Creek, Seminole; Tuskegee; iconography of Kentucky Hopewell



Tradition title rus: 
Крики, семинолы; таскеги; иконография культуры хоупвелл в Кентукки
Areal ID: 
13.3.3.1
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
111.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
63.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a12aEclipses: a predator animalDuring an eclipse or at other circumstances the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a predator animal (a bear, a feline, a canine, a racoon)
a12bEclipses: a frog or toadDuring an eclipse or at the sunset the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a frog or toad
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a4Female sunThe Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female
b26Man joins wild animalsPerson who follows the wild animals turns into one of them or into their master
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b41The talking dogBecause the dog was spreading some information, altercated with its masters, was talking in a wrong time, etc. it lost the ability to speak
b41aAnimal reveals master’s secretsThe dog or other domestic animal speaks aloud about those details of its masters' life that they would prefer to conceal. He is punished by depriving his ability to speak
b44bCouncil on seasons: toes, claws, hairs, feathersToes, claws, feathers, hairs, color stripes, etc. are counted and compared to establish the number of period of time or particular way of alternation of periods
b44cShould warmth and light exist?It is discussed if darkness or light, cold or warm periods should exist
b44eDispute of ancestorsThe primeval ancestors (usually birds and animals) participate in discussion concerning the desired predominance or wamth/light or cold/darkness, number of the units of time in a tempoi cycle, etc.
b69Chipmunk's back scratched: hence his stripesTo thank or to punish a small mammal like chipmunk or (ground) squirrel, animal or person scratches or paints it producing stripes on its back
b69aCouncil on seasons, chipmunk participatesChipmunk or an animal of similar size (weasel, pika) is engaged into argument with another animal person (bear, elk, puma, snake) if it should be warm and light or cold and dark
b82The white ravenRaven or other carrion-eating bird of dark color and a similar size was originally white
c10The flood: the wet tailsDuring the flood birds or animals escape to some place (mountain, tree, boat, sky). Tips of their tails or other body parts get covered with water or foam and acquire their present color and form
c10aThe flood: birds cling to the skyDuring the flood some birds survive clinging to the sky with their beaks
c18Luring out the hidden SunPerson who incarnates or owns the sun hides himself or herself or is hidden. To return or to get heath and light, his or her interest is attracted or diverted by way of singing, dancing, playing music, provocative behavior, offering of unusual gifts, sex or alcohol
c19Acquisition of the sunThe Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)
c5aBird-scoutsBirds or humans later changed to birds are sent to explore the earth (is it dry, are any survivals, to investigate why smoke rises to the sky, etc.) or to bring some soil to make the land that would be good for living
c6Valuables brought from the lower worldPersons or animals dive or otherwise decend to the lower world to get a desired object and to bring it to earth (besides episodes in the fairytales, cf. motif k27x9)
c6dThe aquisition of the earth from the lower worldThe dry land (the earth) grows from a small amount of solid substance (sand, clay, dirt and the like) brought from the lower world (usually from the bottom of the ocean)
c6eThe diver is a crustaceanA crustacean brings the earth from the bottom of the ocean or from the lower world
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
d4jRabbit obtains fireFire owner, stealer, or stealer's companion is a rabbit, a hare or (among the Ofaie) a guinea pig
d4mFire owners dancePerson comes to the owners of fire or light. They feast and dance. He joins them and in a proper moment carries away the valuables
e20Fish poison personEntering water, certain person makes fish die. From parts of his body or from his grave grows plant used to prepare fish poison (timbo)
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
e5cPeople from the skyThe first people or first anthropomorphic divine beings descend to earth from the sky.
e7Person stuck in a cosmic holeTo descend from the sky, ascend from the underworld or come out of the cave, people must pass through narrow hole. A person is stuck in the hole blocking forever communication between different parts of the universe
f30Snake paramourA woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man
f34bThe paramour is not a human beingA girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior
g20Woman turns into plantsFood crops emerge from remains of a woman or girl
g3A rock of cropsCultivated plants or fertile soil to plant them are hidden inside a rock. Birds or Thunders get them destroying the rock
h18Hoarded game releasedGame animals were concentrated in one single place. Certain person lets them disperse in the world
h19Raven tries to starve peopleRaven hides or scares game animals preventing hunters to kill them. People outwit him
h1cStamped down gravePeople do not come back to life after somebody buries the dead in the grave or stamps down the earth on the grave
h2The selfish animalAnimals ask God to make people mortal because people would be too numerous and step on the animals, deprive them of their food and habitat, or because the animals want to feast on the human corpses
i124Ursa major is a boatUrsa major is a boat
i13aThe horned serpentGiant water-chthonic or sky serpent or dragon has horns or antlers on its head
i22Objects in permanent movementThere are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)
i22aRising and falling skyThe sky is constantly moving up and down in respect to earth
i27aTowns and paths of dogsSouls of the dead dogs have their own towns in the Beyond or their own paths to travel there
i36Thunder and lightning are relatives, spouses or in-laws Thunder and lightning (two thunders, two lightings) are close relatives, spouses or in-laws
i41Rainbow serpentRainbow is a reptile (usually a snake) or (more rare) a fish, or it is related to snake, to its tongue, breath, or to scorpion's tail
i45bNot to point at the rainbowIt to point at the rainbow, pointing finger or entire arm will rot, wither or become crooked
i4bThunder in trouble: fights with his enemyA man helps Thunder who fights with his enemy
i57Thunder pursues his enemyThunder's enemies are evil spirits, reptiles, animals living in burrows. They hide from him in different objects, Thunder destroys these objects
i62Milky Way is a riverMilky Way is a sky river, water body, chain of beings that swim
i65Milky Way of the deadMilky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession
i69Star dungShining sky objects or atmospheric phenomena are excrements of sky dwellers
i78The square earthThe earth is square, the sky is usually round
i9Colors of the cardinal directionsFour cardinal directions and/or some objects associated with them are associated with different colors
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j12Travelling girl walks across suitorsA girl (or two sisters) travel, usually in search of a proper marriage partner who lives far away or who has gone away. On her way or after reaching the place of destination the girl gets to some unpleasant suitors
j13Two sistersTwo sisters (if more, only two play a significant role in the plot) travel and meet an unpleasant suitor or get to an ogre
j19Wicked guest murders womanWhen husband o brother leaves home to hunt, an evil spirit comes to his wife or sister. The spirit kills her or carries her away. Her baby boys extracted from her womb or born at this time survive
j22bTwo women from oneA woman is torn or cut in half, two new women appear
j22ePlacenta personA second person evolves from the placenta of the first one
j25Babies escape and returnHeroes (usually one or two), being still babies or embryos, escape or are thrown away, often into the water. To bring them back into the human world, they are lured (persuaded) to come out or caught with difficulty
j27Lodge-boy and Thrown-awayA small boy (several babies) was thrown away, born by the dead woman, lives in the water (in forest, etc.). Another boy lives with his father or mother. Ultimately the first boy comes to live in the locus of the second one. Often (see motif j25, Babies escape and return) during some time the boy who lives in the wilderness meets secretly with his brother (with other children, with pups that had been fed up by his mother) who lives with the people
j27aThrown-away kills his fatherOne of two babies is thrown away and lives in the water, in the forest, etc., another lives in the house; after both of them become to live in the house, they kills their father
j40bAvenged prisonersAfter the hero comes back after a long absence and finds his parents enslaved, he tells them to demonstrate openly a lack of respect to their masters and punishes those who were cruel with them
j45The stretched out leg (crane bridge)Person stretches his or her leg or neck as a bridge across water body. The fugitives or those who walk ahead cross the bridge; the persecutor or those who are behind usually fall because the person takes his bridge off
j4aRevenge for the death of the motherA woman is murdered. Her son or children (rare: grandchildren, nephews) revenge for her death
j59aFlight after the arrowShooting and an arrow (rare: throwing a ball), person flies on it, after it or ahead of it or sends on the arrow another person
k177The travelling heroineA girl or young woman sets off to find or return her fience or her husband or she escapes from a fanger and ultimately marries happily
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k28Father or uncle is rival and enemyMaternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him
k41Thunder against a serpent Thunder or giant bird fights against a reptile, big water animal or other big and strong creature who lives in water or under the earth
k48Singing bird of the heroAn antagonist wants that a wonderful bird of the hero sing but it remains mute or cries differently. The bird begins to sing when the hero triumphs over his adversaries
k48aBirds decorate hero’s attireAlive birds and beasts decorate hero's costume and headgear. Imposter steals hero's attire, takes his place but the birds and beasts are mute or cry differently
k69A visit to GodA group of persons decide to go to the end of the world to meet the Sun or other supreme god. One (or several) of them perish on their way, some reach destination, at least one returns home using the shorter way than the one they have took before
l15aVulnerable place on the bodyThe only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s or creature’s body and not in his inner organs
l28The snake-eaterPerson who have eaten a prohibited meat or fish turns into monstrous snake or fish
l28aEating of snake meat triggers floodBecause people (or certain person) eat the meat of a snake (dragon, strange fish), a flood begins or a landslide occurs, or a river (lake) appears
l29Fish from a forest poolPerson catches fish in a place where it ought not live, i.e. in a forest pond or in a tree hollow isolated from other water bodies. After eating he dies, is transformed and/or attacked by monsters
l31People stick to monsterPeople against their will must follow an object, a creature, or a person (usually stick to it) who/which leads or carries them far away, usually into the water or to the sky
l31bReptile carries people into the waterPeople find a snake or a turtle on a dry ground. They touch it or sit on it, stick to it, it carries them into the water
l6Demon clings to personA demonic being demands that a person would carry it permanently, clings to his shoulder or back
l62The Stone manStone man kills people but ultimately is killed himself
l68Two companions in the nightPerson turns into monster at night when he remains alone with his companion in the wilderness
l69Puma rescues man from a monsterA man is attacked by a monster but puma or jaguar fights with the monster and rescues the man
l6aSticking demon asks to be carriedPerson that looks weak and feeble asks a man to carry him or her on his back and refuses to leave him
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l9Sharp body membersBody members of a person has the form of cutting or piercing weapon
l98Cannibal owlDangerous cannibal or bush spirit who abducts children, attacks people, etc. is associated with an owl
l9aSharp legPerson's leg is injured intentionally or by chance. The loss of one leg does not bother him. He uses the sharpened bone as a thrust weapon
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m11cPerson gets lard from his bodyA male person cuts or roasts his own body to extract meat, lard or blood, cooks it and serves to his guest without injuring himself. Such a food is not considered to be unclean
m151aHolding up the rock(Animal) person pretends to hold up a rock, tree etc. and explains that otherwise it will fall
m183A race: one against manyMany animals of one species that all look identical together fulfill the task that would be impossible for any of them if he were alone; the competitors believe that the task was fulfilled by only one animal. Usually a slow and a fast animals agree to race. The slow one puts other animals of his species at the finish or along the distance, each one answering the fast one that he is ahead of him. The fast one accepts his loss
m22Helpful stockA long-necked bird living near water (stork, heron, bittern, swan) saves person from dangerous pursuer
m29b2The bear is a failure/enemyBecause of its stupidity or unsocial behavior, the bear suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29gTrickster-hare or rabbitIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit
m29g1Hare or rabbit as the main tricksterIn most of the episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit. Not considered are traditions in which 1) trickster hare/rabbit is rare while other trickster (usually fox/jackal/coyote) typical; 2) Mesoamerican traditions in which episodes with trickster rabbit are not many and could be borrowed in post-Columbian time being of African origin
m37Blow of axePerson or person's head is split with the blow of an axe. Person remains (or must remain if the procedure is realized in correct way) uninjured
m38Stupid imitation (all versions)Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food
m38aThe bungling hostBeing on a visit to other people or (more often) animals, an (animal)-person sees them act using magic or according to their animal nature. Back at home, he imitates their actions and gets in trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and mostly refer to providing and cooking food
m45A predator tricks animals to gather around himAn ogre or a stronger animal catches a man or a weaker animal or drives him into a small enclosure. He goes away for a while leaving a watchman. The watchman is unable to fulfill his duty and the man (the weak animal) escapes (usually he dupes the watchman). Most, though hardly all American cases can have post-Columbian African origin
m55Sprinkling hot coalsA man or a weaker animal leads the stronger one to a place that is allegedly dangerous (hot coals, ashes, sticks, etc. can fall there at night). When his companion is asleep, man throws sticks, sprinkles hot ashes or coals on him pretending that they fall on them both
m56aAlligator’s secretA man or an animal beats alligator but it remains unharmed and says that he would be killed if stricken in one special place on his body. The next time the same person strikes alligator this way and kills it
m57aBeads discharged from the bodyInstead of common body discharges a man or a woman urinates, spits, etc. beads, flowers, gold and other valuables; valuables are produced by the very presence of particular person
m57a2Male person is the producer of valuablesInstead of common body discharges a a man urinates, spits, etc. beads, flowers, gold and other valuables; valuables are produced by the very presence of particular male person. See motif m57a
m60bFalse doctor: a finished off victimThe deceiver who promised to cure a sick or wounded person or animal devours him or suggests a remedy that makes the sick one to feel ever worse
m73Exchanged excrements or vomits: who is strongerTwo (animal) persons compare their feces or vomits to know about the diet and habits of each other (who is the strongest). The weaker one gets to exchange the feces (vomits)
m73aExchanged excrementsTwo (animal) persons compare their feces (with different purpose). One of them gets to exchange them
m8Breaking the obstacleNon-human persons work hard to destroy a strong and durable obstacle that blocks access to some place or object


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Alabama, Koasati
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Five Nations Iroquois (Seneca, Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tlingit
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kond (Khond, Kondh; language is Kui, incl Kuttia, Konda-Dora), Koya; Pengo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Yuchi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Eastern Arunachal Pradesh: Abor (incl Minyong, Shimong, Padam, Pasi, Panggi), Apa Tani (Apatani), Bori, Bugun, Dafla (=Nyishi, Nisi, Nishing, incl Tagin), Gallong (=Galo, Adi), Mishmi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Tzeltal
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Guiana Kariña, Kaliña, Galibi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kiowa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Tuvinians of Tuva

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Alabama, Koasati
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Natchez (incl Avoyel)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Cherokee
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Five Nations Iroquois (Seneca, Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Pawnee
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Makiritare (Yecuana)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Menominee
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Wichita; Spiro Mound iconography
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Yuchi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Western Ojibwa (Chippewa)