Melanesians of the northern coast New Guinea, nearest off-shore islands and Huon Gulf (Morobe district): Watut, Bilbil (Bilibili), Jabim (incl Kai), Tami, Bukawac, Wogeo, Tumleo, Yakamul, Manam, Sissano, Sio



Tradition title rus: 
Меланезийцы северного побережья Новой Гвинеи и округа Моробе: Вогео, тумлео, якамул, букавак, билбил, гедагед, биляу, такиа, билибили, ватут, тами, ябим, манам, сиссано, сьо
Areal ID: 
7.1.5.1
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
118.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
68.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a5


Name_eng: 
The Sun and the Moon are males
Description: 

The Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual




Motif

a11a


Name_eng: 
Eyes of the Sun and the Moon: coolness and night
Description: 

Visible sun and/or moon are the Sun's and/or the Moon's eyes. If these eyes were not injured, light and heat would be more intense




Motif

a21


Name_eng: 
Luminaries are objects fixed in the sky
Description: 

The sun and/or the moon are inanimate objects thrown up to the sky or fixed in the sky




Motif

a32


Name_eng: 
Figure on lunar disc
Description: 

A figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)




Motif

a32d


Name_eng: 
Man in the Moon
Description: 

Human being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon




Motif

a35


Name_eng: 
Spots on the lunar disc
Description: 

Dark spots on the lunar disc are dirt, blood, paint, traces of beating, burning, scratching, etc. on the Moon person's body or face (Kiliwa: spots on the Sun) and do not form any particular figure




Motif

a38


Name_eng: 
The Sun caught in snare
Description: 

Person prepares a snare, loop, noose, etc. to catch the Sun and/or the Sun is caught in a snare, tied by a rope, etc.




Motif

b41


Name_eng: 
The talking dog
Description: 

Because the dog was spreading some information, altercated with its masters, was talking in a wrong time, etc. it lost the ability to speak




Motif

b41a


Name_eng: 
Animal reveals master’s secrets
Description: 

The dog or other domestic animal speaks aloud about those details of its masters' life that they would prefer to conceal. He is punished by depriving his ability to speak




Motif

b60


Name_eng: 
Offended children abandon parents
Description: 

Children conflict with their parents who do not pay them enough attention, condemn their sexual behavior, do not give them enough food, clothes, etc.; the children abandon their parents and become birds, bats, atmospheric phenomena, or stars (usually the Pleiades)




Motif

b82


Name_eng: 
The white raven
Description: 

Raven or other carrion-eating bird of dark color and a similar size was originally white




Motif

c4


Name_eng: 
The flood: fruits fall from a tree
Description: 

During the flood or in the beginning of times fruits, seeds or other objects are dropped into water one by one, usually by a person who has climbed a tree. As far as the objects fall, water recedes and the dry land appears




Motif

d5


Name_eng: 
Woman as the owner of the fire
Description: 

Female person is the owner or inventor (but not the personification) of the fire




Motif

d5a


Name_eng: 
Fire in woman’s genitals
Description: 

First fire was hidden in genitals or anus of a woman




Motif

d12


Name_eng: 
Food baked in the sun
Description: 

First people or inhabitants of a distant country cook food in the sun; or fire owner lies that he or she cooks food in the sun




Motif

e5b


Name_eng: 
First couple from the underworld
Description: 

First man (a group of brothers) or first human couple come out from the underworld (a cave) or from a small enclosure on its surface (tussock, reed, tree, rock, gourd)




Motif

e5c


Name_eng: 
People from the sky
Description: 

The first people or first anthropomorphic divine beings descend to earth from the sky.




Motif

e8a


Name_eng: 
People from the fruits
Description: 

Women or people in general come out of the fruits (orten the coconuts) or (more rare) leaves of the cocos palm spontaneously turn into women




Motif

f7


Name_eng: 
The water-maiden
Description: 

Man takes or attempts to take a wife who is connected with the underwater world (fish, crab, snake, water animal and the like)




Motif

f16


Name_eng: 
Men and women: exchange of anatomical characteristics
Description: 

Initially men possessed women's biological traits and vice versa (beard, menses, breasts, bearing children)




Motif

f18a


Name_eng: 
The long penis
Description: 

Penis is so long that he can turn it round his waist or send into a woman who is at a long distance from him. (Only texts considered to describe real events and beings and not anecdotes are included)




Motif

f30


Name_eng: 
Snake paramour
Description: 

A woman or a girl takes a snake, an eel (i.e. Pacific snake-eel), a lizard, or a worm for husband or paramour. People kill or badly injure him, the woman and/or her progeny or the woman herself is transformed into snake. Cf. motif k76b: the snake-husband becomes and remains a handsome man




Motif

f38


Name_eng: 
Women and sacred knowledge
Description: 

Women were possessors of the sacred knowledge, sanctuaries or ritual objects which are now taboo for them or they made attempts to acquire such a knowledge or objects




Motif

f40b


Name_eng: 
A man in a village of women
Description: 

A man gets into the village of women. Usually he has to satisfy every woman against his will or every woman claims him for herself




Motif

f45


Name_eng: 
The Amazons
Description: 

There are (or were) women who live apart from men in their own village or villages




Motif

f49


Name_eng: 
The abnormal birth
Description: 

Cesarean operation upon a woman at childbirth as a custom




Motif

f62


Name_eng: 
Incognito at the feast
Description: 

An (ostensibly) sick (ugly, weak, poorly clad) person remains at home when others go to the feast. The person comes by himself or herself looking like a handsome man or beautiful girl. The man (woman) does not recognize him (her) and feels against her (him) sexual interestю (All texts with motif k57, Chinderella, are also included into f62)




Motif

f80a


Name_eng: 
Genitals apart from the body
Description: 

Genitals exist by themselves as separate beings, they can be stuck to the human body, remove, etc.




Motif

f95


Name_eng: 
Wife of one of two brothers
Description: 

Two companions or brothers live together. One has a wife which he conceals. Another suspects her existence, destroys her or tries to get a wife also for himself




Motif

g8


Name_eng: 
Restored tree
Description: 

A deep notch in the tree (or in the sky support) is magically restored as soon as persons or creatures who cut or gnaw it stop working




Motif

g8b


Name_eng: 
Cutting tree to get a person
Description: 

Person hides in a tree. Somebody tries to fell it but the notch disappears and the tree becomes intact




Motif

g8f


Name_eng: 
Chips destroyed
Description: 

A deep notch in the tree is magically restored when persons or creatures who cut it go away to take a rest. They get to fell the tree after they begin to burn the cut off chips or to carry them far way




Motif

g13a


Name_eng: 
People ate dirt
Description: 

Before acquisition of cultivated plants (fire, hunting skills) people ate dirt, mud or stones




Motif

g23


Name_eng: 
Alive being turns into many objects
Description: 

Person or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)




Motif

h4


Name_eng: 
The shed skin
Description: 

Those who change their skin become young again




Motif

h4a


Name_eng: 
Process of rejuvenation is broken
Description: 

People do not become young (usually do not shed their skin) anymore because certain person was bothered during rejuvenation or was not recognized by his family in his new guise




Motif

h5


Name_eng: 
People and snakes
Description: 

Reptiles or invertebrates possess the medicine of immortality; are contrasted with men as immortal with mortals and/or are responsible for originating of death; or a snake's bite inflicts the first death




Motif

h27


Name_eng: 
Mosquitoes let lose
Description: 

Stinging insects (rare diseases) had been inside a container or some enclosure. They escaped to the world when the container or enclosure was foolishly opened




Motif

i8f


Name_eng: 
One support of the world
Description: 

Only one pole or mountain supports the earth or the sky




Motif

i8g


Name_eng: 
Atlas
Description: 

One giant supports the earth or the sky




Motif

i14


Name_eng: 
No-anus people
Description: 

Person or creature has no anus opening




Motif

i14a


Name_eng: 
Eject digested food through the mouth
Description: 

No-anus people eject digested food through the mouth or other orifice




Motif

i18


Name_eng: 
A spouse or husband without anus or mouth
Description: 

Person visits people who have no anus or mouth. He or his sister marries or tries to marry a local dweller




Motif

i38a


Name_eng: 
The dog-husbands
Description: 

Dogs or dog-headed men are husbands of human women




Motif

i43a


Name_eng: 
The celestial monster
Description: 

Giant reptilian monster (serpent, more rare fish, chain of fish) extends in the sky and/or supports the sky being associated with Milky Way or the rainbow




Motif

i43b


Name_eng: 
Milky Way is a serpent or fish
Description: 

Milky Way is a reptile, fish, or chain of fish




Motif

i45b


Name_eng: 
Not to point at the rainbow
Description: 

It to point at the rainbow, pointing finger or entire arm will rot, wither or become crooked




Motif

i47


Name_eng: 
Rainbow is filth
Description: 

Rainbow is a flatulence of a demon, a spray of a skunk, is associated with spit, urine, feces, genitals, etc., causes skin diseases, is associated with death




Motif

i71


Name_eng: 
Stars are roots
Description: 

Stars are roots of the plants which grow in the upper world




Motif

i96


Name_eng: 
Bloody rainbow
Description: 

Rainbow is blood, associated with war and death




Motif

i100


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are girls
Description: 

The Pleiades are a group of girls or women (with children)




Motif

i100b


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are a group of people
Description: 

The Pleiades are any people (of any ages and sex, combined data of i99-i100a)




Motif

i108


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are a person
Description: 

The Pleiades are only one anthropomorphic being, not several persons




Motif

i116


Name_eng: 
Milky Way is the border between the seasons
Description: 

The Milky Way is the border-line between seasons of the year or parts of the universe (the wet and the dry seasons, the sky and the earth, etc.)




Motif

i119


Name_eng: 
The dead shake the earth
Description: 

The earthquakes are produced by the dead who are in the underworld or during the earthquakes the inhabitants of the lower world try to come out; try to understand are there still living beings on earth




Motif

j25


Name_eng: 
Babies escape and return
Description: 

Heroes (usually one or two), being still babies or embryos, escape or are thrown away, often into the water. To bring them back into the human world, they are lured (persuaded) to come out or caught with difficulty




Motif

j26


Name_eng: 
Babies come out of the water
Description: 

Baby heroes, embryos or objects from which they emerge are found in a river or lake or come to people out of the water




Motif

j47


Name_eng: 
Pursuer falls from height
Description: 

Person ascends to the sky (rare: descends from the sky; ascends the cliff) by a rope, a ladder, etc. Another person tries to follow him or her but the rope (the ladder) is broken or severed




Motif

j58


Name_eng: 
The arrow ladder
Description: 

Persons shoot arrows (darts) which hit each other’s end forming a chain (rope, ladder). Persons climb by this chain to the sky or (rare) across an obstacle




Motif

j59


Name_eng: 
Following arrow to get to the sky
Description: 

To climb to the sky, person must first to shoot an arrow that reaches the sky and sticks to it




Motif

j64


Name_eng: 
Person moves on clouds of smoke
Description: 

Not being burned in a fire, person ascends to the sky or gets across a river on clouds of smoke




Motif

k1f


Name_eng: 
Conflict because of a woman
Description: 

A man maroons another because of jealousy or because he plans to take hold of his wife




Motif

k2


Name_eng: 
The destroyed ladder
Description: 

Hero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)




Motif

k3


Name_eng: 
Tree or rock grows taller
Description: 

Hero climbs up a tree or rock to get eggs, nestlings, fruits, honey, etc. Another person makes the tree (rock) grow higher or thicker and the hero is unable to descend back




Motif

k4


Name_eng: 
The bird nester
Description: 

Person climbs up a tree or rock or descends to a cave to get eggs or nestlings from the bird's nest. Another person remains on the ground. They get into conflict and/or the first person is unable to get back to the ground




Motif

k8a


Name_eng: 
Jonah: swallowed by monster
Description: 

Person gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)




Motif

k12


Name_eng: 
Woman is lost and returned
Description: 

By trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back




Motif

k20


Name_eng: 
Wish for star-husband or wife realized
Description: 

A human person admires a star or (rare) the Moon in the sky, expresses desire to marry it or (rare) to get a star-object. Star descends to him or to her or takes him or her to the sky




Motif

k24


Name_eng: 
Stolen clothes of supernatural woman
Description: 

Women who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a man hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him




Motif

k25


Name_eng: 
Magic wife
Description: 

A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world




Motif

k29b


Name_eng: 
Posthole murder
Description: 

Hero is asked to climb into a hole or pit. When he does it, they fill it with soil or throw down a post, a stone, etc. The hero demonstrates his magic capacities coming back uninjured




Motif

k32


Name_eng: 
The false wife
Description: 

An ugly, old, lazy, etc. woman or (in Chaco) a male trickster comes to man under disguise of his wife or bride who is driven out, confined to the underworld, killed, etc.




Motif

k34


Name_eng: 
Fatal swing
Description: 

Person kills others inviting them to sit on a swing and launching them into water, on rocks, etc.




Motif

k56b


Name_eng: 
The worthy man is rewarded, the unworthy punished
Description: 

First one, then another man meets a powerful person or persons. The first man is worthy and rewarded with treasure, prestige or the like. The second man (or two men) follows him, behaves in a wrong way and is punished




Motif

l6


Name_eng: 
Demon clings to person
Description: 

A demonic being demands that a person would carry it permanently, clings to his shoulder or back




Motif

l24


Name_eng: 
Monsters suffocated
Description: 

Demons (or one of them) attack people and return to their den (usually a cave or tree hollow). People make suffocating fire around the den killing most or all of the demons




Motif

l41


Name_eng: 
Hero escapes on the way
Description: 

An ogre or ogress catches a person and carries his or her prey home but the person escapes on the way or immediately after reaching the ogre's house




Motif

l46


Name_eng: 
Head downward
Description: 

Person ascends, descends, walks head downward or sees the world upside down




Motif

l47


Name_eng: 
Enemy moves backward and dies
Description: 

Hero's enemy ascends a tree or rock head downward or walks backward letting the hero better possibility to kill him or to escape




Motif

l52


Name_eng: 
Hero escapes from top of a tree
Description: 

Hero hides in a tree from an ogre. Before the ogre gets to fell the tree, the hero flies away or a bird helps him to escape




Motif

l53


Name_eng: 
Stones into the maw
Description: 

A monstrous being is killed or neutralized by (burning hot) stones (pieces of metal, heavy fruits, etc.) thrown into its maw or anus or the being retreats when they menace to throw a stone into its maw




Motif

l61


Name_eng: 
Endocannibal
Description: 

Person devours his or her own flesh or disembowels himself or herself




Motif

l65


Name_eng: 
Demonic baby
Description: 

A baby or small child proves to be a demon, devours or injures people




Motif

l70


Name_eng: 
Fruit falls and kills
Description: 

Person or animal is killed or injured with a heavy object dropped from a tree (or rock, etc.). The person or the animal knows that the objects will fall but has falls ideas about its character and weight




Motif

l81


Name_eng: 
Demon’s fire
Description: 

Person sets off in search of fire and finds it in the house of a demon. The demon makes harm to the person




Motif

m44c


Name_eng: 
Thieves of food: a young hero
Description: 

A boy or young man comes to steal food of a person who is elder than he. Usually he is caught but not punished and invited to live with the elder person




Motif

m72


Name_eng: 
Hand in animal’s anus
Description: 

Person puts (for different reasons) his or her hand into the anus of a tapir or other herbivorous animals and is unable to extract it back. Animal starts to run and drags the person behind him for a long time




Motif

k25a1


Name_eng: 
Magic wife finds her clothes
Description: 

Magic wife abandons her mortal husband when she finds her clothes (often, her feathers if she is a bird-woman), makes herself the new clothes, receives them from her kin or her husband gives her her clothing believing that she will not abandon him. (Versions with magic wife abandoning her husband because she feels herself offended is not alternative to the “found clothes but in most of the texts these motifs are not combined)




Motif

e5a


Name_eng: 
Mankind ascends from the underworld
Description: 

The first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together




Motif

f8


Name_eng: 
Women and men come together
Description: 

Initially women and men live apart from each other. Later they meet each other and become to live together




Motif

l22


Name_eng: 
The sound sleep
Description: 

After breaking some taboo, coming across a strange object or person, people fall asleep. They do not feel when at night spirits come and injure or kill them




Motif

j23


Name_eng: 
A late son kills monsters
Description: 

People (elder brothers, elder siblings, elder sister) disappear (one by one). A lonely woman has a baby or finds a baby or she becomes pregnant magically and gives birth to a boy or twins. The boy grows up, exterminates the antagonists, usually revives and releases those who had disappeared




Motif

j13


Name_eng: 
Two sisters
Description: 

Two sisters (if more, only two play a significant role in the plot) travel and meet an unpleasant suitor or get to an ogre




Motif

j14


Name_eng: 
A flute-player
Description: 

A girl or two sisters walk in search of the man whose beautiful voice or whose flute-play they listen




Motif

k98


Name_eng: 
(Animal) helper turns into household
Description: 

An animal or (rare) a person that gave birth to the hero or supported him for a long time asks his master or son to kill him or her. Its (her) remains turn into a house with a household where the hero can live




Motif

e27


Name_eng: 
People from drops of blood
Description: 

People emerge from drops of blood that fall from the sky




Motif

j2


Name_eng: 
The tree-husband
Description: 

Husband or lover is a tree (that temporarily turns into a man)




Motif

i100


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are girls
Description: 

The Pleiades are a group of girls or women (with children)




Motif

i100b


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are a group of people
Description: 

The Pleiades are any people (of any ages and sex, combined data of i99-i100a)




Motif

c34


Name_eng: 
The deluge because of a wounded creature
Description: 

Killing (injuring, offending) of some cruature (usually related to water) triggers deluge




Motif

l65b3


Name_eng: 
The escape on the tree
Description: 

Persons climbs a tree and thanks to this escapes from a demon (who usually tries to fell the tree)




Motif

k177


Name_eng: 
The travelling heroine
Description: 

A girl or young woman sets off to find or return her fience or her husband or she escapes from a fanger and ultimately marries happily




Motif

k176


Name_eng: 
A man in search of the woman
Description: 

A (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife




Motif

i3


Name_eng: 
Weapon of Thunder
Description: 

The lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being




Motif

i4a


Name_eng: 
Thunder in trouble: falls to earth
Description: 

Thunder falls to earth, cannot return to the sky. Usually a human person helps him to do it




Motif

l72


Name_eng: 
The obstacle flight
Description: 

Running away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer




Motif

l20


Name_eng: 
Eater of the raw meat
Description: 

Two persons hunt or fish. One of them is or becomes a cannibal. He or she reveals his or her nature eating the quarry raw




Motif

j47b


Name_eng: 
The two ropes
Description: 

A strong rope (chain, etc.) is thrown to the person pursued by a demon but a rotten rope is thrown to the pursuer. The person is saved and the demon falls down (drowns) and dies




Motif

a21a


Name_eng: 
The released Moon
Description: 

The Moon is an object which its owners released by chance or which was stolen from them and ultimately ascended to the sky




Motif

i82a


Name_eng: 
Venus is male
Description: 

Morning and/or Evening Star is a male personage




Motif

i99


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are boys or men
Description: 

The Pleiades are a group of boys or men, or a group of different people but predominantly males




Motif

e39a


Name_eng: 
Female animal conceives from man’s urine
Description: 

A female animal (snake, pig) conceives from the uruine of a man and gives birth to human child(ren)




Motif

m5a


Name_eng: 
Passengers of the sinking canoe
Description: 

Small animals ride a canoe, it sinks, all try to save their lives in their own way




Motif

a14a


Name_eng: 
The conflict between the Sun and the Moon
Description: 

The Sun and the Moon are or were enemies, either permanently or in particular situations




Motif

f34b


Name_eng: 
The paramour is not a human being
Description: 

A girl (a woman, a group of women) intentionally takes a penis-being, a snake, an eel, a lizard, a worm, a big water animal or water monster or a big terrestrial mammal for paramour. People kill or maim the paramour, the woman and/or her progeny or she is transformed herself into an animal. She is blamed for her behavior




Motif

g13c


Name_eng: 
Bad food of the pre-agricultural epoch
Description: 

Before the cultivated plants or edible wild plants become known, people ate (decomposed) wood, bark, mud, stones, fungi




Motif

j23d


Name_eng: 
Young twins kill monsters
Description: 

People (elder brothers, elder siblings, elder sister) disappear (one by one). A lonely woman has baby twins (or more children) who grow up, exterminates the antagonists, usually revives and releases those who had disappeared




Motif

c4a


Name_eng: 
The flood: survival in a tree
Description: 

During the flood some persons survive in a tree





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Papua–New Guinea Northern Lowland Papuan groups (Trans New Guinea and unclassified): Komba, Gimi, Susure, Orokaiva, Bogadjim, Ngain, Sentani, Bargam, Imonda, Nankina, Yupta Valley, Urawa Valley, Warupu (Barupu), Pondoma (Anam)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Melanesians of Admiralty Islands (incl Manus); Seimat (Western Islands)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Melanesians and Papuans of Bismark Archipelago: New Britain (Tolai, Lakalai, Kuni, Sulka, Baining, Gazelle peninsula), New Ireland (Patpatar =Pala), St Matthias Group, Mioko (Melanesians between New Britain and New Ireland)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Chin-Naga: Ao, Mao, Sema, Zeme, Liangmai, Kolren, Kom, Lhota, Rengma, Angami, Kabui, Tangkhul, Koirenf
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Torricelli family: Valman, Samap, Arapesh (Upper, Coastal), Monumbo, Lilau, Ngaimbom; Moando (Banara); Menya, Olo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Papua–New Guinea Southern Lowland Papuan groups (Trans New Guinea and unclassified): Gimi, Kiwai, Bina, Mawabula, Mawatta, Keraki, Gambadi (incl. Kwavaru), Purari River delta, Masingara, Wiram (=Suki), Ngain, Daga, Elema
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kayan, Bahau, Kenja, Aoheng, Punan (Bukat, Basap, Oloh Ot, etc); "Klemantan"
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Yanomamo (Yanoama): Yanomam, Yanomami
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Kuki, Chiru, Falam (Hallam), Chin (Meitei =Manipuri, Khami, =Kumi), Lakher, Mizo (Lushei), Anal, Pawi (Lai), Purum, Koireng, Milhiem, Kolhen, Mru
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 1 Tradition:
Eastern Arunachal Pradesh: Abor (incl Minyong, Shimong, Padam, Pasi, Panggi), Apa Tani (Apatani), Bori, Bugun, Dafla (=Nyishi, Nisi, Nishing, incl Tagin), Gallong (=Galo, Adi), Mishmi

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Toba (incl Pilaga)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Torricelli family: Valman, Samap, Arapesh (Upper, Coastal), Monumbo, Lilau, Ngaimbom; Moando (Banara); Menya, Olo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Cayapo (incl. Kubenkranken, Pau d’Arco, Shikrin or Xikrin)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Melanesians of southeastern New Guinea: Mekeo, Motu, Sinagoro, Koita (Koitapu), Mukawa (Are), Wagawaga, Taupota, Awaiama, Gelaria, Goodenough Bay, Bartle Bay, Wedau (Wamira village)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Nivakle (=Chulupi, Ashluslay, Ajlujlay)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Bolivian Guarani: Chiriguano (including assimilated Chane Arawaks), Pauserna (=Guarasu), Guarayu, Tapiete
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Mocovi; Kechua of Santiago del Estero with probable Guaikuruan substratum; Abipon
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Japanese folklore outside of Ryukyu
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Warao
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Guiana Kariña, Kaliña, Galibi