Dusun, Murut, Kelabit, Tombonuwo, Bajau, Tidong, Rungus



Tradition title rus: 
Северо-восток Борнео: дусун, мурут, келабит, томбонуво, баджау, тидонг, рунгус
Areal ID: 
6.4.4.3
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
92.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
55.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a2Several sunsIn a certain time in the past three or more suns were on the sky simultaneously
a2aThe sun is a source of distructive heatThe world was or will be (almost) burned when several suns had (will) appear(ed) simultaneously; or the only sun was too hot (or bright)
a2a1The Moon was as bright as the SunInitially, the Moon was as bright and hot as the Sun
a2bExtra suns and moons annihilatedOther suns or moons besides present ones had been in the sky and were later annihilated
a37The Sun is attacked with weaponsPerson intentionally and with special equipment (usually shooting arrows) attacks the Sun (or several suns if they were many)
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b1Two male creatorsTwo male anthropomorphic creators compete in producing things. One of them is or becomes master of the underworld and/or spirits while another is associated with humans
b118One who remained on earth turns into the owlPerson who was unable to ascend to the sky or had returned from the sky to the earth turned into the owl
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b2cThe earth is a human body, is born by the woman The earth, elements of the landscape or the fertile soil are the transformed body of a person or the earth (islands) were born by a woman
b2dMarriage of the sky and the earthThe male Sky (the Sun, the Thunder, the creator of the sky) marries the female Earth (or its female creator) or the female Sky marries the male Earth
b30bMurdered person turns into game animalsDifferent game animals emerge from remains of a murdered person
b3aPrimeval watersWater is the original element, the dry earth appears later
b3eEarth falls on watersIn the beginning there are only air and water. 1) Person descends from the sky, creates the dry land or a hard support created for her or him grows into the earth. 2) The earth is sent or dropped from the sky, put on the surface of the water. 3) The earth is brought from somewhere (not from the underworld) and put on the water
b52cEarth bigger than skyWhen the earth was created it proved to be bigger than the sky and had to be squeezed. This way mountains or swamps have appeared
b5bThe universal motherWoman (alone or with her companion) gives birth to or creates not only people but also different creatures and objects
b74bThe marriage of the owl and the MoonThe (proposed) marriage of the owl and the Moon broke up or has never been realized
b77Primeval sky close to earthOriginally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up
b77aGiant pushed the sky upOne or several (animal)-persons push sky up to its present height
b9Water in the tree trunkThere is enormous amount of water inside a trunk of a tree or a tree turns into water
c19Acquisition of the sunThe Sun (the day light) that was absent, stolen or hidden appears (again)
c23Tree eclipses sky-lightGrowth and falling of giant tree defines the condition of the sky with luminaries on it (tree eclipses the light of the sun, can destroy the sky, tears the sun off the sky, etc.)
c4aThe flood: survival in a treeDuring the flood some persons survive in a tree
c8The couple of close relations originates the mankindIn the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister, mother and son, or father and daughters are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents
c8aaBrother and sister beget the peopleIn the beginning of time or after the natural disaster brother and sister are the only human beings. They marry and the present day people are their descendents
d13eHunters laugh at killed animalsHunters perish because they were laughing at the killed (and revived) animal
d4e1The dog and the fireDog obtains fire, daylight or the Sun or steals them
e2People made for a testMaking people, creator does not reach perfection immediately. First variants of creation are rejected, then proper form and material found
e4Creation from dirt of the skinSupernatural person creates the entire earth, human or other beings of dirt taken from his or her skin, from under the nails, etc.
e5bFirst couple from the underworldFirst man (a group of brothers) or first human couple come out from the underworld (a cave) or from a small enclosure on its surface (tussock, reed, tree, rock, gourd)
e9The mysterious housekeeperPerson observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one
f76Animals teach to make lovePeople learn to copulate after they see birds, fish or animals doing it
g15Plant maidensIn the other world or in the time of the ancestors food products or materials used by people looked as persons
g20Woman turns into plantsFood crops emerge from remains of a woman or girl
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
g23bAlive being turns into nationsDifferent body parts of a being turn into people of different ethnic affiliation or such people receive their names and characteristics according to body parts that they got
g6Primeval treeOne of the trees is the principal, original one (emerged before all the other; ancestor of wild or cultivated plants; ocean or rivers inside it; world axis; higher than all the others; overshadows sky)
g7Blunt axesAncestors try to fell a tree (more rare a high rock) that has different useful fruits on its branchs (on its top) or contains water and fish in its tunck. The notch disappears as soon as the woodcutters abandon their work for a while or periodically
h11The call of GodPeople become mortal because they do not hear or answer a call of a being who promises them immortality (or do not pronounce his name) or answer a call (pronouns the name) of a being who brings death
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h4The shed skinThose who change their skin become young again
h42Creator goes away for a whileAfter creating the bodies of the first people or after getting a conception how to do it the Creator goes away for a while. During his absence another person, because of his or her ignorance or intentionally, spoils the creation or makes himself or herself what the Creator would make in a better way. Usually because of this people are mortal and subject to diseases
h46aThe dog and the spikeProperties of the cereals (usually the size of the spike) are defined by what the dog did in time of creation
h5People and snakesReptiles or invertebrates possess the medicine of immortality; are contrasted with men as immortal with mortals and/or are responsible for originating of death; or a snake's bite inflicts the first death
h9Strong and weakPeople are mortal because they have been likened to something subject to decay and easy destruction (e.g. to the soft wood and not to the stone)
i104Stars are fragmentsStars are fragments of a bigger luminary (usually the Moon); or stars, the sun and the moon are formed from one and the same primeval person or creature
i125The Hiades are a jaw-boneThe Hyades are a jaw bone or a head of a big animal or anthropomorphic creature
i35bThe bronze skySky is made of metal. The technique of its creation reminds the work of a smith
i39Rainbow road or bridgeRainbow is a road, a bridge or a ladder
i45bNot to point at the rainbowIt to point at the rainbow, pointing finger or entire arm will rot, wither or become crooked
i8iOriginal earth unstableOriginally the earth was unstable and swung, then it was fixed up
j17Frogs in hairInstead of lice, there are other (bigger or dangerous) creatures in the hair of some persons or he or she pretends that his or her hair is infested with them
j49Moon’s wife cannot follow himThe Moon's wife or sister tries to follow him to the sky but is unable to do it
k103Helpful cowCow (ox, bull) helps an orphan child or a young woman who got into trouble
k176A man in search of the womanA (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
k24Stolen clothes of supernatural womanWomen (rare: men) who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons; rare: a girl of higher social status than the hero) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a person hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him (rare: her)
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k25a1Magic wife finds her clothesMagic wife abandons her mortal husband when she finds her clothes (often, her feathers if she is a bird-woman), makes herself the new clothes, receives them from her kin or her husband gives her her clothing believing that she will not abandon him. (Versions with magic wife abandoning her husband because she feels herself offended is not alternative to the “found clothes but in most of the texts these motifs are not combined)
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27hhTo sort grainA task: to sort a large amount or small particles of different kind (usually seeds of different plants) mixed in container or to count such particles or to pick up the spilled grains
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27n1Task-giver is a king or a chiefPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero and/or person who demands the fulfillment of certain conditions from those who want to marry his daughter is a prominent figure in social hierarchy. He is a head of the socio-political unit of community or super-community level and is neither a member of the hero’s household nor a mythical being
k27n3bTask-giver lives in the sky but is not the Sun, Moon, Thunder or WindPerson who gives difficult tasks or tests to the hero or heroine lives in the sky but is not associated with the Sun, Moon, Thunder or Wind
k27rTo visit the world of the deadA task: to bring object or news from the land of the dead
k27r1The burnt person proves to be unharmedThe antagonist believes that the hero was burned but returned from the other world alive and prosperous therefore he asks burn him (her) or his representatives
k27sContest: a raceContest: a race
k27xFormer husband of magic wifeA man marries a non-human woman. In her world, she has another husband or suitor. She returns to her world, human husband follows her. He stands tests and/or fights with local inhabitants, gets his wife back
k27x3The man persecuted because of his beautiful brideA powerful person coverts a beautiful bride or wife of a man and gives him impossible tasks to get rid of him
k27x9To bring an object from the sea bottomThe hero must bring a small object (often a finger ring) from the bottom of a deep waterbody (often the sea)
k56The kind and the unkind girlsOne of (step)sisters, co-spouses or young female neighbors meets a being that is able to reward and to punish. She behaves herself properly and is rewarded. Another (other) girl comes to the same being but behaves in a wrong way and is punished (not rewarded).
k56a8An animal is taken for a bridegroom by mistakeA girl marries an animal (brings it with her), it turns into a handsome man. Another girl tries to do the same but perishes or suffers a reverse
k56a8dGirl devoured by a pythonA girl agrees to marry a serpent, it turns into handsome man. Another girl (or her mother or father) herself brings a serpent home or wants a serpent to marry her but it kills her
k56bThe worthy man is rewarded, the unworthy punishedFirst one, then another man meets a powerful person or persons. The first man is worthy and rewarded with treasure, prestige or the like. The second man (or two men) follows him, behaves in a wrong way and is punished
k56d1Treasure in a pumpkinMan finds treasure in a pumpkin (water melon) that was (or which seeds were) presented to him
l108The wolf and the kidsAn (animal) person gives a signal (special song, etc.) to his relative or friend who lets him or her in. Antagonist imitates the person's voice or guise and the relative lets him in
l112Complete body obtainedA boy is born having only half of a body or only a head. Ultimately he obtains normal body
l53Stones into the mawA monstrous being is killed or neutralized by (burning hot) stones (pieces of metal, heavy fruits, etc.) thrown into its maw or anus or the being retreats when they menace to throw a stone into its maw
l85One-sided peopleOne-sided people have one leg and/or also one arm, one half of a head, etc. The second leg is not cut or burned off, preserved as a stump but is absent completely
l85aOne-sided childPerson is born as half of a child or loses his or her half in an accident. The person does not belong to any category of supernatural beings and usually turns into normal girl or young man
l85b1After coming to the sky, the lad gets a normal bodyA lad with incomplete or grotesque body becomes normal after coming to the sky (coming to God, getting back to the earth)
m114Rope of sandPerson is suggested to twist (or he really twists) a rope or make other object of sand, ash, smoke, etc.
m131Biting tree-rootA stronger (animal)-person gets to seize a leg or tail of a weaker one. To get free the weaker one pretends that his pursuer got hold of a tree root, and the pursuer lets his enemy free
m143Fox in a wellGetting into a well or pit and being unable to climb out animal person tricks another to descend and thanks to this gets out while the second person remains below
m144The wasp nest as king’s drumOne animal person gets to convince another that dangerous or disgusting objects are attractive and delicious (a wasp nest is a drum, a snake is a girdle, a heap of dung is a delicacy, etc.)
m23Mock pleaPerson or creature pretends to be afraid of a particular sort of treatment that really cannot do him any harm
m29oTrickster is a monkeyIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is a monkey
m29vThe duiker (mouse-deer) wins thanks to his smartnessBeing smart and witty, a small ungulate overcomes strong adversaries. The hero is a duiker, a mouse-deer or other small even-toed ungulates that are not very close biologically but look similar. In some publications on African folklore it is difficult to say what species is meant in particular case
m3Chain of animalsPerson crosses a water or air space along the chain of many animals, birds or fish
m31Trickster thrown into the waterAnimal person who cannot swim asks a good swimmer to carry him. The latter agrees only to throw his rider into the water
m3aCounting water animalsAnimal who does not swim well suggests animals who live in water to count their number. For this, they should make a chain and he would run along it. It is but a trick to cross a body of water
m5aPassengers of the sinking canoeSmall animals ride a canoe, it sinks, all try to save their lives in their own way


Warning! The followed motifs has no type selected:
k56a8d

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