Chumash



Tradition title rus: 
Чумаш
Areal ID: 
12.6.5.7
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
70.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
37.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a3


Name_eng: 
Male sun and female moon
Description: 

The Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male




Motif

a12


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: monster’s attack
Description: 

Some creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light




Motif

a12d


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: birds
Description: 

A bird or birds attack or shade the Sun or the Moon during an eclipse or at the sunrise and sunset




Motif

a17


Name_eng: 
The Sun’s relax at the midday
Description: 

After passing half of the its way across the sky (in the day time) or in the underworld (in the night time), the Sun stops to have a rest




Motif

a22c


Name_eng: 
Person sacrificed to the Sun
Description: 

To make the Sun rise above the horizon, to send him to the right distance from the earth, to make him move across the sky, etc. a person has to be sacrificed




Motif

a42


Name_eng: 
Phaethon: false Sun fails to fulfill his duty
Description: 

Person comes to the sun, attempts to fulfill the sun's duty but intentionally or because of a lack of skill does it wrong and the earth suffers from heat etc.
(Cf. Earth burned because the bearer of the sun came too low, Boas 2002: 664)




Motif

b2a


Name_eng: 
The female earth
Description: 

The earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman




Motif

b13a


Name_eng: 
Stream follows person
Description: 

A stream of water (with a monster in it) pursues person who tries to escape from it




Motif

b60


Name_eng: 
Offended children abandon parents
Description: 

Children conflict with their parents who do not pay them enough attention, condemn their sexual behavior, do not give them enough food, clothes, etc.; the children abandon their parents and become birds, bats, atmospheric phenomena, or stars (usually the Pleiades)




Motif

e29


Name_eng: 
Lizard gives proper hands
Description: 

Two persons (usually Coyote and Lizard) argue if people's hand has to be like a paw or people should have fingers




Motif

f10


Name_eng: 
Vaginal teeth knocked out
Description: 

Woman has another toothed mouth (usually in vagina) or biting animals in vagina. Man inserts there a stone, bone, stick, etc. breaking or knocking out the teeth or extracting from there dangerous animals




Motif

f45


Name_eng: 
The Amazons
Description: 

There are (or were) women who live apart from men in their own village or villages




Motif

f63


Name_eng: 
Trickster poses as woman and marries man
Description: 

A male person turns into woman and marries a man. He is either unmasked or abandons his "husband" by his own will




Motif

h12


Name_eng: 
The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s death
Description: 

The alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks




Motif

h24


Name_eng: 
Container opened too early
Description: 

Container with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear




Motif

h27


Name_eng: 
Mosquitoes let lose
Description: 

Stinging insects (rare diseases) had been inside a container or some enclosure. They escaped to the world when the container or enclosure was foolishly opened




Motif

i3


Name_eng: 
Weapon of Thunder
Description: 

The lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being




Motif

i19


Name_eng: 
People inhale the odor of food
Description: 

Anthropomorphic beings satisfy their hunger cooking food and inhaling the odor




Motif

i22


Name_eng: 
Objects in permanent movement
Description: 

There are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)




Motif

i25


Name_eng: 
The bribed guards
Description: 

Way to the place of a certain person is guided by dangerous creatures (which often stand on the both sides of the pathway). Person placates them by gifts or nice talk, and they let him or her go the both ways, sometimes being punished for this by their master




Motif

i44


Name_eng: 
Chthonic serpent
Description: 

Giant serpent lies on the perimeter of the earth or supports the earth




Motif

i65


Name_eng: 
Milky Way of the dead
Description: 

Milky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession




Motif

i82b


Name_eng: 
Venus is female
Description: 

Morning and/or Evening Star is a female personage




Motif

i93


Name_eng: 
Milky Way is the backbone
Description: 

Milky Way is the backbone of the sky or of all the world




Motif

i99


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are boys or men
Description: 

The Pleiades are a group of boys or men, or a group of different people but predominantly males




Motif

i100b


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are a group of people
Description: 

The Pleiades are any people (of any ages and sex, combined data of i99-i100a)




Motif

i105


Name_eng: 
The celestial hand
Description: 

One of constellations represents a hand with fingers




Motif

j12


Name_eng: 
Travelling girl walks across suitors
Description: 

A girl (or two sisters) travel, usually in search of a proper marriage partner who lives far away or who has gone away. On her way or after reaching the place of destination the girl gets to some unpleasant suitors




Motif

j13


Name_eng: 
Two sisters
Description: 

Two sisters (if more, only two play a significant role in the plot) travel and meet an unpleasant suitor or get to an ogre




Motif

j34


Name_eng: 
Frightened grandmother
Description: 

After killing their enemy, heroes have fun frightening their (grand)mother or father with its dummy




Motif

j51


Name_eng: 
One piece is missing
Description: 

Person or animal is eaten up or destroyed otherwise. His bones are put together and he or it is revived. Because one bone was broken, swallowed or lost (or a drop of blood, a small piece of flesh lost), the person or animal cannot be revived or being revived misses some part of his or its body




Motif

k3


Name_eng: 
Tree or rock grows taller
Description: 

Hero climbs up a tree or rock to get eggs, nestlings, fruits, honey, etc. Another person makes the tree (rock) grow higher or thicker and the hero is unable to descend back




Motif

k27e


Name_eng: 
Eating or drinking contest
Description: 

Person or animal must eat (drink) enormous quantity of food (beverage) or eat or drink poisonous beverage or food




Motif

k27s


Name_eng: 
Contest: a race
Description: 

Contest: a race




Motif

k29a


Name_eng: 
Surviving in a fire
Description: 

Hero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation




Motif

k35


Name_eng: 
False husband
Description: 

An imposter pretends to be the hero to take his position and/or to marry or to violate his woman




Motif

k51


Name_eng: 
The deceived wife
Description: 

A Man disappears or goes away for long time. His wife sets off, comes to a house where her husband lives now or first sends her son there. She gets to know that he has married another woman




Motif

k52


Name_eng: 
Rescue from the sea bottom
Description: 

When a woman or a lad comes to the sea bank, she or he is carried away by sea predators (killer-whales, sharks, swordfish). Man descends to the bottom and rescues the woman or lad using his shaman's power




Motif

k66


Name_eng: 
Extraordinary companions
Description: 

Several companions have extraordinary abilities (one who runs fast, one who eats great quantities, one who produces or can withstand severe frost, etc.); a hero comes across and takes for companions several men, each of them being involved into a special and unusual activity




Motif

l9b


Name_eng: 
Elbow-knives
Description: 

Person's sharp elbows or (rare) knees are like awls or knives




Motif

l10


Name_eng: 
Sharp tail
Description: 

A monster kills victims with his or her sharp or stinging tail or protrusion on his or her back




Motif

l15b


Name_eng: 
To kill with a reed
Description: 

Person can be killed only with a particular plant that normally is not used as a weapon




Motif

l34


Name_eng: 
The burning hair
Description: 

Person kills or injures his enemy putting fire on his or her straw costume, mask, headgear, hair or object on his or her back




Motif

l41


Name_eng: 
Hero escapes on the way
Description: 

An ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house




Motif

l41b


Name_eng: 
Pitch basket
Description: 

An ogress puts her victims into a basket which is filled or smeared with pitch




Motif

l58


Name_eng: 
Avaricious man
Description: 

A man does not share food with his wife or kinsfolk. He or his food is transformed (turns into a bird, into worms, etc.) in punishment




Motif

m11c


Name_eng: 
Person gets lard from his body
Description: 

A male person cuts or roasts his own body to extract meat, lard or blood, cooks it and serves to his guest without injuring himself. Such a food is not considered to be unclean




Motif

m29b


Name_eng: 
Trickster-fox, jackal or coyote
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote




Motif

m30


Name_eng: 
Trickster falls down
Description: 

Person or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return




Motif

m38


Name_eng: 
Stupid imitation (all versions)
Description: 

Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food




Motif

m45


Name_eng: 
A predator tricks animals to gather around him
Description: 

An ogre or a stronger animal catches a man or a weaker animal or drives him into a small enclosure. He goes away for a while leaving a watchman. The watchman is unable to fulfill his duty and the man (the weak animal) escapes (usually he dupes the watchman). Most, though hardly all American cases can have post-Columbian African origin




Motif

m53


Name_eng: 
Hoodwinked dancers
Description: 

Person invites birds or animals (usually geese and ducks) to dance or stand around him and concentrate their attention on some activity (usually to dance with their eyes shut), kills them, usually one by one. Or (rare) he dances himself with his eyes shut and then kills water fowl who gather around him




Motif

m65b


Name_eng: 
The lost quarry
Description: 

Person kills game (usually by deception), gets to see how thieves carry it away but is unable to intervene




Motif

m121


Name_eng: 
Louse as a spy
Description: 

Louse or other tiny creature (flee, tuck) is sent to spy on a person




Motif

b46c


Name_eng: 
Big Dipper is seven persons or animals
Description: 

Every main star of the Big Dipper is interpreted as a particular person or animal




Motif

k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)


Name_eng: 
Competitions and difficult tasks
Description: 

Person is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life




Motif

b46d


Name_eng: 
Extraordinary companions turn into stars
Description: 

Several men each of whom is an expert in a particular sphere turn into stars




Motif

m84


Name_eng: 
Revived from bones
Description: 

Person, animal, fish or (rare) a fruit is eaten up and then revived, usually after all bones (all seeds) being put together




Motif

m84b


Name_eng: 
Bones thrown into the water
Description: 

Butchered and eaten animal, bird or fish revives after its bones are thrown into the water




Motif

m38a


Name_eng: 
The bungling host
Description: 

Being on a visit to other people or (more often) animals, an (animal)-person sees them act using magic or according to their animal nature. Back at home, he imitates their actions and gets in trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and mostly refer to providing and cooking food




Motif

a7a


Name_eng: 
Torches in hands of celestial bodies
Description: 

Light of the Sun (Moon, Venus) is a torch in hands of the celestial body




Motif

a42a


Name_eng: 
The Sun’s imitator falls to earth (Phaethon)
Description: 

When a person arrives to the sky his attempt to fulfill the sun's duty fails and he falls to earth (is thrown down to earth)




Motif

k177


Name_eng: 
The travelling heroine
Description: 

A girl or young woman sets off to find or return her fience or her husband or she escapes from a fanger and ultimately marries happily




Motif

h12c


Name_eng: 
Orpheus: to return the dead wife
Description: 

Husband follows his dead wife to the other world but is unable to bring her back or succeeds to do it but loses her once again




Motif

l9


Name_eng: 
Sharp body members
Description: 

Body members of a person has the form of cutting or piercing weapon




Motif

m11


Name_eng: 
The unclean food
Description: 

Person feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food




Motif

i22e


Name_eng: 
Objects in permanent move on the way of the dead
Description: 

On their way to the Beyond, souls of the dead must get between clashing rocks or other moving obstacles




Motif

i22g


Name_eng: 
Clapping rocks
Description: 

There are mountains or rocks which permanently collide and separate again from each other or a crack (jaws) in a vertical cliff which is opening and closing




Motif

j4a


Name_eng: 
Revenge for the death of the mother
Description: 

A woman is murdered. Her son or children (rare: grandchildren, nephews) revenge for her death




Motif

j1


Name_eng: 
The vengeful heroes
Description: 

Persons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they





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Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Tewa (San Juan, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso, Tesuque, Nambé; Hano), Tiwa (Taos, Picuris; Sandia, Isleta), Towa (Jemez)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Cahuilla, Cupeño
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Tundra Nenets
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Caribou
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Aztec; Aztec and Teotihuacan iconography
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Ute
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Yokuts
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Pomo
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Western Keres (Acoma, Laguna)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Diegueño: Ipai, Tipai, Kamia (Kumeai)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Eastern Keres (Cochiti, Sia, San Felipe, Santo Domingo, Santa Ana, Paguate, Seama)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Sechelt (incl Sisiatl), Squamish, Halcomelem
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kwakiutl (Kwakwaka'wakw)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Menominee
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Sauk (Sak, Mesquakie), Fox, Kickapoo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Eastern Swamy Cree
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kitanemuk
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Mam, Ixil, Aguatec, Avakatec
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Bella Coola (Nuxalk)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Western Ojibwa (Chippewa)