Chumash



Tradition title rus: 
Чумаш
Areal ID: 
12.6.5.7
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
71.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
37.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a12dEclipses: birdsA bird or birds attack or shade the Sun or the Moon during an eclipse or at the sunrise and sunset
a17The Sun’s relax at the middayAfter passing half of the its way across the sky (in the day time) or in the underworld (in the night time), the Sun stops to have a rest
a22cPerson sacrificed to the SunTo make the Sun rise above the horizon, to send him to the right distance from the earth, to make him move across the sky, etc. a person has to be sacrificed
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a42Phaethon: false Sun fails to fulfill his dutyPerson comes to the sun, attempts to fulfill the sun's duty but intentionally or because of a lack of skill does it wrong and the earth suffers from heat etc. (Cf. Earth burned because the bearer of the sun came too low, Boas 2002: 664)
a42aThe Sun’s imitator falls to earth (Phaethon)When a person arrives to the sky his attempt to fulfill the sun's duty fails and he falls to earth (is thrown down to earth)
a7aTorches in hands of celestial bodiesLight of the Sun (Moon, Venus) is a torch in hands of the celestial body
b13aStream follows personA stream of water (with a monster in it) pursues person who tries to escape from it
b2aThe female earthThe earth is a female person (alone or together with a male person); she is female being or associated with a woman
b46cBig Dipper is seven persons or animalsEvery main star of the Big Dipper is interpreted as a particular person or animal
b46dExtraordinary companions turn into starsSeveral men each of whom is an expert in a particular sphere turn into stars
b60Offended children abandon parentsChildren conflict with their parents who do not pay them enough attention, condemn their sexual behavior, do not give them enough food, clothes, etc.; the children abandon their parents and become birds, bats, atmospheric phenomena, or stars (usually the Pleiades)
e29Lizard gives proper handsTwo persons (usually Coyote and Lizard) argue if people's hand has to be like a paw or people should have fingers
f10Vaginal teeth knocked outWoman has another toothed mouth (usually in vagina) or biting animals in vagina. Man inserts there a stone, bone, stick, etc. breaking or knocking out the teeth or extracting from there dangerous animals
f45The AmazonsThere are (or were) women who live apart from men in their own village or villages
f63Trickster poses as woman and marries manA male person turns into woman and marries a man. He is either unmasked or abandons his "husband" by his own will
h12The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s deathThe alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks
h12cOrpheus: to return the dead wifeHusband follows his dead wife to the other world but is unable to bring her back or succeeds to do it but loses her once again
h24Container opened too earlyContainer with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear
h27Mosquitoes let loseStinging insects (rare diseases) had been inside a container or some enclosure. They escaped to the world when the container or enclosure was foolishly opened
i100bThe Pleiades are a group of peopleThe Pleiades are any people (of any ages and sex, combined data of i99-i100a)
i105The celestial handOne of constellations represents a hand with fingers
i19People inhale the odor of foodAnthropomorphic beings satisfy their hunger cooking food and inhaling the odor
i22Objects in permanent movementThere are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)
i22eObjects in permanent move on the way of the deadOn their way to the Beyond, souls of the dead must get between clashing rocks or other moving obstacles
i22gClapping rocksThere are mountains or rocks which permanently collide and separate again from each other or a crack (jaws) in a vertical cliff which is opening and closing
i25The bribed guardsWay to the place of a certain person is guided by dangerous creatures (which often stand on the both sides of the pathway). Person placates them by gifts or nice talk, and they let him or her go the both ways, sometimes being punished for this by their master
i3Weapon of ThunderThe lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being
i44Chthonic serpentGiant serpent lies on the perimeter of the earth or supports the earth
i65Milky Way of the deadMilky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession
i82bVenus is femaleMorning and/or Evening Star is a female personage
i93Milky Way is the backboneMilky Way is the backbone of the sky or of all the world
i99The Pleiades are boys or menThe Pleiades are a group of boys or men, or a group of different people but predominantly males
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j12Travelling girl walks across suitorsA girl (or two sisters) travel, usually in search of a proper marriage partner who lives far away or who has gone away. On her way or after reaching the place of destination the girl gets to some unpleasant suitors
j13Two sistersTwo sisters (if more, only two play a significant role in the plot) travel and meet an unpleasant suitor or get to an ogre
j34Frightened grandmotherAfter killing their enemy, heroes have fun frightening their (grand)mother or father with its dummy
j4aRevenge for the death of the motherA woman is murdered. Her son or children (rare: grandchildren, nephews) revenge for her death
j51One piece is missingPerson or animal is eaten up or destroyed otherwise. His bones are put together and he or it is revived. Because one bone was broken, swallowed or lost (or a drop of blood, a small piece of flesh lost), the person or animal cannot be revived or being revived misses some part of his or its body
k177The travelling heroineA girl or young woman sets off to find or return her fience or her husband or she escapes from a fanger and ultimately marries happily
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27eEating or drinking contestPerson or animal must eat (drink) enormous quantity of food (beverage) or eat or drink poisonous beverage or food
k27sContest: a raceContest: a race
k29aSurviving in a fireHero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation
k3Tree or rock grows tallerHero climbs up a tree or rock to get eggs, nestlings, fruits, honey, etc. Another person makes the tree (rock) grow higher or thicker and the hero is unable to descend back
k35False husbandAn imposter pretends to be the hero to take his position and/or to marry or to violate his woman
k51The deceived wifeA Man disappears or goes away for long time. His wife sets off, comes to a house where her husband lives now or first sends her son there. She gets to know that he has married another woman
k52Rescue from the sea bottomWhen a woman or a lad comes to the sea bank, she or he is carried away by sea predators (killer-whales, sharks, swordfish). Man descends to the bottom and rescues the woman or lad using his shaman's power
k66Extraordinary companionsSeveral companions have extraordinary abilities (one who runs fast, one who eats great quantities, one who produces or can withstand severe frost, etc.); a hero comes across and takes for companions several men, each of them being involved into a special and unusual activity
l10Sharp tailA monster kills victims with his or her sharp or stinging tail or protrusion on his or her back
l15bTo kill with a reedPerson can be killed only with a particular plant that normally is not used as a weapon
l34The burning hairPerson kills or injures his enemy putting fire on his or her straw costume, mask, headgear, hair or object on his or her back
l41Hero escapes on the wayAn ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house
l41bPitch basketAn ogress puts her victims into a basket which is filled or smeared with pitch
l58Avaricious manA man does not share food with his wife or kinsfolk. He or his food is transformed (turns into a bird, into worms, etc.) in punishment
l9Sharp body membersBody members of a person has the form of cutting or piercing weapon
l9bElbow-knivesPerson's sharp elbows or (rare) knees are like awls or knives
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m11cPerson gets lard from his bodyA male person cuts or roasts his own body to extract meat, lard or blood, cooks it and serves to his guest without injuring himself. Such a food is not considered to be unclean
m121Louse as a spyLouse or other tiny creature (flee, tuck) is sent to spy on a person
m151aHolding up the rock(Animal) person pretends to hold up a rock, tree etc. and explains that otherwise it will fall
m29bTrickster-fox, jackal or coyoteIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote
m30Trickster falls downPerson or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return
m38Stupid imitation (all versions)Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food
m38aThe bungling hostBeing on a visit to other people or (more often) animals, an (animal)-person sees them act using magic or according to their animal nature. Back at home, he imitates their actions and gets in trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and mostly refer to providing and cooking food
m45A predator tricks animals to gather around himAn ogre or a stronger animal catches a man or a weaker animal or drives him into a small enclosure. He goes away for a while leaving a watchman. The watchman is unable to fulfill his duty and the man (the weak animal) escapes (usually he dupes the watchman). Most, though hardly all American cases can have post-Columbian African origin
m53Hoodwinked dancersPerson invites birds or animals (usually geese and ducks) to dance or stand around him and concentrate their attention on some activity (usually to dance with their eyes shut), kills them, usually one by one. Or (rare) he dances himself with his eyes shut and then kills water fowl who gather around him
m65bThe lost quarryPerson kills game (usually by deception), gets to see how thieves carry it away but is unable to intervene
m84Revived from bonesPerson, animal, fish or (rare) a fruit is eaten up and then revived, usually after all bones (all seeds) being put together
m84bBones thrown into the waterButchered and eaten animal, bird or fish revives after its bones are thrown into the water


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition: Tewa (San Juan, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso, Tesuque, Nambé; Hano), Tiwa (Taos, Picuris; Sandia, Isleta), Towa (Jemez)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Bella Coola (Nuxalk)
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Yokuts
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Pomo
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Luiseño, Juaneño
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Sechelt (incl Sisiatl), Squamish, Halcomelem
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Yuma proper (Quechan), Mohave, Maricopa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Eastern Keres (Cochiti, Sia, San Felipe, Santo Domingo, Santa Ana, Paguate, Seama)
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Caribou
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Huichol

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Eastern Keres (Cochiti, Sia, San Felipe, Santo Domingo, Santa Ana, Paguate, Seama)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Sechelt (incl Sisiatl), Squamish, Halcomelem
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kwakiutl (Kwakwaka'wakw)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Menominee
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Sauk (Sak, Mesquakie), Fox, Kickapoo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Eastern Swamy Cree
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kitanemuk
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Mam, Ixil, Aguatec, Avakatec
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Bella Coola (Nuxalk)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Western Ojibwa (Chippewa)