Mandingo (Manden, incl San, Samo), Kagoro, Bambara (Bamana), Malinke, Kassonke, Diula



Tradition title rus: 
Манден: сан, само (запад Буркина Фасо), мандинго (мандинка; Сенегал, Гамбия, Гвинея-Бисау, Мали, Буркина-Фасо), кагоро (середина центрально-западной основной части Мали), бамбара (=бамана; район Бамако), малинке (манинка; Сенегал, Гамбия), кассонке (западные манинка, запад Мали); дьюла (диула; граница Мали, Буркина-Фасо и Кот-д'Ивуара, близки бамбара)
Areal ID: 
1.3.5.11
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
136.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
53.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a3


Name_eng: 
Male sun and female moon
Description: 

The Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male




Motif

a14


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: relations between the Sun and the Moon
Description: 

Coming together of the Sun and the Moon is the reason of their eclipses




Motif

a21


Name_eng: 
Luminaries are objects fixed in the sky
Description: 

The sun and/or the moon are inanimate objects thrown up to the sky or fixed in the sky




Motif

a36


Name_eng: 
The immortal Moon
Description: 

The Moon, unlike people, revives or rejuvenates every month; or those who live in the Moon are immortal; or the Moon makes decision if people should die forever or regularly revive




Motif

b2a


Name_eng: 
The female earth
Description: 

The earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman




Motif

b2d


Name_eng: 
Marriage of the sky and the earth
Description: 

The male Sky (the Sun, the Thunder, the creator of the sky) marries the female Earth (or its female creator) or the female Sky marries the male Earth




Motif

b5b


Name_eng: 
The universal mother
Description: 

Woman (alone or with her companion) gives birth to or creates not only people but also different creatures and objects




Motif

b40


Name_eng: 
Rabbit as deer’s proxy
Description: 

Hare or rabbit is a false deer or it was deer in the past or a close kin of the deer or had horns or antlers or missed opportunity to get them, its ears are the false horns




Motif

b40a


Name_eng: 
Missed opportunity to have horns
Description: 

Animal who has no horns now had them before or missed opportunity to get them




Motif

b42


Name_eng: 
Cosmic hunt
Description: 

Certain stars or constellations are interpreted as hunters, their dogs and game that the hunters pursue




Motif

b42n


Name_eng: 
Orion is one person
Description: 

Constellation of Orion or the Belt of Orion is identified with only one male person, usually with a warrior or hunter




Motif

d13hh


Name_eng: 
Not to laugh visiting the dead
Description: 

Person who visits the other world should not laugh or demonstrate his surprise seeing strange and funny things




Motif

e1b


Name_eng: 
Person of unfit materials
Description: 

Certain person is made of improper material and proves to be short-lived or unfit for fulfilling his functions




Motif

f2


Name_eng: 
Pregnant limb
Description: 

Child is born from a tumor or swelling on person's body (on thigh, knee, finger, etc.) or is temporarily placed there or child grows from blood that flew out from a cut




Motif

f9


Name_eng: 
A dangerous woman
Description: 

For different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man




Motif

f40a


Name_eng: 
Husband of the first women
Description: 

An anthropomorphic male or an androgyne is the only possessor or leader of women




Motif

g6


Name_eng: 
Primeval tree
Description: 

One of the trees is the principal, original one (emerged before all the other; ancestor of wild or cultivated plants; ocean or rivers inside it; world axis; higher than all the others; overshadows sky)




Motif

g8


Name_eng: 
Restored tree
Description: 

A deep notch in the tree (or in the sky support) is magically restored as soon as persons or creatures who cut or gnaw it stop working




Motif

g8b


Name_eng: 
Cutting tree to get a person
Description: 

Person hides in a tree. Somebody tries to fell it but the notch disappears and the tree becomes intact




Motif

h27


Name_eng: 
Mosquitoes let lose
Description: 

Stinging insects (rare diseases) had been inside a container or some enclosure. They escaped to the world when the container or enclosure was foolishly opened




Motif

h56


Name_eng: 
The prohibited fruit (origin of death)
Description: 

After eating certain fruit, berry, tuber, etc. people become mortal (cf. motif F97: people become sexually aware)




Motif

i10a


Name_eng: 
Colored layers of the sky
Description: 

Different sky levels or different categories of clouds have different colors




Motif

i36


Name_eng: 
Thunder and lightning are relatives, spouses or in-laws
Description: 

Thunder and lightning (two thunders, two lightings) are close relatives, spouses or in-laws




Motif

i41


Name_eng: 
Rainbow serpent
Description: 

Rainbow is a reptile (usually a snake) or (more rare) a fish, or it is related to snake, to its tongue, breath, or to scorpion's tail




Motif

i46


Name_eng: 
Rainbow belt
Description: 

Rainbow is the ornamented part of the clothes, its decoration, a belt




Motif

i51a


Name_eng: 
Bull the earth-holder
Description: 

Big mammal supports the earth




Motif

i98a


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are a hen with its chickens
Description: 

The Pleiades are a brooding hen, hen with its chickens, chickens




Motif

i103


Name_eng: 
The dog star
Description: 

Sirius is associated with a dog or a wolf




Motif

j26


Name_eng: 
Babies come out of the water
Description: 

Baby heroes, embryos or objects from which they emerge are found in a river or lake or come to people out of the water




Motif

j42


Name_eng: 
Waters split apart
Description: 

When person comes to the water body, waters are split apart so the person reaches the other bank walking on the dry ground




Motif

j47


Name_eng: 
Pursuer falls from height
Description: 

Person ascends to the sky (rare: descends from the sky; ascends the cliff) by a rope, a ladder, etc. Another person tries to follow him or her but the rope (the ladder) is broken or severed




Motif

k8c


Name_eng: 
Jonah: swallowed by terrestrial animal
Description: 

Person gets into the belly of ground animal or bird. He kills it from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)




Motif

k8e


Name_eng: 
Getting inside via anus
Description: 

Person or animal gets into another being through its anus




Motif

k12


Name_eng: 
Woman is lost and returned
Description: 

By trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back




Motif

k18


Name_eng: 
Infant picks out his unknown father
Description: 

A boy is born whose father or (rare) mother is unknown. He himself points at his parent who as a rule occupies the lowest social position. Usually many men (women) come together and everyone hopes that the boy points at him (her)




Motif

k24


Name_eng: 
Stolen clothes of supernatural woman
Description: 

Women who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a man hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him




Motif

k27hh


Name_eng: 
To sort grain
Description: 

A task: to sort a large amount or small particles of different kind (usually seeds of different plants) mixed in container or to count such particles or to pick up the spilled grains




Motif

k27n


Name_eng: 
Difficult tasks of the in-laws
Description: 

A man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage




Motif

k27q


Name_eng: 
Milk of the wild beast
Description: 

Hero is sent to bring milk of a wild animal or milk in possession of a dangerous creature or person




Motif

k33


Name_eng: 
Drowned woman remains alive
Description: 

A young woman is transformed into an animal, pushed into the water, into the underworld or she herself has to plunge into water (acquire animal form). Her connection with the human world is not completely lost, however, and usually she is helped to return to the people




Motif

k33b


Name_eng: 
Friends abandon a pretty girl
Description: 

A girl goes with her friends to a river, into a forest, etc. Other girls return home but the heroine has to remain or to go back to the forest, etc. She has a narrow escape from a dangerous creature. marries a supernatural being or a chief, or dies but is avenged




Motif

k38d


Name_eng: 
Monster blocks waters
Description: 

A monster blocks sources of water (or sends floods) and usually gives some (promises not to send floods) in exchange for human victims or valuables. Hero kills the monster




Motif

k73


Name_eng: 
Children of the youngest wife
Description: 

A young woman promises to bear a wonderful children (wonderful son). In her husband's absence other people (co-wives, mother-in-law, etc.) try to kill the mother and/or the child, usually slandering the young woman




Motif

k79


Name_eng: 
Snake serves an example of resuscitation
Description: 

Person in a desperate situation gets to see how a snake or other small animal uses remedy to revive or to cure itself or other animals. The person uses the remedy, succeeds




Motif

k108


Name_eng: 
A revived wife betrays her husband
Description: 

Wife dies, husband revives her, she abandons him for another man and is punished




Motif

l6


Name_eng: 
Demon clings to person
Description: 

A demonic being demands that a person would carry it permanently, clings to his shoulder or back




Motif

l13


Name_eng: 
The reared up monster
Description: 

A small creature is reared up by people. When it is grown up, it becomes harmful and dangerous




Motif

l15d


Name_eng: 
The external soul
Description: 

Life of a person or creature is preserved outside of his (her, its) body. Person or creature dies after the corresponding object is destroyed




Motif

l19b


Name_eng: 
Beings with odd number of heads
Description: 

Being (any besides birds) with more than ten heads or with odd (but more than one) number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. If beings with ever more number of heads are named, the row ends with a being that has odd (or more than ten) number of heads




Motif

l65b


Name_eng: 
Dogs save their master
Description: 

A demonic woman or (rare) her paramour or a monster is going to kill a man usually after driving him up a tree. At the last moment the man's dogs or other animals or birds who are the man's pets come and kill the demon




Motif

l72


Name_eng: 
The obstacle flight
Description: 

Running away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer




Motif

l81


Name_eng: 
Demon’s fire
Description: 

Person sets off in search of fire and finds it in the house of a demon. The demon makes harm to the person




Motif

l85


Name_eng: 
One-sided people
Description: 

One-sided people have one leg and/or also one arm, one half of a head, etc. The second leg is not cut or burned off, preserved as a stump but is absent completely




Motif

l106


Name_eng: 
Lost object claimed back
Description: 

An antagonist makes a demand to the hero which is correct in form but really is unjustified. The hero fulfills the claims or is punished. Now antagonist takes an object or animal possessed by the hero, is unable to give it back and is punished




Motif

l106b


Name_eng: 
Journey to the other world in search of the lost object
Description: 

In search of a lost object, usually carried away by water or wind, a girl or (rare) a boy comes to a powerful person, gets the object back and/or is rewarded. The object is related to the everyday life, it has no ritual significance and is not a weapon




Motif

l108


Name_eng: 
The wolf and the kids
Description: 

An (animal) person gives a signal (special song, etc.) to his relative or friend who lets him or her in. Antagonist imitates the person's voice or guise and the relative lets him in




Motif

l108b


Name_eng: 
The thin voice
Description: 

To make himself unrecognizable by the victim, a predator or ogre modifies his throat or tongue mechanically (oils or burns it, asks blacksmith to remake it, etc.)




Motif

l113


Name_eng: 
The ogre bridegroom
Description: 

A girl (rejects suitors for a long time but at last) falls in love with a handsome man who proves to be a demon or animal. Usually she eventually escapes from him




Motif

l114


Name_eng: 
The youngest one saves siblings from demon
Description: 

A group of young people comes to a demon. The youngest brother of sister or a person whom others take for a sick, unpleasant, invalid one and who often accompanies the others against their wish saves them all




Motif

l114a


Name_eng: 
A child who stays awake
Description: 

A member (usually the youngest) of a group of boys or girls gets with them to a cannibal. The cannibal plans to kill people when they fall asleep. The youngest boy or girl every time answers the cannibal why he or she is still awake and forces him or her to be engaged into different activities instead of killing the sleeping people. Brothers (sisters) run away and return home




Motif

l117


Name_eng: 
Unwanted companion
Description: 

When a man goes to marry, an evil spirit joins him, helps him in the village of his bride, etc. but then claims at least half of the bride for himself. (In Gola story a man gets a wife for a spirit and claims a half of her)




Motif

l121


Name_eng: 
Demonic woman marries hunter to kill him
Description: 

A wild animal, ogress or ogre turns into woman and marries a hunter with a special aim to kill him. Usually she goes with the hunter to the forest and acquires there her real guise




Motif

m21


Name_eng: 
A protector hides fugitives
Description: 

Person pursued by an enemy asks somebody whom he meets to help him. The helper hides him




Motif

m23


Name_eng: 
Mock plea
Description: 

Person or creature pretends to be afraid of a particular sort of treatment that really cannot do him any harm




Motif

m29g


Name_eng: 
Trickster-hare or rabbit
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit




Motif

m29x


Name_eng: 
The hyena is a failure
Description: 

Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the hyena suffers a reverse, is injured or dies




Motif

m56b


Name_eng: 
To bring tears and skins
Description: 

A weak person's demand will be granted if he brings a skin (paw, tears, etc.) of animals stronger than he. He fulfills the task using tricks (but usually does not receive the promised reward)




Motif

m57c


Name_eng: 
Gold producing animal
Description: 

An animal (ass, cow, horse, goat, bear, leopard) extracts gold or food from its body or person makes others believe that it is so




Motif

m62c


Name_eng: 
Pulling a rope
Description: 

A weak animal-person agrees separately with two strong ones to pull a rope with him. They do not know that are engaged into tug-of-war with each other or that the rope is tied to a tree. (In New World motif borrowed from Afroamericans)




Motif

m62d


Name_eng: 
Hare in rotten hide
Description: 

Trickster puts on a rotten hide of an animal and, being unrecognized, pretends to be victim of hare’s magic. Animals are frightened and decide not to pay the hare back for his tricks




Motif

m91c1


Name_eng: 
Herd from the river bottom
Description: 

Person gets other person’s possessions by trick (or pretends to get it; usually another person is drowned instead of him) and then demonstrates his possessions (usually a herd) and explains that he had received everything at the river bottom. His enemies believe him




Motif

m91c2


Name_eng: 
Put into the bag
Description: 

Person is put into a bag (a cage, tied up, etc.) to be drowned, burned, etc. He pretends to be in this situation by his own will or because he refuses to marry a princess, to become a chief and the like. Another person is willing to take his place and is killed




Motif

m104


Name_eng: 
Make believe killing of kinsfolk
Description: 

Person conceals his or her close relatives (children, mother, brothers) and tells another that he or she has killed them. Another believes and agrees to kill his or her own children, mother, etc.




Motif

m105


Name_eng: 
Make believe killing of mother
Description: 

Person conceals his mother or (rare) wife or mother-in-law, tells another that he has killed or sold her, another really kills or sells his mother (wife, mother-in-law)




Motif

m112


Name_eng: 
Animals dig a well
Description: 

An animal person refuses to dig or clean a source of drinking water together with other animals or birds but takes advantage of the results of the work




Motif

m118


Name_eng: 
Source of values is destroyed imprudently
Description: 

Person or animal gets access to values that are inside an animal, a tree, a rock or other enclosure. Later he himself or more often somebody else tries to do the same but destroys source of values, blocks access to it or makes it too dangerous




Motif

m119


Name_eng: 
Demonstrated many times
Description: 

Trickster suggests to be a nurse or a shepherd, kills and eats children or animals, demonstrates to the parent (the owner) one and the same child or animal as many times as was their number in the beginning




Motif

m124


Name_eng: 
A bull’s tail
Description: 

Person buries a tail or head of a bull or other domestic animal with a tail or horns outside. He explains that the animal sank into the ground and usually asks the others to pull the tail (horns). When they are “torn off”, he tells that people are guilty of the animal being lost




Motif

m127c


Name_eng: 
Frightened without reason
Description: 

An animal person mistakes an object abandoned by chance or intentionally for an evidence of a danger and behaves inadequately




Motif

m138


Name_eng: 
Human and animal life spans are readjusted
Description: 

God originally gives 20 or 30 years to everybody. Some animals refuse some of their years because of their sufferings. Man wants to have more years and takes them from the animals




Motif

m156


Name_eng: 
The ungrateful one returned to captivity
Description: 

An (animal) person saves a dangerous animal from a snare or the like. The saved one is going to kill his savior but the third person saves the second (usually tricks the first one to captivity again)




Motif

m157


Name_eng: 
The impossible giving birth
Description: 

Person claims that a man or a male animal had given birth (or is menstruating) or that a female gave birth to a young of another species or that a woman gave birth to an animal




Motif

m158


Name_eng: 
Tops or buts
Description: 

Two animals (an animal and a person, an ogre and a person, etc.) agree to divide a crop in such a way that one would take what is above the ground and another what is beneath ground. One of them (several times makes a wrong choice (takes turnip tops and wheat roots)




Motif

m169


Name_eng: 
Medicine for the sick lion
Description: 

In the presence of powerful person one of his subjects is plotting against the other. The other answers that the problem can be resolved if the first one would be maimed (usually a part of his body used as a medicine). The schemer is killed or injured




Motif

m172


Name_eng: 
The hare makes the lion his horse
Description: 

To demonstrate that a strong animal is his slave or his riding animal, a weak animal tricks the strong one to carry him. People believe that the strong one is really a slave of the weak one




Motif

m182


Name_eng: 
The tarbaby
Description: 

The (animal) person threatens another to beat him and sticks to him with all his limbs in succession. Usually it is a figure smeared with some sticky substance that the person takes for somebody alive




Motif

e9c


Name_eng: 
Ungulate animal-wife
Description: 

A man marries a woman who initially has guise of an ungulate animal (buffalo, elk, derr, etc.)




Motif

l33g


Name_eng: 
Rock with a beard
Description: 

A tree, a creature in a tree, a rock, etc. kills (severely injures) everyone who climbes it, names it in a certain way, etc. Person provokes others to do it and devours the killed ones. The last of the invited ones deceives the provoker




Motif

j23


Name_eng: 
A late son kills monsters
Description: 

People (elder brothers, elder siblings, elder sister) disappear (one by one). A lonely woman has a baby or finds a baby or she becomes pregnant magically and gives birth to a boy or twins. The boy grows up, exterminates the antagonists, usually revives and releases those who had disappeared




Motif

k8a


Name_eng: 
Jonah: swallowed by monster
Description: 

Person gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)




Motif

l110


Name_eng: 
The devourer
Description: 

A demonic being swallows a multitude of people and animals. When it is killed and cut open, the swallowed ones come out alive or are revived




Motif

k25a1


Name_eng: 
Magic wife finds her clothes
Description: 

Magic wife abandons her mortal husband when she finds her clothes (often, her feathers if she is a bird-woman), makes herself the new clothes, receives them from her kin or her husband gives her her clothing believing that she will not abandon him. (Versions with magic wife abandoning her husband because she feels herself offended is not alternative to the “found clothes but in most of the texts these motifs are not combined)




Motif

k27n1


Name_eng: 
Task-giver is a king or a chief
Description: 

Person who gives difficult tasks to the hero and/or person who demands the fulfillment of certain conditions from those who want to marry his daughter is a prominent figure in social hierarchy. He is a head of the socio-political unit of community or super-community level and is neither a member of the hero’s household nor a mythical being




Motif

l15h


Name_eng: 
The external soul: three or more objects one inside the other
Description: 

An object that contains the life (soul) of a person is inside two or more creatures or other objects (like an egg in a duck, a duck in a hare, etc.) or the zoomorphic soul container tries to escape and turns in succession to other animals (three or more transformations)




Motif

k140


Name_eng: 
Ostentatiously ungrateful
Description: 

Travelling with his sibling, a youth regularly kills those who help him and save him creating for himself ever more problems




Motif

m29g1


Name_eng: 
Hare or rabbit as the main trickster
Description: 

In most of the episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit. Not considered are traditions in which 1) trickster hare/rabbit is rare while other trickster (usually fox/jackal/coyote) typical; 2) Mesoamerican traditions in which episodes with trickster rabbit are not many and could be borrowed in post-Columbian time being of African origin




Motif

m56d


Name_eng: 
To fill container with flies
Description: 

Person promises to fill container with small flying creatures which are alive. When he expresses his doubts that the creatures are numerous enough to fill the container, they fly in and he closes the lid




Motif

m106


Name_eng: 
Meaningful name
Description: 

Person lies that his name is so and so. Others understand it not as a name but as a common word and behave accordingly




Motif

m106c


Name_eng: 
My name is “For the Guests”
Description: 

Person tells his companions that his name is “The Guest”, “For the Guests” etc. and eats alone all the food prepared for all of them




Motif

m91a


Name_eng: 
Simulated killing (a bag with blood)
Description: 

Person pierces a bladder with blood or red juice, simulates murder or suicide




Motif

l42b


Name_eng: 
Credulous children of the ogre
Description: 

An ogre's child or (rare) wife believes in what hero tells him (or her) and releases him. Usually the hero kills the child and puts its meat to cook in the very pot where the ogre planned to cook the hero




Motif

k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)


Name_eng: 
Competitions and difficult tasks
Description: 

Person is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life




Motif

m198


Name_eng: 
Wise brothers (the king is bastard)
Description: 

When three brothers (rare: a person) are Invited to khan (judge, king, etc.) and served delicious food, they claim that the food and drink have a taste (smell) of a corpse, dog, goat etc. and/or their host is of a low descent or a bastard. Investigation confirms that their deduction was correct




Motif

m197a


Name_eng: 
The pot has a child and dies
Description: 

A borrower returns a cattle (pot) together with a small one, claiming that the cattle gave birth to a child. He borrows the pot again but does not return it, claiming that the pot dies




Motif

m157a1


Name_eng: 
Father is giving birth
Description: 

Person proves the absurdity of the claims of another person saying that his or her father (or other man or a male animal) had given or is giving birth or is menstruating




Motif

m157a2


Name_eng: 
Bull or cart gives birth
Description: 

Person claims that a calf (colt, kid, etc.) was born (brought to the place) not by the cow (mare, etc.) of another person but by his own male animal (bull, stallion, etc.), his own animal of another species or by inanimate object (usually a cart)




Motif

e1b1


Name_eng: 
Forbidden work for daughter-in-law
Description: 

A man who had married an unusual girl is warned that she should avoid work or food. Some other members of his household make her violate the raboo and she dies or disappears




Motif

i46e


Name_eng: 
Rainbow sword
Description: 

Rainbow is a sword, a cutting weapon




Motif

m29w3


Name_eng: 
The lion is a failure
Description: 

Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the lion suffers a reverse, is injured or dies




Motif

a12d


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: birds
Description: 

A bird or birds attack or shade the Sun or the Moon during an eclipse or at the sunrise and sunset




Motif

m163


Name_eng: 
The precious cat
Description: 

Person gets to a country where rats or mice are a plague and receives a fortune selling a cat




Motif

m198a


Name_eng: 
Wise brothers (the strayed camel)
Description: 

Three or four brothers (rare: one man) see the track of a domestic animal and are able to deduce how it looked like (lame, had no tale, carried oil and honey, etc.) or they deduce how the man who had stolen the animal looks like




Motif

h55


Name_eng: 
Sinners in other world
Description: 

Person who visits the other world gets to see different people punished or rewarded according to their behavior when they were alive on earth




Motif

m118b


Name_eng: 
Repository inside a cow
Description: 

Penetrating into an animal, a person or other animal gets food without injuring the animal itself




Motif

k38f


Name_eng: 
The dragon-slayer
Description: 

A reptile monster demands humans (usually virgins) as a sacrifice or abducts a girl or closes sources of water. Hero kills him. Monster’s victims do not play an active part in the plot




Motif

j54a


Name_eng: 
The calf and the tiger cub
Description: 

Two women (usually female animal persons) live together, both have children, one of them kills and devours another or wants to do it. The son of the murderer kills his mother and becomes a companion of the victim's son, or the victim’s and the murderer’s children escape together




Motif

l109


Name_eng: 
The cannibal gourd
Description: 

A gourd proves to be a cannibal or grows from remains of a monster




Motif

l121a


Name_eng: 
The hunter’s secret
Description: 

A hunter can transform himself into different objects. His demonic wife tries to identify them and kill the hunter




Motif

j58a


Name_eng: 
Three magicians at the bank of a river
Description: 

Each of three companions uses his own magic way to cross a river




Motif

k38d1


Name_eng: 
A girl sacrificed to a dragon
Description: 

To appease a water monster (water spirits, gods) or to put an end to the drought or flood, a girl is sacrificed or descends into the water by her own will




Motif

j21


Name_eng: 
Birth from eggs
Description: 

Gods, first people or founders of the royal lineages are born from eggs




Motif

b98c


Name_eng: 
The bat is deceived by God
Description: 

The sky deity could cure the mother or child of the bat but did not do it and they have died




Motif

l14


Name_eng: 
Reared up serpent
Description: 

A small creature (often a worm or a reptile) is brought home and reared up or it becomes to live by itself in an artificial body of water. When big, it goes out of human control or becomes something huge and/or dangerous. Cf. motif L13A (The reared up monster attacks people)




Motif

l65b3


Name_eng: 
The escape on the tree
Description: 

Persons climbs a tree and thanks to this escapes from a demon (who usually tries to fell the tree)




Motif

k176


Name_eng: 
A man in search of the woman
Description: 

A (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife




Motif

a6


Name_eng: 
The Sun and the Moon are females
Description: 

Both the Sun and the Moon are considered to be females (incl. cases when the gender is not directly specified but both emerge from parts of the body of a female person)




Motif

a4


Name_eng: 
Female sun
Description: 

The Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female




Motif

j54


Name_eng: 
The last female survives
Description: 

Animals of particular species that were enemies of the heroes are exterminated besides the only pregnant female (rare a female and a male). Thanks to this, these animals still exist




Motif

c18


Name_eng: 
Luring out the hidden Sun
Description: 

Person who incarnates or owns the sun hides himself or herself or is hidden. To return or to get heath and light, his or her interest is attracted or diverted by way of singing, dancing, playing music, provocative behavior, offering of unusual gifts, sex or alcohol




Motif

k25


Name_eng: 
Magic wife
Description: 

A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world




Motif

a7


Name_eng: 
The sun pursues the moon
Description: 

The Sun and the Moon are two persons one of which is pursuing another in the sky or pursued him or her when they were rising to the sky from the earth




Motif

a14a


Name_eng: 
The conflict between the Sun and the Moon
Description: 

The Sun and the Moon are or were enemies, either permanently or in particular situations




Motif

e5c


Name_eng: 
People from the sky
Description: 

The first people or first anthropomorphic divine beings descend to earth from the sky.




Motif

h56


Name_eng: 
The prohibited fruit (origin of death)
Description: 

After eating certain fruit, berry, tuber, etc. people become mortal (cf. motif F97: people become sexually aware)




Motif

j23c


Name_eng: 
Youngest brother kills monsters
Description: 

People (elder brothers, elder siblings, elder sister) disappear (one by one). A lonely woman has a baby or finds a baby or she becomes pregnant magically and gives birth to a boy. The boy grows up, exterminates the antagonists, usually revives and releases those who had disappeared




Motif

l15h1


Name_eng: 
Person’s soul is in the egg
Description: 

An object that contains certain person’s soul / death is inside other object, the latter is in the third one (etc.). The last receptacle of the life is an egg





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Cherokee
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Macedonians
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Komi (Zyrians and Permyaks)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Nahuan groups of Puebla and Huasteca after AD1900
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Yokuts
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Pawnee
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Nanai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Early Chinese written sources
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Miao (Hmong) and Yao of Southern China
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Chagga (Jagga; incl Wasu), Pare, Digo

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 7 Tradition:
Northern Gur (Oti-Volta): Mamprussi, Dagomba, Dagari (Dagara; incl Lodaga), Bassari, Mosi, Nankanse, Konkomba, Moba; Ditammari, Nyende, Bulsa (pl Builsa, Bulo)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Hausa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Wolof
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Dan (=Gio), Guro (=Kweni, incl Gagu, Neio), Toura, Mano, Ngere, Beng, Guro
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Mandjak, Mankanya, Pepel, Balant, Felupe, Diola (Jola)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Fula (=Fulbe, Fulani, Pular)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kpelle (incl Kono)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Krache (Kraci); Ga; Adele
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Zaghawa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Mukulu (Mokilko)