Thai of Vietnam, Tai Lue, Khao (Kho, Tai Don, White Tai), Tai Dam (Black Tai), Nung; Buyi; Shui



Tradition title rus: 
Тхай, нунг (север Вьетнама), тай луэ, лы, чжуан, буйи, шуйцзя, кхао (кхо, таи дон, белые таи; СЗ Вьетнам), таи дам (черные таи) и другие тайские группы Лаоса, Вьетнама и юга Юньнани
Areal ID: 
6.3.1.6
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
95.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
60.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a2a


Name_eng: 
The sun is a source of distructive heat
Description: 

The world was or will be (almost) burned when several suns had (will) appear(ed) simultaneously; or the only sun was too hot (or bright)




Motif

a2b


Name_eng: 
Extra suns and moons annihilated
Description: 

Other suns or moons besides present ones had been in the sky and were later annihilated




Motif

a3


Name_eng: 
Male sun and female moon
Description: 

The Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male




Motif

a4


Name_eng: 
Female sun
Description: 

The Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female




Motif

a5


Name_eng: 
The Sun and the Moon are males
Description: 

The Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual




Motif

a12


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: monster’s attack
Description: 

Some creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light




Motif

a12b


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: a frog or toad
Description: 

During an eclipse or at the sunset the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a frog or toad




Motif

a32


Name_eng: 
Figure on lunar disc
Description: 

A figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)




Motif

a32a


Name_eng: 
The Moon rabbit
Description: 

Rabbit or hare are seen in the moon




Motif

a32d


Name_eng: 
Man in the Moon
Description: 

Human being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon




Motif

b3b


Name_eng: 
Earth grows big
Description: 

Original earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance




Motif

b52c


Name_eng: 
Earth bigger than sky
Description: 

When the earth was created it proved to be bigger than the sky and had to be squeezed. This way mountains or swamps have appeared




Motif

b77


Name_eng: 
Primeval sky close to earth
Description: 

Originally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up




Motif

c2


Name_eng: 
Deluge and conflagration combined
Description: 

Inhabitans of the Middle World are (partly) destroyed (or will be destoyed) once by fire or draught, another time by a flood or the world is destroyed with a flood of fire or boiling water




Motif

c8


Name_eng: 
The couple of close relations originates the mankind
Description: 

In the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister, mother and son, or father and daughters are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents




Motif

c19


Name_eng: 
Acquisition of the sun
Description: 

The Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)




Motif

c23


Name_eng: 
Tree eclipses sky-light
Description: 

Growth and falling of giant tree defines the condition of the sky with luminaries on it (tree eclipses the light of the sun, can destroy the sky, tears the sun off the sky, etc.)




Motif

d4a


Name_eng: 
Theft of fire
Description: 

Fire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before




Motif

e5c


Name_eng: 
People from the sky
Description: 

The first people or first anthropomorphic divine beings descend to earth from the sky.




Motif

e38a


Name_eng: 
Woman gives birth to many embryos
Description: 

Woman gives birth to a gourd, a bag (with eggs), a piece of meat. The flesh is cut into pieces which turn into people or many people come out of the gourd or bag




Motif

e38b


Name_eng: 
People from gourd
Description: 

After the world cataclysm or in the beginning of times a gourd survives or appears, new people come out of it




Motif

f5b


Name_eng: 
Artificial bride
Description: 

Person suffests another a woman but does not have any or does not want to give her. He makes artificial girl (of wood, snow, etc.), sends servant girl instead of his daughter, turns into a woman himself, or recognizes his fault when he feels that it is save to do so




Motif

g6


Name_eng: 
Primeval tree
Description: 

One of the trees is the principal, original one (emerged before all the other; ancestor of wild or cultivated plants; ocean or rivers inside it; world axis; higher than all the others; overshadows sky)




Motif

h4


Name_eng: 
The shed skin
Description: 

Those who change their skin become young again




Motif

h5


Name_eng: 
People and snakes
Description: 

Reptiles or invertebrates possess the medicine of immortality; are contrasted with men as immortal with mortals and/or are responsible for originating of death; or a snake's bite inflicts the first death




Motif

h28


Name_eng: 
Plagues from the body of a person or creature
Description: 

Killed and destroyed (often burned) person or creature (usually ogre, fierce animal, powerful shaman) turns into a multitude of biting insects or into other small molesting creatures




Motif

h34c


Name_eng: 
Flying rice
Description: 

Rice could flow arriving by itself to the household




Motif

h36


Name_eng: 
The muddled message
Description: 

Person is sent by god to bring instructions or certain objects but distorts, forgets or replaces them. This has fatal consequences for humans or for a certain species of animals. (Lithuanian case can be a mistification)




Motif

h36a


Name_eng: 
Origin of death from the falsified message
Description: 

Person distorts instructions that he must pass to others, intentionally lies, forgets or replaces certain objects that must be given to others. Because of this human beings become mortal (do not revive after death)




Motif

i8c


Name_eng: 
The suspended earth
Description: 

The earth does not fall down or swing because it is suspended to ropes




Motif

i22


Name_eng: 
Objects in permanent movement
Description: 

There are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)




Motif

i52


Name_eng: 
Fish the earth-holder
Description: 

World is supported by fish or fish-like monster or the earth itself is such a monster




Motif

i62


Name_eng: 
Milky Way is a river
Description: 

Milky Way is a sky river, water body, chain of beings that swim




Motif

i82b


Name_eng: 
Venus is female
Description: 

Morning and/or Evening Star is a female personage




Motif

i88


Name_eng: 
Animal with many tails
Description: 

There is a zoomorphic being with many tails




Motif

i98a


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are a hen with its chickens
Description: 

The Pleiades are a brooding hen, hen with its chickens, chickens




Motif

k12


Name_eng: 
Woman is lost and returned
Description: 

By trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back




Motif

k24


Name_eng: 
Stolen clothes of supernatural woman
Description: 

Women who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a man hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him




Motif

k25


Name_eng: 
Magic wife
Description: 

A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world




Motif

k27hh


Name_eng: 
To sort grain
Description: 

A task: to sort a large amount or small particles of different kind (usually seeds of different plants) mixed in container or to count such particles or to pick up the spilled grains




Motif

k27n


Name_eng: 
Difficult tasks of the in-laws
Description: 

A man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage




Motif

k30


Name_eng: 
Flying enemy abducts woman
Description: 

Flying person or creature abducts a woman but is ultimately killed or the woman escapes from him




Motif

k32


Name_eng: 
The false wife
Description: 

An ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.




Motif

k33


Name_eng: 
Drowned woman remains alive
Description: 

A young woman is transformed into an animal, pushed into the water, into the underworld or she herself has to plunge into water (acquire animal form). Her connection with the human world is not completely lost, however, and usually she is helped to return to the people




Motif

k56b


Name_eng: 
The worthy man is rewarded, the unworthy punished
Description: 

First one, then another man meets a powerful person or persons. The first man is worthy and rewarded with treasure, prestige or the like. The second man (or two men) follows him, behaves in a wrong way and is punished




Motif

l19b


Name_eng: 
Beings with odd number of heads
Description: 

Being (any besides birds) with more than ten heads or with odd (but more than one) number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. If beings with ever more number of heads are named, the row ends with a being that has odd (or more than ten) number of heads




Motif

l93b


Name_eng: 
Helpful rabbit
Description: 

Cunning rabbit or hare saves person, helps him or her




Motif

m45a


Name_eng: 
Old man and animals
Description: 

A man falls asleep or pretends to be sleeping or dead. Animals take him for dead: mourn, carry to bury, are going to eat up, etc. The man kills a lot of animals or obtain valuables otherwise




Motif

m46d


Name_eng: 
Child cries for a toy
Description: 

A small child cries and becomes satisfied only when he gets a particular object to play with. This object is of high value and is hidden in the house. As soon as the object is given to him, the child or a person related to him carry it away




Motif

m145


Name_eng: 
The lion in a well
Description: 

A weak (animal) person demonstrates a strong one his reflection in water. The latter believes that an animal like he contests his supremacy, invites him for a visit, etc., usually jumps in and drowns




Motif

m149a


Name_eng: 
Treaty with the tiger
Description: 

A man, light-mindedly or against his own wish, makes an agreement with a dangerous predator. He does not want (cannot) keep it or breaks it and the predator is going to kill him but the man remains alive




Motif

b77b


Name_eng: 
Sky touched with a long object
Description: 

The sky rose to its present height and/or the direct relations of the sky deity with the people were broken off when the sky or the deity was touched or struck with a long object (a pestle, a broom, etc.)




Motif

b77b1


Name_eng: 
Sky touched with a pestle
Description: 

The sky rose to its present height and/or the direct relations of the sky deity with the people were broken off when the sky or the deity was pushed up, touched or struck with a pestle or with a ladle during the preparation of food




Motif

k25a1


Name_eng: 
Magic wife finds her clothes
Description: 

Magic wife abandons her mortal husband when she finds her clothes (often, her feathers if she is a bird-woman), makes herself the new clothes, receives them from her kin or her husband gives her her clothing believing that she will not abandon him. (Versions with magic wife abandoning her husband because she feels herself offended is not alternative to the “found clothes but in most of the texts these motifs are not combined)




Motif

e9


Name_eng: 
The mysterious housekeeper
Description: 

Person observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one




Motif

i39


Name_eng: 
Rainbow road or bridge
Description: 

Rainbow is a road, a bridge or a ladder




Motif

k27x3


Name_eng: 
The man persecuted because of his beautiful bride
Description: 

A powerful person coverts a beautiful bride or wife of a man and gives him impossible tasks to get rid of him




Motif

i13a


Name_eng: 
The horned serpent
Description: 

Giant water-chthonic or sky serpent or dragon has horns or antlers on its head




Motif

i82a


Name_eng: 
Venus is male
Description: 

Morning and/or Evening Star is a male personage




Motif

i2


Name_eng: 
Lightning from eyes
Description: 

Lightning emerges from eyes or mouth of the being who is thought to produce thunderstorms




Motif

i3


Name_eng: 
Weapon of Thunder
Description: 

The lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being




Motif

k37


Name_eng: 
Recognition-test
Description: 

To return or to get his or her son, wife, husband, domestic animal or (rare) object, person must recognize her, him or it among several identical persons, animals or objects




Motif

k29c


Name_eng: 
Brings tree that was fallen on him
Description: 

To kill a strong man, others fell a tree and hope that the man will be crashed when it falls on him, or they tie him to a tree. The man remains unharmed and brings the tree home




Motif

i87a


Name_eng: 
Series of creatures ever greater in size
Description: 

Personage of gigantic dimensions in respect to normal humans and animals proves to be tiny dwarf in respect to another personage




Motif

k136a


Name_eng: 
Girl’s hair picked up from a river
Description: 

A man finds the woman’s hair that was carried by water and decides to marry its owner




Motif

l85b1


Name_eng: 
After coming to the sky, the lad gets a normal body
Description: 

A lad with incomplete or grotesque body becomes normal after coming to the sky (coming to God, getting back to the earth)




Motif

m185


Name_eng: 
On the tail of the fast one (animals)
Description: 

A slow and a fast animals (or not flying bird) agree to race. The slow one imperceptibly sticks to the fast one’s body (or to a vehicle) and getting to the finish pretends to come there simultaneously with the fast one or before him




Motif

m152


Name_eng: 
Why only one wolf?
Description: 

When a weak animal or a person gets to see a predator animal or an ogre, he says in a loud voice (or asks to say his wife or children) something that frightens the predator (ogre): why the predator (ogre) brought to him is lean (small; only one instead of several), or it is good that more food gets to his house, etc. The predator (ogre) runs away




Motif

m152a


Name_eng: 
Animal tied to another for safety
Description: 

A stronger and a weaker predator animals (ogre and an animal) tie together for safety. When the stronger one runs away, he drags the weaker one along with him




Motif

m74


Name_eng: 
Vomits compared
Description: 

Two animals or persons compare their vomits to know about the diet and habits of each other. The weaker one gets to exchange vomits, to swallow the unusual food before, or to swallow his partner's vomits




Motif

k33h


Name_eng: 
The cat, the dog and the magic object
Description: 

A man obtains an object that fulfills his wishes. The object is stolen but brought back by the animals (which had been saved by the man before)




Motif

l14


Name_eng: 
Reared up serpent
Description: 

A small creature (often a worm or a reptile) is brought home and reared up or it becomes to live by itself in an artificial body of water. When big, it goes out of human control or becomes something huge and/or dangerous. Cf. motif L13A (The reared up monster attacks people)




Motif

k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)


Name_eng: 
Competitions and difficult tasks
Description: 

Person is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life




Motif

m152d


Name_eng: 
The elephant is saved from the tiger’s grip
Description: 

The elephant and the tiger (lion) make a competition (usually argue whose voice is louder). The tiger wins and is going to eat the elephant but a small animal saves the latter




Motif

k27n3b


Name_eng: 
Task-giver lives in the sky but is not the Sun, Moon, Thunder or Wind
Description: 

Person who gives difficult tasks or tests to the hero or heroine lives in the sky but is not associated with the Sun, Moon, Thunder or Wind




Motif

k153


Name_eng: 
Grateful animals, ungrateful man
Description: 

Человек оказывает услугу нескольким (потенциально опасным) животным и другому человеку. Благодарные животные помогают ему, а человек предает и вредит




Motif

l15i


Name_eng: 
Life in hairs
Description: 

A man dies or loses his strength (or pretends that it is so) if (some) hair on his head is cut off




Motif

m29w3


Name_eng: 
The lion is a failure
Description: 

Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the lion suffers a reverse, is injured or dies




Motif

f47


Name_eng: 
Pieces of flesh turn to people
Description: 

A living creature or a lump of alive flesh is cut into pieces which are diepersed around. After some time every piece turns into human being




Motif

m29k


Name_eng: 
The turtle (tortoise, toad, frog) wins thanks to his smartness
Description: 

Being smart and persistent, the turtle (toad, frog) overcomes strong adversaries




Motif

k174


Name_eng: 
Fingering thrown into a pitcher
Description: 

A person puts (usually inconspicuously) his or her fingering or other small personal object into a pitcher with which a servant (girl) has come to take water. The servant's mistress or master finds the ring and understands that the person is nearby




Motif

m29o1


Name_eng: 
The monkey is a failure
Description: 

Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the monkey suffers a reverse, is injured or dies




Motif

k100f1


Name_eng: 
The wild man
Description: 

A man (usually a king) catches a strange (anthropomorphic) creature. His son frees the prisoner, is afraid of his father’s anger and leaves home or is driven away. The released prisoner helps him




Motif

k33c1


Name_eng: 
Transformed into lotus
Description: 

Person is thrown into the water and becomes a flower (usually lotus)




Motif

k176


Name_eng: 
A man in search of the woman
Description: 

A (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife




Motif

m152e


Name_eng: 
Whose voice is louder
Description: 

Еhe tiger (lion) and another animal make a competition whose voice is louder. The tiger’s voice is louder but ultimately he loses




Motif

h34c


Name_eng: 
Flying rice
Description: 

Rice could flow arriving by itself to the household




Motif

a2


Name_eng: 
Several suns
Description: 

In a certain time in the past three or more suns were on the sky simultaneously




Motif

a2c2


Name_eng: 
The extra moons
Description: 

The catastrophy that is dangerous for the earth is related to the simultaneous appearance of not only several suns but also several moons




Motif

e9b


Name_eng: 
Elephant-wife
Description: 

A man marries a woman who can acquire the image of an elephant or appears from the elephant’s tusk




Motif

i22g


Name_eng: 
Clapping rocks
Description: 

There are mountains or rocks which permanently collide and separate again from each other or a crack (jaws) in a vertical cliff which is opening and closing




Motif

i141


Name_eng: 
The magic stick
Description: 

A stick is a tool to initiate processes which results have no rational explanation




Motif

b57


Name_eng: 
Blood reddens world
Description: 

When some person or animal is killed, blood paints the sky (origin of the sunrise or sunset, of reddish colors of Aurora borealis) or other natural objects (Moon, autumn vegetation)




Motif

k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)


Name_eng: 
Competitions and difficult tasks
Description: 

Person is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life




Motif

c8aa


Name_eng: 
Brother and sister beget the people
Description: 

In the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: Lahu, Kucong, Yi, Nosu (Nuosu, Northern Yi), Nisu, Nusu, Sani, Jino, Lolo (incl. Bai), Axi, Nasu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Viet, Muong
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Miao (Hmong) and Yao of Southern China
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Karen, Pa-O, Padaung, Kayah
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Lisu, Achang, Taunyo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Khmu (Kammu), Puoc
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Lao
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kachin (Jingpho), Chak, Maru
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Chin-Naga: Ao, Mao, Sema, Zeme, Liangmai, Kolren, Kom, Lhota, Rengma, Angami, Kabui, Tangkhul, Koirenf
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Shan

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tjam, Ede, Jörai (Jarai)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Viet, Muong
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Mindanao: Blaan (Bilaan), Bagobo, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Hiligáynon, Binukid, Magindaan (=Magindanao: main Muslim population), Mandaya, Mansaka, Manobo (Agusan, Ata, Dibabawon, Sarangani, Ilianen), Maranao, Subanon (=Subanun), Subanen, Tboli
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kazakh
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Burmese, Intha
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kashmiri
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kuki, Chiru, Falam (Hallam), Chin (Meitei =Manipuri, Khami, =Kumi), Lakher, Mizo (Lushei), Anal, Pawi (Lai), Purum, Koireng, Milhiem, Kolhen, Mru
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Central Yupik
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Aleuts
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Oraon (Kurukh)