Tzeltal



Tradition title rus: 
Цельталь
Areal ID: 
14.1.5.2
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
62.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
45.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a1The old sunAnother sun, usually less benevolent and/or powerful, existed before the present one
a11aEyes of the Sun and the Moon: coolness and nightVisible sun and/or moon are the Sun's and/or the Moon's eyes. If these eyes were not injured, light and heat would be more intense
a14Eclipses: relations between the Sun and the MoonComing together of the Sun and the Moon is the reason of their eclipses
a14aThe conflict between the Sun and the MoonThe Sun and the Moon are or were enemies, either permanently or in particular situations
a24The first sunriseIn the beginning it is dark. When the Sun first appears on the sky, primeval beings or part of them perish or turn into animals, spirits, stones
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32aThe Moon rabbitRabbit or hare are seen in the moon
a8bThe Sun in the land of the deadWhen the Sun descends below the horizon, it shines to the anthropomorphic denizens of the netherworld (the dead, dwarfs, etc.)
a9The moon defends peopleFemale moon does not permit her husband or son to destroy people
b22Offended person destroys the treePeople who have climbed up a tree do not share food with a person who remained below. He or she revenges on them destroying the tree. The events have cosmic dimensions
b23Prohibited fire and smokeGod prohibits making fire for cooking and punishes breakers of this taboo
b25Pigs fall from a treePersons climb a tree or liana and fall turning into wild pigs and other game animals
b30bMurdered person turns into game animalsDifferent game animals emerge from remains of a murdered person
b39Narrow waist of an insectInsect-person knows the source of food (cultivated plants) and water but does not share his knowledge. To make him speak, ancestors tie a rope around his waist and pull it till the waist becomes narrow (origin of narrow place between breast and belly of insects)
b41The talking dogBecause the dog was spreading some information, altercated with its masters, was talking in a wrong time, etc. it lost the ability to speak
b41aAnimal reveals master’s secretsThe dog or other domestic animal speaks aloud about those details of its masters' life that they would prefer to conceal. He is punished by depriving his ability to speak
b62Buzzard husbandMan thinks that buzzard or hawk has better life than he. They exchange clothes. The bird lives with the man's wife as her husband, the man usually does not enjoy his bird life
c19Acquisition of the sunThe Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)
c2Deluge and conflagration combinedInhabitans of the Middle World are (partly) destroyed (or will be destoyed) once by fire or draught, another time by a flood or the world is destroyed with a flood of fire or boiling water
c5aBird-scoutsBirds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living
c8The couple of close relations originates the mankindIn the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister, mother and son, or father and daughters are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents
c8aaBrother and sister beget the peopleIn the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents
c9Warning about the coming floodGod, animal, some person warns one of the people about the catastrophy (usuallly the flood) that will become soon and in which most of the people must perish
f35Feeding with the paramour’s meatPerson feeds another with the meat of his or her sexual partner who cooks or eats it without knowing whose meat it is
f35aFeeding with the kin’s meatPerson does not know that he or she eats or cooks the meat of the member of his or her household (blood relation, more rare a spouse or servant) or serves it to his or her friends, or uses her or his bones for everyday needs, or slowly kills him ort her
g16Ants find cultivated plantsAnts are the first who find cultivated plants (corn or manioc) which are concealed from the others in particular place
g3A rock of cropsCultivated plants or fertile soil to plant them are hidden inside a rock. Birds or Thunders get them destroying the rock
g4A food mountainCultivated plants are found above or inside a mountain
g9Restored forestPeople fell trees to make a garden. In the morning, the forest is intact again
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h12cOrpheus: to return the dead wifeHusband follows his dead wife to the other world but is unable to bring her back or succeeds to do it but loses her once again
h18Hoarded game releasedGame animals were concentrated in one single place. Certain person lets them disperse in the world
i20The undeground dwarfsRace of dwarfs lives under the ground (deep under the earth or in hills and rocks) or at the horizon where the earth and the sky meet
i20cDwarfs live in the underworldDwarfs live in the underworld that somewhat reminds the world of humans. If the dwarfs and the humans meet, it is deep under the earther
i20c2Dwarfs live at the horizon The denizens of the country at the horizon (where the sky and the earth meet) are dwarfs
i37fFungi are earsFungi or mushrooms are named “ears”
i45cNot to count starsPerson who counts stars will suffer diseases and misfortunes
i48Confined to the underworldCertain person loses his or her freedom, is confined to a far away place (often, to the underworld) and acquires cosmic dimensions: supports the earth or the sky and/or his or her movements produce earthquakes or (rare) storms
i4bThunder in trouble: fights with his enemyA man helps Thunder who fights with his enemy
i59b4Milky Way is snow or rimeMilky Way is associated with a snow, hoarfrost, cold
i78The square earthThe earth is square, the sky is usually round
i80Thunder’s apprenticePerson who got into the place of a deity responsible for atmospheric phenomena breaks certain taboo or instructions producing excessive thunderstorm, rain, snowfall or wind
i80aThe youngest ThunderMan meets Thunders and becomes one of them
k41Thunder against a serpent Thunder or giant bird fights against a reptile, big water animal or other big and strong creature who lives in water or under the earth
k8aJonah: swallowed by monsterPerson gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
l17bTwo facesPerson or creature has another face (another mouth) on the back of his (her, its) head
l21Cannibal’s attention divertedA cannibal under a tree plans to eat up a man who has climbed the tree. The man throws down and afar his pray or some object and escapes while the cannibal rushes to this object or is eating the pray
l40Reflection and shadowPerson discovers (rare:still fails to discover) another getting to see his or her shadow or reflection in water
l5cRolling head is a dangerous monsterRolling head is a dangerous mobster (pursues celestial bodies, people etc.)
l7Chasing an animal by mistakeInstead of chasing a person, a bush spirit, a monster or a dangerous animal follows by mistake an object or animal that moves nearby
l70Fruit falls and killsPerson or animal is killed or injured with a heavy object dropped from a tree (or rock, etc.). The person or the animal knows that the objects will fall but has falls ideas about its character and weight
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m115The eaten up wolfUsing a trick, (animal)-person kills a dangerous animal. Kinsmen and friends of the killed animal get to know about it and come to avenge its death. The person has narrow escape
m151aHolding up the rock(Animal) person pretends to hold up a rock, tree etc. and explains that otherwise it will fall
m29gTrickster-hare or rabbitIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit
m29k1 Not used in statisticsThe turtle (toad, frog) is a tricky failureA turtle (tortoise, toad, frog) behaves foolishly creating serious problems for himself
m29wJaguar (ocelote, puma) is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the jaguar (ocelote, puma) suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m30Trickster falls downPerson or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return
m47Head put to bottomsPunishing a person or animal or restoring his or its body after its disin­teg­ration, a powerful being intentionally or by chance puts head to bottoms
m56aAlligator’s secretA man or an animal beats alligator but it remains unharmed and says that he would be killed if stricken in one special place on his body. The next time the same person strikes alligator this way and kills it
m8aBirds peck a rock to release prisonersBirds and sometimes also animals work hard to break from the outside or from the inside a rock, a tree truck, bonds, etc. to release some beings or themselves from confinement in a small enclosure or trap


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Nahuan groups of Puebla and Huasteca after AD1900
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Aztec; Aztec and Teotihuacan iconography
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Barasana, Taibano, Macuna

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Tzotzil
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Chol; pre-Columbian Mayan iconography
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Chinantec, Mazatec
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tepehua, Totonac
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Quiche, Achí, Cakchiquel, Pocomchi, Pocomam
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Napo (Quijo), Kanelo (“Jungle Kechua”)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tojolabal, Chuj, Jacalteca, Kanjobal, Mocho (incl Tuzantec), Acatec
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Xipaya (Shipaya)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Pemon: Arekuna (incl. Kamarakoto), Taulipang (Taurepan)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kekchi; Mopan