Yucatec, Itza; pre-Columbian Mayan iconography of Yucatan



Tradition title rus: 
Юкатек, ица; доиспанская иконография майя Юкатана
Areal ID: 
14.1.6.1
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
73.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
57.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a1The old sunAnother sun, usually less benevolent and/or powerful, existed before the present one
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a12aEclipses: a predator animalDuring an eclipse or at other circumstances the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a predator animal (a bear, a feline, a canine, a racoon)
a13bAnts shade the SunDuring an eclipse or during the first night ants shade or shaded the Sun
a14Eclipses: relations between the Sun and the MoonComing together of the Sun and the Moon is the reason of their eclipses
a14aThe conflict between the Sun and the MoonThe Sun and the Moon are or were enemies, either permanently or in particular situations
a20Childhood and youth of the Sun and MoonThe Sun and the Moon (rare: the Sun and a star, the Moon and a star) are two siblings who live on earth and then ascend to the sky being still young persons
a2aThe sun is a source of distructive heatThe world was or will be (almost) burned when several suns had (will) appear(ed) simultaneously; or the only sun was too hot (or bright)
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32aThe Moon rabbitRabbit or hare are seen in the moon
a47The Sun is born from an eggThe Sun is born or created from an egg
b125Animals exchange their organsDuring the time of creation particular species of animals (rare: plants) exchanged certain organs or traits or one animal borrowed an organ from another one but never brought it back. Thence the characteristics of these animals now. In rare cases the back exchange and restoring of the initial situation or the passing of certain organ from one animal to another without compensation are described
b2eThe male earthThe earth or the world as a whole is a male person (alone or together with a female person)
b62Buzzard husbandMan thinks that buzzard or hawk has better life than he. They exchange clothes. The bird lives with the man's wife as her husband, the man usually does not enjoy his bird life
b80Measuring of the worldThe process of world creation includes the measuring of its size
c1The collapse of the skyCatastropic displacement of layers of the univers in the past or in the future is mentioned. Among variants (sometimes combined): the sky fell on the earth; the earth (the underworld) and the sky interchanged their positions; the earth turned upside down; the layers of the universe collapsed in one after another; they will change their place during the future cataclysm
c13The objects’ revoltDuring or before the world cataclysm (deluge, darkness) or (Suruí) in particular place at night, household objects and/or stones, trees, domestic animals turn into wild beasts and monsters
c14Monsters destroy peopleDuring or before the world catastrophe (deluge, darkness) wild beasts and monsters attack and destroy people
c5aBird-scoutsBirds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living
d1bMale spirit of fireThe fire is personified as an elder man (alone or with his wife, mistress of fire)
e32People born from treesFirst people are born by trees or come out of a tree, flower, reed
e5bFirst couple from the underworldFirst man (a group of brothers) or first human couple come out from the underworld (a cave) or from a small enclosure on its surface (tussock, reed, tree, rock, gourd)
e9The mysterious housekeeperPerson observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one
f44Women and men separateThe women and the men of the primeval community quarrel and abandon each other
f74Naked person shams deadWhen a person sees a dangerous enemy, he or she shams dead taking his or her clothes off, or the enemy takes off them himself. The enemy believes that it is a corpse, lets it alone
g15Plant maidensIn the other world or in the time of the ancestors food products or materials used by people looked as persons
g3A rock of cropsCultivated plants or fertile soil to plant them are hidden inside a rock. Birds or Thunders get them destroying the rock
g4A food mountainCultivated plants are found above or inside a mountain
g5Food treeFruits and shoots of different cultivated plants grow on the branches of one tree (on one vine) or certain plant has a tree form that is alien to it in nature
g6Primeval treeOne of the trees is the principal, original one (emerged before all the other; ancestor of wild or cultivated plants; ocean or rivers inside it; world axis; higher than all the others; overshadows sky)
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h12cOrpheus: to return the dead wifeHusband follows his dead wife to the other world but is unable to bring her back or succeeds to do it but loses her once again
h34gOne grain porridgeOne cereal grain (cob, etc.) is enough to prepare a meal
h34hFirewoods come by themselvesFirewood, brushwood arrived to the house themselves, no work was needed to cut and carry them
i11Cosmic turtle or toadA turtle, toad, or frog supports the earth (sky) or is its embodiment
i111The earth is a reptileThe earth is the body of a crocodile or a dragon
i12The world axisA tree or post pierces and unites different layers of the universe
i28Animals in the underworldGame animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master
i3Weapon of ThunderThe lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being
i33Tree of the deadThe ultimate aim of the afterlife journey is to reach certain tree
i37fFungi are earsFungi or mushrooms are named “ears”
i43aThe celestial monsterGiant reptilian monster (serpent, more rare fish, chain of fish) extends in the sky and/or supports the sky being associated with Milky Way or the rainbow
i43bMilky Way is a serpent or fishMilky Way is a reptile, fish, or chain of fish
i47Rainbow is filthRainbow is a flatulence of a demon, a spray of a skunk, is associated with spit, urine, feces, genitals, etc., causes skin diseases, is associated with death
i65Milky Way of the deadMilky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession
i69Star dungShining sky objects or atmospheric phenomena are excrements of sky dwellers
i75World agesBefore present world, several (two or more) other worlds or races of people existed
i78The square earthThe earth is square, the sky is usually round
i7aThe lightning- serpentThe lightning is associated with a snake
i80Thunder’s apprenticePerson who got into the place of a deity responsible for atmospheric phenomena breaks certain taboo or instructions producing excessive thunderstorm, rain, snowfall or wind
i82aVenus is maleMorning and/or Evening Star is a male personage
i8eFour men at the cardinal pointsFour (or eight) anthropomorphic male persons support the earth or the sky or are placed at the four cardinal points
i8e1Four supports of the worldThe sky or the earth rests upon four or five (cardinal points and the center) supports of any kind (poles, mountains, giants)
i9Colors of the cardinal directionsFour cardinal directions and/or some objects associated with them are associated with different colors
i9aZenith and nadirThe zenith and/or nadir are described together with four cardinal directions as the fifth (and the sixth) ones
j21Birth from eggsGods, first people or founders of the royal lineages are born from eggs
k14aThrown into the oven himselfAn antagonist orders to kill the first one who will come in the morning to a certain place. The hero becomes late by chance, the antagonist or his wife or son come and are thrown into the fire
k16To get access to a girl in guise of a bird or an animalDisguised as a bird, small animal or insect, a man penetrates into the place of a girl (into her father’s house)
k17The ornitomorphic suitorAn ornitomorphic hero impregnates a girl magically or imperceptibly for her
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k3Tree or rock grows tallerHero climbs up a tree or rock to get eggs, nestlings, fruits, honey, etc. Another person makes the tree (rock) grow higher or thicker and the hero is unable to descend back
k41Thunder against a serpent Thunder or giant bird fights against a reptile, big water animal or other big and strong creature who lives in water or under the earth
l11Turtle-benchIn a non-human world objects of everyday life have appearance of animals and monsters, mainly fish, amphibians and reptiles
l118Caught in a split log(Animal) person provokes another to put a part of his body into a split log (between two planks, etc.) and removes the wedge
l13The reared up monsterA small creature is reared up by people. When it is grown up, it becomes harmful and dangerous
l19aBeings with even number of headsBeings (any besides birds) with even but not more than ten number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. Beings that with even number of heads named in a row with other multi-headed beings and the highest number is even or bigger than ten are not considered
l28The snake-eaterPerson who have eaten a prohibited meat or fish turns into monstrous snake or fish
l30Eating of snake meat triggers thirstPerson who breaks some sort of taboo (usually has eaten a prohibited food) is thirsty and drinks enormous quantity of water
l68Two companions in the nightPerson turns into monster at night when he remains alone with his companion in the wilderness
m29wJaguar (ocelote, puma) is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the jaguar (ocelote, puma) suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m56aAlligator’s secretA man or an animal beats alligator but it remains unharmed and says that he would be killed if stricken in one special place on his body. The next time the same person strikes alligator this way and kills it
m57bSweat of the Sun and tears of the MoonBeads or metals are discharged by bodies of deities


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