Five Nations Iroquois (Seneca, Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga)



Tradition title rus: 
Северные ирокезы ("пять племен": сенека, мохавки, онондага, онейда, каюга)
Areal ID: 
12.5.2.2
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
216.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
117.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a17The Sun’s relax at the middayAfter passing half of the its way across the sky (in the day time) or in the underworld (in the night time), the Sun stops to have a rest
a2eThe Sun and the Moon are cut off headsThe Sun and/or the Moon are cut off heads of anthropomorphic beings
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32cA man and a dog in the MoonA human being and a dog together are seen in the moon
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a4Female sunThe Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female
a6The Sun and the Moon are femalesBoth the Sun and the Moon are considered to be females (incl. cases when the gender is not directly specified but both emerge from parts of the body of a female person)
b1Two male creatorsTwo male anthropomorphic creators compete in producing things. One of them is or becomes master of the underworld and/or spirits while another is associated with humans
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b36cFat animalsAnimals get meat and fat extracted from some original creature or created otherwise. Some get a lot, some remain lean
b37Creatures are made appear as they are nowPerson decorates different birds (rare: fish), share fat between anomals. Since then, the corresponding species acquire present characteristics
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b3eEarth falls on watersIn the beginning there are only air and water. 1) Person descends from the sky, creates the dry land or a hard support created for her or him grows into the earth. 2) The earth is sent or dropped from the sky, put on the surface of the water. 3) The earth is brought from somewhere (not from the underworld) and put on the water
b42Cosmic huntCertain stars or constellations are interpreted as hunters, their dogs and game that the hunters pursue
b42aBlood or fat drops to earthHunters pursue a bear across the sky, kill it in August – October. Its blood or fat drops to earth as a dew or painting leaves of the trees in red
b42cSky hunters pursue a bearIn the cosmic hunt tale the game pursued by the hunters is a bear
b42gUrsa major is a game animal(s)Ursus major (seven stars or only four stars of a dipper) is identified with the game animal or anmials (usually pursued by the hunter)
b42lAnimal is the dipper, hunters are the handleStars of the handle of the Big Dipper are identified with the hunters, the dipper itself with the game (bear or elk) or a neat-barn ravaged by bear
b42mSecond hunter’s cooking potThree stars of the Dipper’s handle of Ursa Mayor are three men (hunters, thieves) who are eager to get an animal (an elk or a bear) or an object (a cot). Alkor (a weak star near Mizar) is a receptacle in possession of the second man
b42m2The boaster and the hurried oneStars of the handle of the Big Dipper are three hunters who pursue an animal and demonstrate particular psychological characteristics (one is a boaster, another is a hurried one, etc.). In Siberia the hunters belong to different ethnic groups and in the North American Northeast they are different species of birds
b42pUrsa major is a bearUrsa major is identified with a bear
b42uBig Dipper’s handle are three personsThree stars of Big Dipper’s handle are three persons. Four stars of the Dipper itself are objects of animals (one or several)
b43PurushaParts of the body of the primeval person or creature are transformed into different elements of the landscape and parts of the universe
b44aCouncil on seasons: units of timeAnimals (Melanesia: persons) discuss the number of discrete units of time that should be in a certain calendar period or in the night
b44bCouncil on seasons: toes, claws, hairs, feathersToes, claws, feathers, hairs, color stripes, etc. are counted and compared to establish the number of period of time or particular way of alternation of periods
b44cShould warmth and light exist?It is discussed if darkness or light, cold or warm periods should exist
b44eDispute of ancestorsThe primeval ancestors (usually birds and animals) participate in discussion concerning the desired predominance or wamth/light or cold/darkness, number of the units of time in a tempoi cycle, etc.
b44f1Bear stands for nightIn a dispute about should it be cold (dark) or warm (light), the bear stands for the cold; or the world is dark because the bear hides the sun in his house
b48Predators become herbivorous Weak or herbivorous animals were dangerous predators but have been transformed
b57Blood reddens worldWhen some person or animal is killed, blood paints the sky (origin of the sunrise or sunset, of reddish colors of Aurora borealis) or other natural objects (Moon, autumn vegetation)
b59A group of dancers ascends to the skyA group of people (usually children, brothers or sisters) play, dance, ascend to the sky and turn into Pleiades or other compact constellation
b5cPrimeval mother and daughterThere are two women in the beginning of time, an old and a young one. One or both conceive in a supernatural way. A son or twins are born, they establish natural order and social rules
b60Offended children abandon parentsChildren conflict with their parents who do not pay them enough attention, condemn their sexual behavior, do not give them enough food, clothes, etc.; the children abandon their parents and become birds, bats, atmospheric phenomena, or stars (usually the Pleiades)
b69Chipmunk's back scratched: hence his stripesTo thank or to punish a small mammal like chipmunk or (ground) squirrel, animal or person scratches or paints it producing stripes on its back
b69aCouncil on seasons, chipmunk participatesChipmunk or an animal of similar size (weasel, pika) is engaged into argument with another animal person (bear, elk, puma, snake) if it should be warm and light or cold and dark
b82The white ravenRaven or other carrion-eating bird of dark color and a similar size was originally white
b87AlcorAlcor (a weak star near the second star of the handle of the Big Dipper) is selected as a particular sky object
b87aAlcor is a dogA weak star near the second star of the handle of the Big Dipper (the Tibetans: Small Dipper) is interpreted as a dog
c14Monsters destroy peopleDuring or before the world catastrophe (deluge, darkness) wild beasts and monsters attack and destroy people
c19Acquisition of the sunThe Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)
c25aCooking soup in the MoonThe destiny of creation depends on a person (usually an old woman) who is cooking soup somewhere outside of our world (in the sky, in the Moon, etc.)
c25bA spinner in the MoonIn the sky, on the Moon (rare: on the Sun), i.e. somewhere outside of our world certain person is spinning, weaving, plaiting, or embroidering
c26Guardian at the border of the non-human worldMonsters or ghosts try to invade our world. Powerful person or creature is on guard and prevents the invasion
c6Valuables brought from the lower worldPersons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)
c6bThe diver is muskrat (otter, beaver)A muskrat (more rare beaver or otter) brings the desired object from under the water
c6dThe aquisition of the earth from the lower worldThe dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)
d4eCoyote or fox obtain fireCoyote or fox bring people the fire, the daylight or the Sun
d4jRabbit obtains fireFire owner, stealer, or stealer's companion is a rabbit, a hare or (among the Ofaie) a guinea pig
d5Woman as the owner of the fireFemale person is the owner or inventor (but not the personification) of the fire
d5aFire in woman’s genitalsFirst fire was hidden in genitals or anus of a woman
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
e5dPredator devours emerging peoplePeople live underground or in a small enclosure. When they come out they are attacked by monster or dangerous animal. Monster is killed or transformed
e9The mysterious housekeeperPerson observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one
e9cUngulate animal-wifeA man marries a woman who initially has guise of an ungulate animal (buffalo, elk, derr, etc.)
f16Men and women: exchange of anatomical characteristicsInitially men possessed women's biological traits and vice versa (beard, menses, breasts, bearing children)
f25Origin of menses: girl smeared with bloodWoman is smeared with blood or red paint. Since then women menstruate
f2aThe wrong way to be bornChild is born not in a normal way but intentionally cutting his mother’s body. It is a sign of his malicious and/or supernatural nature
f30Snake paramourA woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man
f34Land animal paramourCertain woman or a group of women takes for a paramour a big land animal. Husbands, brothers or (adoptive) children kill or maim paramour and (sometimes) the woman
f34bThe paramour is not a human beingA girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior
f35Feeding with the paramour’s meatPerson feeds another with the meat of his or her sexual partner who cooks or eats it without knowing whose meat it is
f38Women and sacred knowledgeWomen were possessors of the sacred knowledge, sanctuaries or ritual objects which are now taboo for them or they made attempts to acquire such a knowledge or objects
f45a1Accidental conception from windA woman is impregnated by wind in defiance of her wish
f58Trickster and womenA man cohabits with a group of women (or with several women in succession) concealing his identity and/or intentions. He is either eventually exposed and punished by women or escapes to continue his tricks
f70Potiphar's wife: false accusation of sexual abuseWoman makes vain overtures to young man and/or falsely accuses him of sexual abuse. Her husband believes that the young man is guilty, kills or tries to kill him
f70aDisordered clothes as evidence against innocent manTo accuse a man or boy of (sexual) abbuse, a woman tears her clothes, smears or scratches her body pretending to be attacked
f70bRevenge of a rejected womanA woman revenges on a man who rejected her love but necessary not pretends to be an object of sexual harassment from his part
f86Conditional signalPerson summons with a certain signal a non-human being (usually his or her sexual partner or his or her protégé). Another person spies, uses the same signal or pronounces the same words and kills the being who comes to him (or uses this being sexually himself)
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f9cSnake in vaginaSnake (Pacific snake-eel in Polynesia) is in vagina; around the woman's thighs; vagina is a mouth of a snake; a woman with toothed vagina is associated with a snake; a snake crawls out of woman's mouth to bite off the man’s penis during the copulation
f9e1Dangerous animal in vaginaWoman is dangerous because biting or stinging animal or animals is (are) inside her genitals (and not only the head of such an animal)
g1A kidnapped childValuables (earth, soil, sun, crops, fire, sacred knowledge, hunting luck) are got or returned when son or daughter is stolen from his or her parent
g13cBad food of the pre-agricultural epochBefore the cultivated plants or edible wild plants become known, people ate (decomposed) wood, bark, mud, stones, fungi
g20Woman turns into plantsFood crops emerge from remains of a woman or girl
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
g23aAlive being turns into plantsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different plants, mostly edible or cultivated
g24Food from the skyFirst seeds (sprouts, tubors) of cultivated plants or of important edible wild plants are brought from the sky (received from the sky-dwellers)
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h13Dead person is returned and revivesPerson comes to the land of the dead and brings back somebody who has recently died or brings his remains. The dead one becomes alive and lives normal life (for some time)
h14Woman flies back to the land of the deadA dead woman returns to earth but flies back as a bird or a fly
h18Hoarded game releasedGame animals were concentrated in one single place. Certain person lets them disperse in the world
h24Container opened too earlyContainer with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear
h28Plagues from the body of a person or creatureKilled and destroyed (often burned) person or creature (usually ogre, fierce animal, powerful shaman) turns into a multitude of biting insects or into other small molesting creatures
h32aSuperfertility lost: a maltreated wifeSupernatural woman comes to live with humans. Thanks to that, food becomes easily available. She is maltreated, goes away, temporal superfertility is lost forever
h34aControversy over conditions of lifePerson has a series of suggestions how to make the world easy for living and free of hard work and death. His companion successively rejects them. Their dialogue forever defines conditions of human life
h34bRivers flow in both directionsRivers were flowing or according to the original plan had to flow in both directions; somewhere there is a river that flows in both directions
h37Magic device lost by a failure Magic object, device that makes hunting or fishing easy gets into possession of a person who is unable to operate it or abuses it. The device kills or injures the failure himself, other people and/or disappears
h54The eyelids of ViyEyelids (eyelashes, eyebrows) of personage hang long down over his eyes. To make the eyes widely opened, the eyelids (eyelashes, eyebrows) should be propped up with poles, folks, sticks, etc. (rare: cut off)
i100The Pleiades are girlsThe Pleiades are a group of girls or women (with children)
i100bThe Pleiades are a group of peopleThe Pleiades are any people (of any ages and sex, combined data of i99-i100a)
i104Stars are fragmentsStars are fragments of a bigger luminary (usually the Moon); or stars, the sun and the moon are formed from one and the same primeval person or creature
i11Cosmic turtle or toadA turtle, toad, or frog supports the earth (sky) or is its embodiment
i11aThe earth was put on the back of a turtle (frog)It is described how the earth was obtained and put on the back of a turtle or frog
i12The world axisA tree or post pierces and unites different layers of the universe
i13aThe horned serpentGiant water-chthonic or sky serpent or dragon has horns or antlers on its head
i19People inhale the odor of foodAnthropomorphic beings satisfy their hunger cooking food and inhaling the odor
i22Objects in permanent movementThere are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)
i22aRising and falling skyThe sky is constantly moving up and down in respect to earth
i22gClapping rocksThere are mountains or rocks which permanently collide and separate again from each other or a crack (jaws) in a vertical cliff which is opening and closing
i25The bribed guardsWay to the place of a certain person is guided by dangerous creatures (which often stand on the both sides of the pathway). Person placates them by gifts or nice talk, and they let him or her go the both ways, sometimes being punished for this by their master
i27Chthonic canineA dog is the lord, guard or guide of/to the land of the dead; or dogs live on the way to the land of the dead
i27aTowns and paths of dogsSouls of the dead dogs have their own towns in the Beyond or their own paths to travel there
i27cThe four-eyed dogDogs having spots over the eyes are called the four-eyed and believed to have special properties (e.g. to see ghosts)
i28Animals in the underworldGame animals live inside a mountain, in a cave or in the underworld where they often look like humans and have a master
i48aFalling down into the underworldAt the terminal part of the narrative the antagonist of the hero descends into the underworld
i4bThunder in trouble: fights with his enemyA man helps Thunder who fights with his enemy
i4cStorm-god as a prisonerThunder-god is temporarily overcome and imprisoned by his enemy
i65Milky Way of the deadMilky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession
i80aThe youngest ThunderMan meets Thunders and becomes one of them
i82aVenus is maleMorning and/or Evening Star is a male personage
i82bVenus is femaleMorning and/or Evening Star is a female personage
i99The Pleiades are boys or menThe Pleiades are a group of boys or men, or a group of different people but predominantly males
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j12Travelling girl walks across suitorsA girl (or two sisters) travel, usually in search of a proper marriage partner who lives far away or who has gone away. On her way or after reaching the place of destination the girl gets to some unpleasant suitors
j12dImposter kills his rivalAfter a girl marries a valuable suitor, a rejected imposter or his relations kill him
j12jImposter is a buffoon In village where valuable marriage-partner lives an imposter plays the role of a buffoon
j13Two sistersTwo sisters (if more, only two play a significant role in the plot) travel and meet an unpleasant suitor or get to an ogre
j14A flute-playerA girl or two sisters walk in search of the man whose beautiful voice or whose flute-play they listen
j15Woman gets to dangerous creaturesWalking in search of her husband, boyfriend, kinsmen, shelter woman or girl gets to the house of dangerous creatures where she is injured or killed
j18Woman falls from the skyA woman who is pregnant or has a small child falls from the sky. She or a daughter born by her dies but her (grand)son is grown up
j19Wicked guest murders womanWhen husband o brother leaves home to hunt, an evil spirit comes to his wife or sister. The spirit kills her or carries her away. Her baby boys extracted from her womb or born at this time survive
j25Babies escape and returnHeroes (usually one or two), being still babies or embryos, escape or are thrown away, often into the water. To bring them back into the human world, they are lured (persuaded) to come out or caught with difficulty
j26Babies come out of the waterBaby heroes, embryos or objects from which they emerge are found in a river or lake or come to people out of the water
j27Lodge-boy and Thrown-awayA small boy (several babies) was thrown away, born by the dead woman, lives in the water (in forest, etc.). Another boy lives with his father or mother. Ultimately the first boy comes to live in the locus of the second one. Often (see motif j25, Babies escape and return) during some time the boy who lives in the wilderness meets secretly with his brother (with other children, with pups that had been fed up by his mother) who lives with the people
j29Shadow of the fatherA murdered parent of the hero comes to him as a ghost and informs about the circumstances of his or her death
j30Parents’ remainsBefore the hero destroys the antagonists or escapes from them, he finds or receives the remains or possessions that belonged to the antagonists' victim
j4Revenge for the death of the male relativesHeroes avenge the murder or captivity of the male relatives: (grand)father, uncles, or the elder relatives in general, the loss of the males being the most traumatic
j41Foxes jeer at the abandoned personWhen the hero returns home after a long absence, his relation does not believe at first that it is really he because all this time somebody jeered at him or her imitating the hero's voice, telling that the hero is back, etc.
j44The broken bridgePerson or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice
j45The stretched out leg (crane bridge)Person stretches his or her leg or neck as a bridge across water body. The fugitives or those who walk ahead cross the bridge; the persecutor or those who are behind usually fall because the person takes his bridge off
j46Enemy drownsAntagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body
j4aRevenge for the death of the motherA woman is murdered. Her son or children (rare: grandchildren, nephews) revenge for her death
j4bRevenge inside the familyChildren (son, sons, son and daughter) of the murdered woman or man revenge on persons who have marital or close kin relations with the victom
j5Brothers as victimsTwo or several brothers or friends are killed by antagonists. One of them is the father of the young hero who avenges their death or all of them are his uncles
j56Father tests his sonsTwin heroes (or one boy) come to their divine father. He puts them under trials to get know if they are really his children and possess supernatural power
j57Son of the SunA virgin girl is impregnated by the Sun and gives birth to a son or twin boys. When her son (or the twins) grows up, he (they) comes to his father
j59aFlight after the arrowShooting and an arrow (rare: throwing a ball), person flies on it, after it or ahead of it or sends on the arrow another person
j59bAn arrow falls down, a dead one revivesTo revive the dead, person shoots an arrow into the sky (it is suggested that the dead would be afraid of the arrow falling, jump aside and become alive)
j64Person moves on clouds of smokeNot being burned in a fire, person ascends to the sky or gets across a river on clouds of smoke
k102a2Conflict between mother and son Mother tries to kill her son (children) because he interferes with her love affair
k177The travelling heroineA girl or young woman sets off to find or return her fience or her husband or she escapes from a fanger and ultimately marries happily
k19aStar-wifeA man maries a star-woman
k1eMarooned on an isletPerson is marooned on an islet or on another side of a sea or wide river
k1fConflict because of a womanA man maroons another because of jealousy or because he plans to take hold of his wife
k1hImprisoned in the tree-hollowPerson is imprisoned in a tree-hollow or inside a rock and is released by somebody who makes a hole from outside
k1iTree to descend from a rockA tree or vine quickly grows up near the rock or in the bottom of a pit where the hero was marooned. He gets to the ground climbing down (or up) this tree (vine)
k22bMan helps inhabitants of other worldInhabitants of a distant land who have different nature than (normal) human beings struggle from time to time with some non-human enemies. Man helps local dwellers because their enemies are not dangerous for the human beings
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n1Task-giver is a king or a chiefPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero and/or person who demands the fulfillment of certain conditions from those who want to marry his daughter is a prominent figure in social hierarchy. He is a head of the socio-political unit of community or super-community level and is neither a member of the hero’s household nor a mythical being
k27oBall gameA contest: ball game
k27o1Head used as ballSevered human heads are compared with balls or used as balls
k27sContest: a raceContest: a race
k27vTo hit a bird with an arrow (stone)Person must kill a bird with an arrow or a stone
k27zGame of chance for life and deathPerson becomes a master of another after winning a game (game of chance or Intellectual game but not a sport tournament)
k28Father or uncle is rival and enemyMaternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him
k35False husbandAn imposter pretends to be the hero to take his position and/or to marry or to violate his woman
k38f6The fire-creatureA creature that consists of fire is mentioned
k41Thunder against a serpent Thunder or giant bird fights against a reptile, big water animal or other big and strong creature who lives in water or under the earth
k48Singing bird of the heroAn antagonist wants that a wonderful bird of the hero sing but it remains mute or cries differently. The bird begins to sing when the hero triumphs over his adversaries
k48aBirds decorate hero’s attireAlive birds and beasts decorate hero's costume and headgear. Imposter steals hero's attire, takes his place but the birds and beasts are mute or cry differently
k49Dead mother returns to nurse her babyA woman who is transformed into animal or driven out of the human world returns to her baby to feed and to care for him
k54Two giantsA man meets a dangerous giant (or serpent) who proves to be friendly to him. When another giant fights with the first one, the man helps his friend
k69A visit to GodA group of persons decide to go to the end of the world to meet the Sun or other supreme god. One (or several) of them perish on their way, some reach destination, at least one returns home using the shorter way than the one they have took before
k9God’s wife thrown down from the skyThe sky chief discovers or thinks that his wife, sister or lover is untrue or incestuous. He throws her down from the sky. She becomes the mistress of the lower or middle world or a part of it or one of her sons gets power over the lower world
l101Pieces of clothes thrown to pursuerPursued by demonic creature (usually a whale or walrus), people throw behind piece by piece children’s or woman’s clothes. These attract the pursuer’s attention, he loses time, the runaways escape
l103Obstacle flight (Atalanta type)Treasure, or the like, is thrown back to tempt pursuer to delay
l113The ogre bridegroomA girl (rejects suitors for a long time but at last) falls in love with a handsome man who proves to be a demon or animal. Usually she eventually escapes from him
l123Running in many directionsTo confuse pursuer, person many times runs away in different directions and comes back
l13The reared up monsterA small creature is reared up by people. When it is grown up, it becomes harmful and dangerous
l14Reared up serpentA small creature (often a worm or a reptile) is brought home and reared up or it becomes to live by itself in an artificial body of water. When big, it goes out of human control or becomes something huge and/or dangerous. Cf. motif L13A (The reared up monster attacks people)
l15aVulnerable place on the bodyThe only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s or creature’s body and not in his inner organs
l15a1Achilles' heelVulnerable place on the body of a person or creature is on his or her foot (toe, heel, sole, ankle)
l15b1Deer horn is a weapon against the evilDuring a fight between the good and the evil creators the good one chooses a deer horn for a weapon (because his adversary is afraid of it most of all)
l15cHero lies and remains unharmedDangerous person tells simple-heartedly what he is afraid of giving the hero a good opportunity to scare him
l15c1The antagonist is defeated because he tells truthDangerous person tells simple-heartedly what he is afraid of or what particular object is the receptacle of his life giving the hero a good opportunity to scare or to kill him
l15dThe external soulLife of a person or creature is preserved outside of his (her, its) body. Person or creature dies after the corresponding object is destroyed
l28The snake-eaterPerson who have eaten a prohibited meat or fish turns into monstrous snake or fish
l29Fish from a forest poolPerson catches fish in a place where it ought not live, i.e. in a forest pond or in a tree hollow isolated from other water bodies. After eating he dies, is transformed and/or attacked by monsters
l30Eating of snake meat triggers thirstPerson who breaks some sort of taboo (usually has eaten a prohibited food) is thirsty and drinks enormous quantity of water
l5cRolling head is a dangerous monsterRolling head is a dangerous mobster (pursues celestial bodies, people etc.)
l62The Stone manStone man kills people but ultimately is killed himself
l65bDogs save their masterA demonic woman or (rare) her paramour or a monster is going to kill a man usually after driving him up a tree. At the last moment the man's dogs or other animals or birds who are the man's pets come and kill the demon
l68Two companions in the nightPerson turns into monster at night when he remains alone with his companion in the wilderness
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l75Flint kills his motherOne of twin brothers is evil. Being still in the womb, he does not want to be born in a normal way and bursts through his mother’s side killing her
l85ePerson is temporary split in twoPerson is able to split himself in two after which his left and right halves stick together again
l87Taste of bloodUnintentionally, person gets to taste his or her own blood or flesh, likes the taste, turns into a cannibal
l9Sharp body membersBody members of a person has the form of cutting or piercing weapon
l9aSharp legPerson's leg is injured intentionally or by chance. The loss of one leg does not bother him. He uses the sharpened bone as a thrust weapon
m109The tail-fisherAnimal person puts his tail (penis) down and waits in hope to get something edible. The tail (penis) is torn or cut off, the person escapes or dies
m23Mock pleaPerson or creature pretends to be afraid of a particular sort of treatment that really cannot do him any harm
m24Turtle’s war partyTurtle goes to war and/or is captured by enemies
m26Ducks rise hunter into the air (he caught them by leg)Person attempts to hunt ducks or geese catching them by the legs. They rise him into the air, he falls down
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m29hTrickster-owlIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is owl
m29kThe turtle (tortoise, toad, frog) wins thanks to his smartnessBeing smart and persistent, the turtle (toad, frog) overcomes strong adversaries
m29qTrickster is a racoonIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is a racoon
m30Trickster falls downPerson or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return
m38Stupid imitation (all versions)Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food
m38aThe bungling hostBeing on a visit to other people or (more often) animals, an (animal)-person sees them act using magic or according to their animal nature. Back at home, he imitates their actions and gets in trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and mostly refer to providing and cooking food
m42Eyes: taken out of orbits and lostPerson loses his eyes because of his playfulness or negligence. He makes new eyes of some substance or/and takes eyes of another person
m45A predator tricks animals to gather around himAn ogre or a stronger animal catches a man or a weaker animal or drives him into a small enclosure. He goes away for a while leaving a watchman. The watchman is unable to fulfill his duty and the man (the weak animal) escapes (usually he dupes the watchman). Most, though hardly all American cases can have post-Columbian African origin
m46The false babyPlanning to get or to return valuables, person turns into baby or in a small objects that has power to impregnate a woman. The picked up or the born baby steals the valuables and acquires his real guise (including cases according to which the girl herself is the desired valuable)
m46bA stratagem: baby born by womanPerson turns into tiny object or creature. Touching or swallowing it, the woman conceives and gives birth to a baby-boy. The boy steals valuables or make love to the woman
m57aBeads discharged from the bodyInstead of common body discharges a man or a woman urinates, spits, etc. beads, flowers, gold and other valuables; valuables are produced by the very presence of particular person
m57a2Male person is the producer of valuablesInstead of common body discharges a a man urinates, spits, etc. beads, flowers, gold and other valuables; valuables are produced by the very presence of particular male person. See motif m57a
m62aQuarrel provoked by action [not in correlation table]Hero imperceptibly causes detriment to two persons or creatures. They accuse each other and fight
m70An elder person poisons a younger one with intestinal gasOld person tricks a young man into smelling her or his intestinal gas
m8Breaking the obstacleNon-human persons work hard to destroy a strong and durable obstacle that blocks access to some place or object
m81Blind personsA man travels and comes to two or several blind (usually old) persons
m83Who is older?Somebody claims that he has been born before present world came into being. His opponent claims the same, and they argue who of them is the older
m97The blind is directed by treesPerson is lost or becomes blind. He walks asking different trees their names and makes decisions according to their answers reaching ultimately his destination
m97a2The blind person asks trees their names to find his was to the waterThe blind person walks asking different trees their names and thus finds his way to the water


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Western Ojibwa (Chippewa)
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Occitanie (southern France): Limousin, Auvergne, Provence, Aquitaine, Albret, Gers, Aveyron (Rouerge), Armagnac, Landes, Gascogne, Vivarés, Roussillon, Pyrénées, Bearne, Guyenne, Bigorre, Ain, Hautes Alpes, Ariège, Vienne, Aude, French part of Swiss

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