Japan AD 700-1700



Tradition title rus: 
Japan AD 700-1700
Areal ID: 
10.3.2.4
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
83.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
55.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a36The immortal MoonThe Moon, unlike people, revives or rejuvenates every month; or those who live in the Moon are immortal; or the Moon makes decision if people should die forever or regularly revive
a4Female sunThe Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female
a46The Sun and Moon emerge from the eyes of a beingThe Sun and Moon (Rig-Veda: the Sun only) appear from eyes of an anthropomorphic being
a46aThe Sun and Moon are eyes of a deityThe Sun and Moon (Rig-Veda: the Sun only) are associated with eyes of an anthropomorphic being (the motif of their emergence, creation from his eyes is not obligatory)
b2cThe earth is a human body, is born by the woman The earth, elements of the landscape or the fertile soil are the transformed body of a person or the earth (islands) were born by a woman
b3bEarth grows bigOriginal earth was small and later increased in size or the fertile soil grew from a small amount of original substance
b3eEarth falls on watersIn the beginning there are only air and water. 1) Person descends from the sky, creates the dry land or a hard support created for her or him grows into the earth. 2) The earth is sent or dropped from the sky, put on the surface of the water. 3) The earth is brought from somewhere (not from the underworld) and put on the water
b4The fished out earthIslands or continent are fished out of the ocean or pulled to their present place by rope
b5aTwo creators: a dialogueIn the beginning of time, a male and a female persons meet each other and become engaged into the dialogue
b5bThe universal motherWoman (alone or with her companion) gives birth to or creates not only people but also different creatures and objects
b6A man and a woman move around a post and meet each otherThe first or the only survived man and woman move in different directions around a post, a hill, etc. When they come together they marry each other
b77Primeval sky close to earthOriginally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up
c18Luring out the hidden SunPerson who incarnates or owns the sun hides himself or herself or is hidden. To return or to get heath and light, his or her interest is attracted or diverted by way of singing, dancing, playing music, provocative behavior, offering of unusual gifts, sex or alcohol
c18aThe cock lures out the Sun from its hiding placeThe cock lures out the Sun from its hiding place or people beliefe that the Sun will not rise if the cock would not cry
d1bMale spirit of fireThe fire is personified as an elder man (alone or with his wife, mistress of fire)
d2Woman gives birth to the fireA woman gives birth to a son who is very hot (usually the fire or Sun)
d2aWoman dies giving birth to the Sun or the fireA woman gives birth to the Sun or the fire and dies because of burns
e32People born from treesFirst people are born by trees or come out of a tree, flower, reed
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
e5bFirst couple from the underworldFirst man (a group of brothers) or first human couple come out from the underworld (a cave) or from a small enclosure on its surface (tussock, reed, tree, rock, gourd)
e5cPeople from the skyThe first people or first anthropomorphic divine beings descend to earth from the sky.
e9i1Swan-wifeA man marries supernatural woman who is a swan
f30Snake paramourA woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man
f39The time of womenThe women dominated over the men in the past or in a far away land, were the active part in marriage relations, practiced activities which now are reserved of the men only. Or the women could obtained supremacy but failed to do it for some reason
f51The clandestine loverPerson who conceals his or her identity comes to his or her lover (at night). Next time, the lover puts a mark on the stranger's face, body or clothes doing this intentionally (to recognize him or her) or by chance (that leads to the identification)
f51bFollowing the threadTo get know the nature or locality of a person, another fastens a thread to his body and follows it
f7The underwater-maidenMan takes or attempts to take a wife who is connected with the underwater world (fish, crab, snake, water animal and the like)
g20Woman turns into plantsFood crops emerge from remains of a woman or girl
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
g23aAlive being turns into plantsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different plants, mostly edible or cultivated
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h12aDead woman pursues her husbandWife dies, husband comes after her or he kills his untrue wife. The dead wife turns into monster and pursues him
h12cOrpheus: to return the dead wifeHusband follows his dead wife to the other world but is unable to bring her back or succeeds to do it but loses her once again
h30A wrong choiceSeeing two women who have come together or in succession, man has to choose one of them. Usually he takes the one who is less pretty and smart or more dangerous inflicting troubles on himself and humanity
h49cFaithful falcon killedA tame bird (more rare: domestic animal) seems to be aggressive against its master (usually a falcon knocks the cup from the hand of a thirsty king). The master kills the bird (animal) only to find that the it saved his life
h50Sky god and mistress of the deadA couple of deities or ancestors divorces. Man remains on earth or ascends to the sky, woman becomes the mistress of the dead or of the underworld
h55Sinners in other worldPerson who visits the other world gets to see different people punished or rewarded according to their behavior when they were alive on earth
h9Strong and weakPeople are mortal because they have been likened to something subject to decay and easy destruction (e.g. to the soft wood and not to the stone)
h9aWho will give birth the firstOne woman is associated with stone, another with a plant. The plant-woman gives birth the first or the stone-woman do not have children at all. That's because people have their present characteristics (are mortal, capable to speak, etc.), or offsprings of the two women are different (skillful and not, etc.)
i39Rainbow road or bridgeRainbow is a road, a bridge or a ladder
i41Rainbow serpentRainbow is a reptile (usually a snake) or (more rare) a fish, or it is related to snake, to its tongue, breath, or to scorpion's tail
i45aNot to point at the Moon or a starPerson who points at the Moon or a star or looks intently at them will get sick or die or his pointing finger will rot or wither
i62Milky Way is a riverMilky Way is a sky river, water body, chain of beings that swim
i70Water reptile on plants on its backTrees or reeds grow on the back of a monstrous reptile
i88Animal with many tailsThere is a zoomorphic being with many tails
i99The Pleiades are boys or menThe Pleiades are a group of boys or men, or a group of different people but predominantly males
j17Frogs in hairInstead of lice, there are other (bigger or dangerous) creatures in the hair of some persons or he or she pretends that his or her hair is infested with them
j21Birth from eggsGods, first people or founders of the royal lineages are born from eggs
k167The children's kingA boy who plays making believe that he is a king demonstrates wisdom and/or magic capacities
k168An illusory life as long as a secondPerson gets to live a long life rich in events but eventually finds himself in the same place and moment from which the story begins.
k18Infant picks out his unknown fatherA boy is born whose father or (rare) mother is unknown. He himself points at his parent who as a rule occupies the lowest social position. Usually many men (women) come together and everyone hopes that the boy points at him (her)
k18aaPregnancy because of the non-sexual contactA girl becomes pregnant without her knowledge thanks to the contact with body liquids of a male person or with objects touched by him (not because of the normal sexual contact, or a wish expressed by the father of her future child, or her mistical contact with a deity). The happy marriage of the girl with her child’s father follows
k24Stolen clothes of supernatural womanWomen (rare: men) who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons; rare: a girl of higher social status than the hero) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a person hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him (rare: her)
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k25a1Magic wife finds her clothesMagic wife abandons her mortal husband when she finds her clothes (often, her feathers if she is a bird-woman), makes herself the new clothes, receives them from her kin or her husband gives her her clothing believing that she will not abandon him. (Versions with magic wife abandoning her husband because she feels herself offended is not alternative to the “found clothes but in most of the texts these motifs are not combined)
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27dOrdeal: chamber with dangerous beingsAn ordeal: to remain alive in a closed room full of beasts of prey, poisonous or other dangerous creatures
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k29aSurviving in a fireHero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation
k38fThe dragon-slayerA reptile monster demands humans (usually virgins) as a sacrifice or abducts a girl or closes sources of water. Hero kills him. Monster’s victims do not play an active part in the plot
k58aWater in exchange for lovePerson makes water or fish available only if girl agrees to marry him and does not do it if the girl is unwilling
k65bHumans and spiritsSpirits or unpleasant animals (reptiles, worms, etc.) are (often: concealed from the eyes of God or deformed) children or miscarriages of the same human couple or the same primeval ancestor who produced first human beings
k65dWrong marriage ritual and the birth of spiritsThe primeval couple is married. First wife has miscarriages or gives birth to spirits, worms or other unpleasant animals. Later, usually after the proper marriage ceremony is organized, she becomes to give birth to real human beings or gods
l103Obstacle flight (Atalanta type)Treasure, or the like, is thrown back to tempt pursuer to delay
l105Invisible missileAnimal, fish or person wounded by hero runs or swims away, usually with the man's projectile in his or her body. Local doctors are not able to cure the wound (usually because they do not see the projectile). The hero or his companion comes to the place where the wounded one lives and cures him or her (usually extracting his projectile from the wound)
l106Lost object claimed backAn antagonist makes a demand to the hero which is correct in form but really is unjustified. The hero fulfills the claims or is punished. Now antagonist takes an object or animal possessed by the hero, is unable to give it back and is punished
l13The reared up monsterA small creature is reared up by people. When it is grown up, it becomes harmful and dangerous
l14Reared up serpentA small creature (often a worm or a reptile) is brought home and reared up or it becomes to live by itself in an artificial body of water. When big, it goes out of human control or becomes something huge and/or dangerous. Cf. motif L13A (The reared up monster attacks people)
l19aBeings with even number of headsBeings (any besides birds) with even but not more than ten number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. Beings that with even number of heads named in a row with other multi-headed beings and the highest number is even or bigger than ten are not considered
l40Reflection and shadowPerson discovers (rare:still fails to discover) another getting to see his or her shadow or reflection in water
l72aComb becomes a thicketRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws a comb (a brush) that turns into mighty obstacle (usually a thicket) on the way of the pursuer. (In South America the motif is probably of European origin)
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m110The forgotten liverAn animal is tricked to be carried across the water by those who are going to eat or to use as a medicine a part of its body. The animal tells that forgot to take just that part which is needed, is carried back to take it, escapes
m116Wisdom of hidden old man saves kingdomPeople are ordered to kill their fathers or (rare) mothers (the Nyoro: to deprive them of power and property; the Baluch: not to take them setting off for the journey). An old man concealed by his son helps to resolve difficult problem
m195aWhich end of a stick is a butt?Person sends a long object that looks identical from each end or is inside a box. Another person is smart enough to give a correct answer
m195cSmart or lucky one solves problemsPersons of high status cannot reveal the hidden difference between two or more objects or creatures (or two sides of an objects of creature) which look similar. A smart or lucky person of lower status does it
m29gTrickster-hare or rabbitIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit
m29g1Hare or rabbit as the main tricksterIn most of the episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit. Not considered are traditions in which 1) trickster hare/rabbit is rare while other trickster (usually fox/jackal/coyote) typical; 2) Mesoamerican traditions in which episodes with trickster rabbit are not many and could be borrowed in post-Columbian time being of African origin
m3Chain of animalsPerson crosses a water or air space along the chain of many animals, birds or fish
m3aCounting water animalsAnimal who does not swim well suggests animals who live in water to count their number. For this, they should make a chain and he would run along it. It is but a trick to cross a body of water
m46bA stratagem: baby born by womanPerson turns into tiny object or creature. Touching or swallowing it, the woman conceives and gives birth to a baby-boy. The boy steals valuables or make love to the woman
m5Provoked insultBeing in a situation when his life depends on a good will of a demon or animal, person either resists or does not resist the temptation to insult or to beat, bite, etc. the latter
m60aA hunter comes to one whom he woundedAn animal or a supernatural creature is wounded but escapes. Local doctors are helpless. The hero or his companion, masked as a doctor, comes to the wounded one and either cures or kills him.


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Machiguenga
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Tacana
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Ashaninca (Campa)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Mindanao: Blaan (Bilaan), Bagobo, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Hiligáynon, Binukid, Magindaan (=Magindanao: main Muslim population), Mandaya, Mansaka, Manobo (Agusan, Ata, Dibabawon, Sarangani, Ilianen), Maranao, Subanon (=Subanun), Subanen, Tboli
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Sora (Savara, Saora), Parenga
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Shuar, Achuar (Shiwiar)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Navajo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Mansi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kogi (Cagaba), Sanha, Creols of Aritama Valley
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Garo (Atchik), Kachari (Bodo, incl. Lalung), Dimasa, Tripuri, Riang (of Tripura), Khami, Riga, Mori

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Japanese folklore outside of Ryukyu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Anatolia Turks
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Central Tibetans (Yu Tsang, incl. Sikkim Tibetans, Tichurong of NW Nepal)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Kazakh
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Buryats: Western (Cis-Baikal)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Mongols (Khalkha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Koreans; Goguryeo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Arabs of Iraq
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kirghiz
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Oirats (incl Torgouts, Derbets, Oilots)