth devours bodies of the people when they die and are buried
b2eThe male earthThe earth or the world as a whole is a male person (alone or together with a female person)
b39Narrow waist of an insectInsect-person knows the source of food (cultivated plants) and water but does not share his knowledge. To make him speak, ancestors tie a rope around his waist and pull it till the waist becomes narrow (origin of narrow place between breast and belly of insects)
b41The talking dogBecause the dog was spreading some information, altercated with its masters, was talking in a wrong time, etc. it lost the ability to speak
b62Buzzard husbandMan thinks that buzzard or hawk has better life than he. They exchange clothes. The bird lives with the man's wife as her husband, the man usually does not enjoy his bird life
c13The objects’ revoltDuring or before the world cataclysm (deluge, darkness) or (Suruí) in particular place at night, household objects and/or stones, trees, domestic animals turn into wild beasts and monsters
c14Monsters destroy peopleDuring or before the world catastrophe (deluge, darkness) wild beasts and monsters attack and destroy people
c18Luring out the hidden SunPerson who incarnates or owns the sun hides himself or herself or is hidden. To return or to get heath and light, his or her interest is attracted or diverted by way of singing, dancing, playing music, provocative behavior, offering of unusual gifts, sex or alcohol
c19Acquisition of the sunThe Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)
c34The deluge because of a wounded creatureKilling (injuring, offending) of some cruature (usually related to water) triggers deluge
c5aBird-scoutsBirds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living
c9Warning about the coming floodGod, animal, some person warns one of the people about the catastrophy (usuallly the flood) that will become soon and in which most of the people must perish
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
d4dOpossum steals fireOpossum steals fire for people
d4oFire stealer pretends to be wet and coldTo steal fire from its owner, person pretends to be wet or cold and is granted permission to sit near the fireplace. In a proper moment the stealer carries the fire away and brings it to people
d5Woman as the owner of the fireFemale person is the owner or inventor (but not the personification) of the fire
f34Land animal paramourCertain woman or a group of women takes for a paramour a big land animal. Husbands, brothers or (adoptive) children kill or maim paramour and (sometimes) the woman
f34bThe paramour is not a human beingA girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior
f86Conditional signalPerson summons with a certain signal a non-human being (usually his or her sexual partner or his or her protégé). Another person spies, uses the same signal or pronounces the same words and kills the being who comes to him (or uses this being sexually himself)
g16Ants find cultivated plantsAnts are the first who find cultivated plants (corn or manioc) which are concealed from the others in particular place
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
g23aAlive being turns into plantsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different plants, mostly edible or cultivated
g3A rock of cropsCultivated plants or fertile soil to plant them are hidden inside a rock. Birds or Thunders get them destroying the rock
g4A food mountainCultivated plants are found above or inside a mountain
g9Restored forestPeople fell trees to make a garden. In the morning, the forest is intact again
g9bAbandon your work, flood is comingA man fells trees to clear ground for a garden or breaks ground. Certain person or animal revives vegetation, makes the soil virgin again. He or she explains that the flood is coming, there is no sense to work and advices to prepare a floating device
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h12cOrpheus: to return the dead wifeHusband follows his dead wife to the other world but is unable to bring her back or succeeds to do it but loses her once again
h24Container opened too earlyContainer with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear
h26Mosquitoes had to be drownedThe right way to dispose of container with stinging insects would be to throw it into the river or sea or bury in a far away place, but it was not done
h27Mosquitoes let loseStinging insects (rare diseases) had been inside a container or some enclosure. They escaped to the world when the container or enclosure was foolishly opened
h28Plagues from the body of a person or creatureKilled and destroyed (often burned) person or creature (usually ogre, fierce animal, powerful shaman) turns into a multitude of biting insects or into other small molesting creatures
h47Offended sky or earthThe sky (or the earth) is offended by people’s behavior in respect to it and reacts accordingly (e.g. rises higher than it was before)
i14No-anus peoplePerson or creature has no anus opening
i16Body anomalies of the first peopleFirst human beings have no mouth, anus or genitals, their women do not know how to give birth
i19People inhale the odor of foodAnthropomorphic beings satisfy their hunger cooking food and inhaling the odor
i20The undeground dwarfsRace of dwarfs lives under the ground (deep under the earth or in hills and rocks) or at the horizon where the earth and the sky meet
i27Chthonic canineA dog is the lord, guard or guide of/to the land of the dead; or dogs live on the way to the land of the dead
i27bDog as a ferrymanA dog ferries person across a river that forms a border between the worlds
i28Animals in the underworldGame animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master
i32Tree of the babiesThere is (or was) a tree on which souls of still unborn babies grow, which leaves transform into people, or which trunk is covered with female breasts or flowers that innumerable babies are sucking
i47Rainbow is filthRainbow is a flatulence of a demon, a spray of a skunk, is associated with spit, urine, feces, genitals, etc., causes skin diseases, is associated with death
i7The cloud serpentA flying reptile produces rain, thunderstorm
i80Thunder’s apprenticePerson who got into the place of a deity responsible for atmospheric phenomena breaks certain taboo or instructions producing excessive thunderstorm, rain, snowfall or wind
i85cContainers with weatherA person rises to the sky and finds there containers with different (two or more) types of precipitations, atmospheric phenomena, seasons and/or celestial bodies
i85c1The rain stored in the skyIn the sky there is a special container (vessel, skin, box, etc.) for storing the rain
i8gAtlasOne giant supports the earth or the sky
j21Birth from eggsGods, first people or founders of the royal lineages are born from eggs
j25Babies escape and returnHeroes (usually one or two), being still babies or embryos, escape or are thrown away, often into the water. To bring them back into the human world, they are lured (persuaded) to come out or caught with difficulty
j26Babies come out of the waterBaby heroes, embryos or objects from which they emerge are found in a river or lake or come to people out of the water
j33The dummyA youth or two siblings live in a house of an old man or woman. To produce a reaction from this older person, they kill a person or animal and stuff its skin with insects, worms, ashes, grass or blow it up
j33aOld woman beats the dummyA youth or two siblings live in a house of an old woman. they kill her a person or animal who is her husband and make a dummy of him. The old woman is angry that her husband does not answer her, beats him and understands that it is a dummy
k10Fight with the monstrous birdMonstrous bird (giant bat) predates on humans. Heroes fight with it
k28Father or uncle is rival and enemyMaternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him
l11Turtle-benchIn a non-human world objects of everyday life have appearance of animals and monsters, mainly fish, amphibians and reptiles
l13The reared up monsterA small creature is reared up by people. When it is grown up, it becomes harmful and dangerous
l14Reared up serpentA small creature (often a worm or a reptile) is brought home and reared up or it becomes to live by itself in an artificial body of water. When big, it goes out of human control or becomes something huge and/or dangerous. Cf. motif L13A (The reared up monster attacks people)
l32Gluttonous stoneStone swallows, bites or transforms people
l55Monster killed with hot liquidTo kill a dangerous animal or monster, acrid or hot liquid (boiling water, resin, soup, etc.) is poured into one of his body orifices
l58Avaricious manA man does not share food with his wife or kinsfolk. He or his food is transformed (turns into a bird, into worms, etc.) in punishment
l70Fruit falls and killsPerson or animal is killed or injured with a heavy object dropped from a tree (or rock, etc.). The person or the animal knows that the objects will fall but has falls ideas about its character and weight
m151aHolding up the rock(Animal) person pretends to hold up a rock, tree etc. and explains that otherwise it will fall
m21A protector hides fugitivesThe protagonist pursued by an enemy comes across a person, an animal or an object to help him and receives help
m44bThieves of food: the womenPerson discovers that somebody steals game or fish from his trap or devastates his garden. He or his guards catch the thieves who prove to be (the first) women or the thief is the water being whom the hero lets go after receiving a woman for ransom
m57bSweat of the Sun and tears of the MoonBeads or metals are discharged by bodies of deities
m8Breaking the obstacleNon-human persons work hard to destroy a strong and durable obstacle that blocks access to some place or object


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition: Tepehua, Totonac
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Aztec; Aztec and Teotihuacan iconography
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Sayula Popoluca (=Veracruz Mixe), Sierra Popoluca, Veracruz Zoque
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tequistlatec
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Chinantec, Mazatec
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tzeltal
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Huastec (Teenek)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kekchi; Mopan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Cora
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Pame, Jonaz (Chichimeca-Jonaz), Mazahua, Otomi

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition:
Napo (Quijo), Kanelo (“Jungle Kechua”)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Chinantec, Mazatec
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Zapotec, Chatino
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tzotzil
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Mixtec, Trique, Cuicatec; Amuzgo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Sayula Popoluca (=Veracruz Mixe), Sierra Popoluca, Veracruz Zoque
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Colorado (Tsachila)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tojolabal, Chuj, Jacalteca, Kanjobal, Mocho (incl Tuzantec), Acatec
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Zoque; Izapa iconography (I millennium BC)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kekchi; Mopan