Papua–New Guinea Southern Lowland Papuan groups (Trans New Guinea and unclassified): Gimi, Kiwai, Bina, Mawabula, Mawatta, Keraki, Gambadi (incl. Kwavaru), Purari River delta, Masingara, Wiram (=Suki), Ngain, Daga, Elema



Tradition title rus: 
Трансновогвинейские и неклассифицированные группы папуа низменных районов Папуа-Новой Гвинеи к югу от водораздела: киваи, бина, масингле, мавабула, дага, дельта Пурари (=намау); кераки, гамбади (вкл. квавару), вирам (=суки), масингара, маватта, элема
Areal ID: 
7.1.2.3
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
68.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
50.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a21Luminaries are objects fixed in the skyThe sun and/or the moon are inanimate objects thrown up to the sky or fixed in the sky
a21aThe released MoonThe Moon is an object which its owners released by chance or which was stolen from them and ultimately ascended to the sky
a35Spots on the lunar discDark spots on the lunar disc are dirt, blood, paint, traces of beating, burning, scratching, etc. on the Moon person's body or face (Kiliwa: spots on the Sun) and do not form any particular figure
a4Female sunThe Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
a7The sun pursues the moonThe Sun and the Moon are two persons one of which is pursuing another in the sky or pursued him or her when they were rising to the sky from the earth
a7aTorches in hands of celestial bodiesLight of the Sun (Moon, Venus) is a torch in hands of the celestial body
b12Rivers and snakesThe river bed follows the way of a snake, fish, dragon or crab; pieces of the snake’s body turn into rivers; a river is a snake
b13aStream follows personA stream of water (with a monster in it) pursues person who tries to escape from it
b36aTwo creatures decorate each otherTwo zoomorphic personages decorates each other or somebody decorates each of them
b38The ruined paintingPerson paints birds or animals or they paint each other. Some of them are not satisfied with the result
b38aTwo birds decorate each otherTwo birds decorate each other, one becomes worse than it was before
b41The talking dogBecause the dog was spreading some information, altercated with its masters, was talking in a wrong time, etc. it lost the ability to speak
b41aAnimal reveals master’s secretsThe dog or other domestic animal speaks aloud about those details of its masters' life that they would prefer to conceal. He is punished by depriving his ability to speak
b54Chips turn into fishChips of wood, branches or pieces of bark thrown or fallen into the water turn into fish and/or aquatic animals
b55Leaves are fishFish grows on branches of a tree or leaves of a tree turn into fish
b77Primeval sky close to earthOriginally the sky was close to the earth, then it has risen up
b9Water in the tree trunkThere is enormous amount of water inside a trunk of a tree or a tree turns into water
d10Fire sticks are two personsA male and a female persons personify fire-sticks
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
d4e1The dog and the fireDog obtains fire, daylight or the Sun or steals them
d4lFire from the skyFirst fire is sent to earth from the sky or the ancestors ascend to the sky and bring from there fire or warmth
d5Woman as the owner of the fireFemale person is the owner or inventor (but not the personification) of the fire
d6aFire and crocodileCrocodile or cayman is an original or temporary owner of fire or lighting
e11The burned skinMagic person reveals his true nature and/or remains with the real people after the object responsible for preserving the non-human appearance (usually an animal skin) is destroyed (usually burned)
e32People born from treesFirst people are born by trees or come out of a tree, flower, reed
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
e5bFirst couple from the underworldFirst man (a group of brothers) or first human couple come out from the underworld (a cave) or from a small enclosure on its surface (tussock, reed, tree, rock, gourd)
e8aPeople from the fruitsWomen or people in general come out of the fruits (orten the coconuts) or (more rare) leaves of the cocos palm spontaneously turn into women
f26Origin of menses: sacred objects lostThe transition of sacred sound instruments (bull-roarers, big trumpets, etc.) from women to men is connected with beginning of menses among the women
f30Snake paramourA woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man
f38Women and sacred knowledgeWomen were possessors of the sacred knowledge, sanctuaries or ritual objects which are now taboo for them or they made attempts to acquire such a knowledge or objects
f40bA man in a village of womenA man gets into the village of women. Usually he has to satisfy every woman against his will or every woman claims him for herself
f43aThe women kill the menThe women of the ancestral community kill, try to kill or transform the men
f45The AmazonsThere are (or were) women who live apart from men in their own village or villages
f55What do you want?A woman cannot understand what does her partner want. She points at, names or suggests different things. At last she points at, names or exposes her genitals. This is the right answer
f56Watching vagina triggers incestA man or boy thinks about incest when he gets to see his daughter(-in-law)'s, sister's, or mother(in-law)'s vagina
f7The underwater-maidenMan takes or attempts to take a wife who is connected with the underwater world (fish, crab, snake, water animal and the like)
f8Women and men come togetherInitially women and men live apart from each other. Later they meet each other and become to live together
f9A dangerous womanFor different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man
f9aVagina dentataThere are teeth, blades or sharp stones in woman’s genitals, vagina is the biting mouth. (Only texts that are believed to correspond to reality are considered but not anecdotes and jokes)
h35Fragile teethHuman teeth are made of material subject to easy damage (etiology of tooth ache in most cases)
i108The Pleiades are a personThe Pleiades are only one anthropomorphic being, not several persons
i19People inhale the odor of foodAnthropomorphic beings satisfy their hunger cooking food and inhaling the odor
i22Objects in permanent movementThere are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)
i22eObjects in permanent move on the way of the deadOn their way to the Beyond, souls of the dead must get between clashing rocks or other moving obstacles
i22fClashing treesPerson must go beyond relatively small objects (trees, logs, blades) which are incessantly clashing and parting, rising and falling
i27Chthonic canineA dog is the lord, guard or guide of/to the land of the dead; or dogs live on the way to the land of the dead
i41Rainbow serpentRainbow is a reptile (usually a snake) or (more rare) a fish, or it is related to snake, to its tongue, breath, or to scorpion's tail
i82bVenus is femaleMorning and/or Evening Star is a female personage
j64Person moves on clouds of smokeNot being burned in a fire, person ascends to the sky or gets across a river on clouds of smoke
k16To get access to a girl in guise of a bird or an animalDisguised as a bird, small animal or insect, a man penetrates into the place of a girl (into her father’s house)
k17The ornitomorphic suitorAn ornitomorphic hero impregnates a girl magically or imperceptibly for her
k3Tree or rock grows tallerHero climbs up a tree or rock to get eggs, nestlings, fruits, honey, etc. Another person makes the tree (rock) grow higher or thicker and the hero is unable to descend back
k31Wooden sealPerson makes a sea mammal or fish of wood, it carries another person or persons into the open sea or kills him or them
k32The false wifeAn ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.
k32fBird-son rescues his adopted motherAn evil spirit abandons a girl or a young woman in a tree or islet. She takes care for a nestling of bird of prey, he grows big, rescues her
k75The youngest daughter is willing (The loathsome bridegroom)A girl (usually the youngest of several sisters) does not reject but marries a poor, sick, dirty, old, too young, non-human, etc. man who later demonstrates his supernatural qualities
l107The ear-sleepersAnthropomorphic beings have huge ears (use them for blankets, umbrellas, etc.)
l20Eater of the raw meatTwo persons hunt or fish. One of them is or becomes a cannibal. He or she reveals his or her nature eating the quarry raw
l39Hero is compelled to descend from a treeWhen a person climbs a tree, a demon comes to it and carries the person away, or the person follows the demon to his world by his own will
l40Reflection and shadowPerson discovers (rare:still fails to discover) another getting to see his or her shadow or reflection in water
l42Hero carried to ogre’s homeAn ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes
l6Demon clings to personA demonic being demands that a person would carry it permanently, clings to his shoulder or back
m42Eyes: taken out of orbits and lostPerson loses his eyes because of his playfulness or negligence. He makes new eyes of some substance or/and takes eyes of another person
m44aThieves of food: the first peoplePerson discovers that somebody steals game or fish from his trap or devastates his garden. He or his guards catch the thieves who prove to be the first humans beings or the first men
m8Breaking the obstacleNon-human persons work hard to destroy a strong and durable obstacle that blocks access to some place or object
m8aBirds peck a rock to release prisonersBirds and sometimes also animals work hard to break from the outside or from the inside a rock, a tree truck, bonds, etc. to release some beings or themselves from confinement in a small enclosure or trap


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Paresi
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Melanesians of Admiralty Islands (incl Manus); Seimat (Western Islands)
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Arnhem Land: Enindhilyagwa (Groote Eilandt), KuTiwi, Yulengor, Mara, Oenpelli, Murngin, Roper River, Maung, Murinbata, Murngin (Duwal), Millingimbi, Goulburn Island, Ngulugwongga, Yirrkalla, Voctoria River Downs, Alawa, Anu, Kunwinjku
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Melanesians of the northern coast New Guinea, nearest off-shore islands and Huon Gulf (Morobe district): Watut, Bilbil (Bilibili), Jabim (incl Kai), Tami, Bukawac, Wogeo, Tumleo, Yakamul, Manam, Sissano, Sio
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Kuna; XVI century data on Eastern Panama
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Letuama, Tanimuca, Ufaina, Yahuna
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Baniwa (incl. Wakuenai), Bare, Piapoco, Curripaco, Siusi, Guarikena
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Chumash
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Barasana, Taibano, Macuna
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Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Mataco
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Paresi
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Lkungen (Straits; including Samish, Songish, Sooke, Lummi), Klallam
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Kaska
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Papua–NewGuinea Highland Papuans:Trans New Guinea & unclassified:Chimbu,Gimi,KaugelHuli,Gadsup,Kuman,Kutubu,Foi (Foe),Kyaka,Kamano (Kafe),Mawatta,Kukukuku (=Anga,=Sambia;Manki,Nauti,Ejuti),Baruya,Kewa,Tembregak,Menya,Melpa,Wiru,Pondoma
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Toba (incl Pilaga)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Chamacoco (Ishir)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Upper Chinook: Wasco, Wishram, Clackamas, Kathlamet
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tagish
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Navajo