Kpelle (incl Kono)



Tradition title rus: 
Кпелле (Либерия), коно (субэтнос кпелле, Гвинея)
Areal ID: 
1.3.5.9
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
64.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
19.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
b3A primeval swampInitially the earth is a swamp, water and dry land are not separated from each other
b42Cosmic huntCertain stars or constellations are interpreted as hunters, their dogs and game that the hunters pursue
b77Primeval sky close to earthOriginally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up
b77bSky touched with a long objectThe sky rose to its present height and/or the direct relations of the sky deity with the people were broken off when the sky or the deity was touched or struck with a long object (a pestle, a broom, etc.)
b77b1Sky touched with a pestleThe sky rose to its present height and/or the direct relations of the sky deity with the people were broken off when the sky or the deity was pushed up, touched or struck with a pestle or with a ladle during the preparation of food
c19Acquisition of the sunThe Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)
e31aCreators and rescuers of a girlSeveral men take part in rescuing, creation or reanimation of a girl (rare: a bird) or several women take part in the reanimation of a dead man or they differetly express their grief. It is asked whose role was crucial (who behavior more noble) and/or who should be the spouse of the reanimated person. Or three men make something valuable and it is asked whose role in the corresponding enterprise was more important
f38Women and sacred knowledgeWomen were possessors of the sacred knowledge, sanctuaries or ritual objects which are now taboo for them or they made attempts to acquire such a knowledge or objects
f5Brides for the first menPerson cannot or do not want to give his daughters in marriage to all the men who claim them for wives and transforms animals into girls. (Usually in the beginning of times or after the flood many men come to marry the only daughter of God or patriarch)transforms animals into girls
f65The false burialTo realize his or her secret desire (illicit sex, refusal to share food with relations), person pretends to die and is abandoned at a burial place
f65bDeath feigned to eat burial foodMan pretends to die because he does not want to share food with the others and eats it alone at his burial place
h36The muddled messagePerson is sent by god to bring instructions or certain objects but distorts, forgets or replaces them. This has fatal consequences for humans or for a certain species of animals. (Lithuanian case can be a mistification)
h36aOrigin of death from the falsified messagePerson distorts instructions that he must pass to others, intentionally lies, forgets or replaces certain objects that must be given to others. Because of this human beings become mortal (do not revive after death)
h4The shed skinThose who change their skin become young again
h5People and snakesReptiles or invertebrates possess the medicine of immortality; are contrasted with men as immortal with mortals and/or are responsible for originating of death; or a snake's bite inflicts the first death
h7The personified DeathDeath (also Old Age, Disease, etc.) is a particular person not identical with the Master of the Dead. He kills people usually carrying away their souls
i120CornucopiaFood and clothes are extracted from the horn of a cow or goat
j23A late son kills monstersPeople (elder brothers, elder siblings, elder sister) disappear (one by one). A lonely woman has a baby or finds a baby or she becomes pregnant magically and gives birth to a boy or twins. The boy grows up, exterminates the antagonists, usually revives and releases those who had disappeared
j23cYoungest brother kills monstersPeople (elder brothers, elder siblings, elder sister) disappear (one by one). A lonely woman has a baby or finds a baby or she becomes pregnant magically and gives birth to a boy. The boy grows up, exterminates the antagonists, usually revives and releases those who had disappeared
j42Waters split apartWhen person comes to the water body, waters are split apart so the person reaches the other bank walking on the dry ground
k140Ostentatiously ungratefulTravelling with his sibling, a youth regularly kills those who help him and save him creating for himself ever more problems
k33hThe cat, the dog and the magic objectA man obtains an object that fulfills his wishes. The object is stolen but brought back by the animals (which had been saved by the man before)
k56The kind and the unkind girlsOne of (step)sisters, co-spouses or young female neighbors meets a being that is able to reward and to punish. She behaves herself properly and is rewarded. Another (other) girl comes to the same being but behaves in a wrong way and is punished (not rewarded).
k56a2If asked to do in a bad way, do otherwisePerson (usually a girl) gets to the powerful person (usually an old woman) who asks her to act in a strange and harsh way (to put room in disorder, to bring unclean water, and the like). The person does not according to order but in a rationale and polite way and is recompensed. Another person acts according to the direct sense of the words and is punished
k56a2aTo wash herself in the red waterThe girl becomes beautiful or ugly after washing herself in the water of particular color
k56a4fThe unkind girl becomes uglyThe supernatural person does not like the behavior of the unkind girl and punishes her making her ugly (disfigured)
k56bThe worthy man is rewarded, the unworthy punishedFirst one, then another man meets a powerful person or persons. The first man is worthy and rewarded with treasure, prestige or the like. The second man (or two men) follows him, behaves in a wrong way and is punished
k95The twining branches (united in death)Two persons who loved each other (usually a man and a girl) are buried in one grave or not far from each other. After the burial something related to this event takes place (two plants grow up and stretch their branches to each other, smoke of two funeral pyres is merged, two birds flu out from the grave, two stars appear on the sky, etc.)
k99a1Smart man is rescued from prisonAn imprisoned man is rescued and exalted because only he gets to resolve problems that trouble the king or to save the princess (prince, the king himself)
l113The ogre bridegroomA girl (rejects suitors for a long time but at last) falls in love with a handsome man who proves to be a demon or animal. Usually she eventually escapes from him
l114The youngest one saves siblings from demonA group of young people comes to a demon. The youngest brother of sister or a person whom others take for a sick, unpleasant, invalid one and who often accompanies the others against their wish saves them all
l114cTo exchange clothes with ogre's daughtersChildren or youths (usually a group of brothers) exchange clothes (headgears, ornaments, blankets, sleeping places) with their enemy’s children. The enemy kills his or her own children by mistake. Usually brothers get to the ogre or ogress and the youngest advices to exchange places (clothes, etc.) with ogre’s daughters). Outside of Europe the actors can be animals
l115Perfect gentlemanA girl who rejected suitors finds at last a really handsome man. He escorts her to his place and distributes on the way all his clothes and body parts that he loaned before. Only his skull (head) remains
l117Unwanted companionWhen a man goes to marry, an evil spirit joins him, helps him in the village of his bride, etc. but then claims at least half of the bride for himself. (In Gola story a man gets a wife for a spirit and claims a half of her)
l18Multi-headed birdA bird with two or more heads on top of one body is described in tales or represented in art
l19aBeings with even number of headsBeings (any besides birds) with even but not more than ten number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. Beings that with even number of heads named in a row with other multi-headed beings and the highest number is even or bigger than ten are not considered
l32Gluttonous stoneStone swallows, bites or transforms people
l33gRock with a beardA tree, a creature in a tree, a rock, etc. kills (severely injures) everyone who climbes it, names it in a certain way, etc. Person provokes others to do it and devours the killed ones. The last of the invited ones deceives the provoker
l42aOgre steals corpsesAn ogre steals fresh corpses from graves and devours them
l45Duped watchmanAn ogre or a stronger animal catches a man or a weaker animal or drives him into a small enclosure and goes away for a time leaving a watchman. The hero dupes the watchman, escapes. (Most, though hardly all American cases can have post-Columbian African origin)
l52Hero escapes from top of a treeHero hides in a tree from an ogre. Before the ogre gets to fell the tree, the hero flies away or a bird helps him to escape
l65b3The escape on the treePersons climbs a tree and thanks to this escapes from a demon (who usually tries to fell the tree)
l68Two companions in the nightPerson turns into monster at night when he remains alone with his companion in the wilderness
l7Chasing an animal by mistakeInstead of chasing a person, a bush spirit, a monster or a dangerous animal follows by mistake an object or animal that moves nearby
m104Make believe killing of kinsfolkPerson conceals his or her close relatives (children, mother, brothers) and tells another that he or she has killed them. Another believes and agrees to kill his or her own children, mother, etc.
m105aMake believe killing of childrenPerson conceals her children and tells another one that she has killed them. Another person really kills her own
m118Source of values is destroyed imprudentlyPerson or animal gets access to values that are inside an animal, a tree, a rock or other enclosure. Later he himself or more often somebody else tries to do the same but destroys source of values, blocks access to it or makes it too dangerous
m11cPerson gets lard from his bodyA male person cuts or roasts his own body to extract meat, lard or blood, cooks it and serves to his guest without injuring himself. Such a food is not considered to be unclean
m124A bull’s tailPerson buries a tail or head of a bull or other domestic animal with a tail or horns outside. He explains that the animal sank into the ground and usually asks the others to pull the tail (horns). When they are “torn off”, he tells that people are guilty of the animal being lost
m157The impossible giving birthPerson claims that a man or a male animal had given birth (or is menstruating) or that a female gave birth to a young of another species or that a woman gave birth to an animal
m157a1Father is giving birthPerson proves the absurdity of the claims of another person saying that his or her father (or other man or a male animal) had given or is giving birth or is menstruating
m157a2Bull or cart gives birthPerson claims that a calf (colt, kid, etc.) was born (brought to the place) not by the cow (mare, etc.) of another person but by his own male animal (bull, stallion, etc.), his own animal of another species or by inanimate object (usually a cart)
m171The profitable exchange: from a pea to a horsePerson or animal stays for a night and the next morning declares that his possessions (which value is none or negligible) are lost. Or other persons whom the trickster meets really use or spoil objects that the trickster gives them. Every time he receives in compensation objects or animals with ever bigger value, the last acquisition usually being a costly animal or a girl. (All texts with motifs M171A and M171C contain also the motif M171)
m172The hare makes the lion his horseTo demonstrate that a strong animal is his slave or his riding animal, a weak animal tricks the strong one to carry him. People believe that the strong one is really a slave of the weak one
m182The tarbabyThe (animal) person threatens another to beat him and sticks to him with all his limbs in succession. Usually it is a figure smeared with some sticky substance that the person takes for somebody alive
m21A protector hides fugitivesThe protagonist pursued by an enemy comes across a person, an animal or an object to help him and receives help
m23Mock pleaPerson or creature pretends to be afraid of a particular sort of treatment that really cannot do him any harm
m29gTrickster-hare or rabbitIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit
m29g1Hare or rabbit as the main tricksterIn most of the episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit. Not considered are traditions in which 1) trickster hare/rabbit is rare while other trickster (usually fox/jackal/coyote) typical; 2) Mesoamerican traditions in which episodes with trickster rabbit are not many and could be borrowed in post-Columbian time being of African origin
m29pTrickster is a spiderIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is a spider
m42Eyes: taken out of orbits and lostPerson loses his eyes because of his playfulness or negligence. He makes new eyes of some substance or/and takes eyes of another person
m57cGold producing animalAn animal (ass, cow, horse, goat, bear, leopard) extracts gold or food from its body or person makes others believe that it is so
m91The killed corpsePerson pretends that a person (often his or her mother, spouse or lover) who recently died is alive, claims that the death of the false alive resulted from negligence of others and gets a reward
m91c2Put into the bagPerson is put into a bag (a cage, tied up, etc.) to be drowned, burned, etc. He pretends to be in this situation by his own will or because he refuses to marry a princess, to become a chief and the like. Another person is willing to take his place and is killed


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Dan (=Gio), Guro (=Kweni, incl Gagu, Neio), Toura, Mano, Ngere, Beng, Guro
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Ancient Greece
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Krache (Kraci); Ga; Adele
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Bia: Anyi, Agni, Baule, Nsema
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Southern Taiwan: Rukai, Paiwan, Puyuma, Saaroa, Ketangalan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Ewe
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Akan, Ashanti, Akwapim; Ga (Accra), Kra, Twi (Chwi, Chi)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Dogon
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Northern Luzon: Apayao, Bontoc, Nabaloi (Ibaloi), Ifugao, Igorot (highland people, not specified), Ilocan, Ilongot, Isneg, Kalinga, Kankanay, Tingian (Tinggian, Bilongan Itneg); Ibanag, Kasiguran Agta, Keley-i Kallahan
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Thai of Vietnam, Tai Lue, Khao (Kho, Tai Don, White Tai), Tai Dam (Black Tai), Nung; Buyi; Shui

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
Northern Gur (Oti-Volta): Mamprussi, Dagomba, Dagari (Dagara; incl Lodaga), Bassari, Mosi, Nankanse, Konkomba, Moba; Ditammari, Nyende, Bulsa (pl Builsa, Bulo)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Yoruba; incl Ife), Nupe, Bini (Edo), Engenni, Chamba, Dakka, Kukuruku
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tiv, Bamum (Bamun), Mungaka (Mgaka, Bali), Beba, Anaguta, Bete (Mbete, Karang), Ekoi, Nyang, Vute (Wute), Jukun, Chamba, Bamileke, Kwotto, Kirri; Denya (Nyang)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Songhai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Mandingo (Manden, incl San, Samo), Kagoro, Bambara (Bamana), Malinke, Kassonke, Diula
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Hausa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Sakata
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Igbo (Ibo); Isoko, Urhobo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Congo (Koongo, Bacongo; incl Vili, Fioti, (Ma)Yombe, MuKunyi), Ndombo, Luango (Loango), Zombo (Sambo), Laadi (Laari), (Ba)Fioti, Woyo (Kiwoyo)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Bashkirs