Salars



Tradition title rus: 
Салары
Areal ID: 
5.5.2.5
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
98.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
24.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a2aThe sun is a source of distructive heatThe world was or will be (almost) burned when several suns had (will) appear(ed) simultaneously; or the only sun was too hot (or bright)
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a32Figure on lunar discA figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)
a32dMan in the MoonHuman being or imprint of human being is seen in the moon
a32hThe Moon plantA tree or bush is seen in the moon
a4Female sunThe Sun is female, the Moon is male or (more rare) also female
a6The Sun and the Moon are femalesBoth the Sun and the Moon are considered to be females (incl. cases when the gender is not directly specified but both emerge from parts of the body of a female person)
c2Deluge and conflagration combinedInhabitans of the Middle World are (partly) destroyed (or will be destoyed) once by fire or draught, another time by a flood or the world is destroyed with a flood of fire or boiling water
e11The burned skinMagic person reveals his true nature and/or remains with the real people after the object responsible for preserving the non-human appearance (usually an animal skin) is destroyed (usually burned)
e9The mysterious housekeeperPerson observes traces of some activity that takes place in his (rare: her) house in his (her) absence and then takes by surprise the responsible one
e9hDove-wifeA man marries dove-woman
i72Stars are peopleStars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)
i72aStars are children of the Sun and the MoonStars are children of the Moon and/or the Sun
i82hVenus’ name is ČolpanThe name of the Venus is like Čolpan, Čolbon, Tsulmon, etc.
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j18aMother is eaten up, children escapeAn ogress devours a woman, gets into her house. Her daughters (daughter and son, one daughter) run away, climb a tree or a rope that hangs from the sky. Ogress pursues them and perishes
j28bA hot sconeA youth gets to know that a woman (usually his mother) conceals from him important information about his father, brothers or bride. He causes her pain (usually putting hot scone, handful of hot grain, etc. into her hand) making her tell him the truth
j31Father’s weaponA young hero obtains and uses weapons or other powerful objects which belonged to his murdered father
j4Revenge for the death of the male relativesHeroes avenge the murder or captivity of the male relatives: (grand)father, uncles, or the elder relatives in general, the loss of the males being the most traumatic
j4aRevenge for the death of the motherA woman is murdered. Her son or children (rare: grandchildren, nephews) revenge for her death
j4bRevenge inside the familyChildren (son, sons, son and daughter) of the murdered woman or man revenge on persons who have marital or close kin relations with the victom
j52Two animal persons and their childrenA person (usually zoomorphic and female) treacherously kills her (his) companion. The victim's children revenge on the murderer killing her own children
j52bHare-woman or hare-children as heros A girl, a young woman, or children who are associated with a hare or rabbit are heroines or successful tricksters
j53aTo involve in a game and to killA child suggests another to play. The one who has been invited follows the rules but the initiator does not do it and kills the other
j53cOne of two female companions kills anotherTwo co-wives of female companions live together, both have children. Once when they go to work outdoors (usually to gather wild plants), one of them kills and devours another. The victim's children escape
k102a2Conflict between mother and son Mother tries to kill her son (children) because he interferes with her love affair
k103Helpful cowCow (ox, bull) helps an orphan child or a young woman who got into trouble
k116aKing is killed after putting on a strange attireA powerful person abducts or is going to abduct a poor man’s wife. She tricks him to put on a strange attire (often her husband’s clothes). After this his men or dogs kill him taking for the poor man (fool, devil)
k12Woman is lost and returnedBy trick or by force, a rival or adversary kidnaps hero's wife or bride. The man gets her back
k12aA strained bowAn unrecognized hero comes to a place where his bride or wife has to marry another man or is tuned into a slave. Despite expectations, he gets to strain a tight bow killing his rivals
k14Precious advicesA man gives his last money for simple advices. Each of them saves his life or helps to achieve success or he does not follow the advices and gets into trouble
k14aThrown into the oven himselfAn antagonist orders to kill the first one who will come in the morning to a certain place. The hero becomes late by chance, the antagonist or his wife or son come and are thrown into the fire
k153Grateful animals, ungrateful manЧеловек оказывает услугу нескольким (потенциально опасным) животным и другому человеку. Благодарные животные помогают ему, а человек предает и вредит
k176A man in search of the womanA (young) man sets off to find or to return his bride or his wife
k2The destroyed ladderHero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)
k24Stolen clothes of supernatural womanWomen (rare: men) who possess supernatural power and usually come from a non-human world (from sky, from under the water, they are winged beings, bird- or animal-persons; rare: a girl of higher social status than the hero) take off their clothes (feather skins and the like) or part of it. Because a person hides the clothes (of one of them), their owner(s) have (has) to marry him or help him (rare: her)
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27n1Task-giver is a king or a chiefPerson who gives difficult tasks to the hero and/or person who demands the fulfillment of certain conditions from those who want to marry his daughter is a prominent figure in social hierarchy. He is a head of the socio-political unit of community or super-community level and is neither a member of the hero’s household nor a mythical being
k27x3The man persecuted because of his beautiful brideA powerful person coverts a beautiful bride or wife of a man and gives him impossible tasks to get rid of him
k27z5An agreement to marry the would be born childrenTwo men agree to marry their future children if a girl and a boy will be born. The girl’s parents evade the given obligation. The boy grows up and finds his bride
k2aHero marooned in the underworldHero is sent to the lower world though a well, precipice, etc. After he obtains valuables (young women), his envious companions cut the rope to get rid of him but he succeeds in returning back
k32eThe gold, the silver, the woodNegative person, object or place is contrasted with one or two positive ones as wood with silver and gold
k32gPunishment: torn apart by horsesTo punish an antagonist, he or she is tied to a horse (camel, bull) and dragged or he or she is torn apart (usually by horses)
k38Hero helps the nestlingsFor helping its children, their powerful mother or father who is a giant bird or (rare) other flying being helps the hero
k38f5Fire-breathing horseFrom the mouth of a horse fire is coming ot the horse itself is of fire
k39Man feeds his own flesh to a creature who helps himPerson has to feed powerful creature (usually a giant bird) giving it regularly pieces of meat. When meat supply is exhausted, he cuts off a piece of his own flesh
k73Children of the youngest wifeA young woman promises to bear a wonderful children (wonderful son). In her husband's absence other people (co-wives, mother-in-law, etc.) try to kill the mother and/or the child, usually slandering the young woman
k73aBaby child substituted with object or animalHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with an animal or an object (inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to an animal or an object)
k73a4Baby child substituted with a pupHostile women substitute baby of the newly made mother with a pup (inform the baby’s father that his wife has given birth to a pup)
k73a6Children turn into treesEnemies of the woman kill (throw away) her wonderful children. Trees (flowers) grow from their remains. Eventually the children acquire their human form again.
k74aOnly the hero gets to overcome the demon whose track he then follows Every time a demon commits an outrage upon one of the men who remains at home. When it is the hero’s turn, he overcomes the demon and follows his track to his world
k77aSmall objects and animals defeat the ogreSmall objects and animals (rare: animals alone but including those who really are harmless) revenge on a powerful enemy making attack on him in succession (usually they hide in his or her house); the enemy is badly injured, runs away or dies
k8aJonah: swallowed by monsterPerson gets into the belly of water being or into the belly of giant creature which appearance and living place remain vague. He kills the monster from the inside and/or returns to earth by himself (i.e. not extracted by other people)
k90The black and the red onesA man gets to see two fighting monsters or animals (usually of contrasted colors like red and black, black and white). He helps one of them and/or one of them helps him
k90The black and the red onesA man gets to see two fighting monsters or animals (usually of contrasted colors like red and black, black and white). He helps one of them and/or one of them helps him
k92King LearA man puts his children questions that seem easy to answer (how they love him, who is the elder in the family, etc.). The elder children flatter, the youngest daughter (rare: son) is reserved and her father drives her away or deprives of inheritance. Later her noble nature becomes evident to him
k92aThe princess responsible for her own fortuneA girl driven away from home or married to a poor man become prosperous
k99a1Smart man is rescued from prisonAn imprisoned man is rescued and exalted because only he gets to resolve problems that trouble the king or to save the princess (prince, the king himself)
l103bAnimals carry hero away from a demonA girl or a boy gets to demonic person. Sitting on the back of domestic animal (usually a calf, a bull) the girl (boy) escapes from the demon who pursues her (him). Usually several different animals in succession try to carry the girl away but the demon overtakes them and only the last animal brings her home
l103bAnimals carry hero away from a demonA girl or a boy gets to demonic person. Sitting on the back of domestic animal (usually a calf, a bull) the girl (boy) escapes from the demon who pursues her (him). Usually several different animals in succession try to carry the girl away but the demon overtakes them and only the last animal brings her home
l108The wolf and the kidsAn (animal) person gives a signal (special song, etc.) to his relative or friend who lets him or her in. Antagonist imitates the person's voice or guise and the relative lets him in
l108cThe white handTo make himself unrecognizable by the victim, a predator or ogre demonstrates clothes, limb, etc. that look like clothes or limb of his victim's mother, etc.
l19bBeings with odd number of headsBeing (any besides birds) with more than ten heads or with odd (but more than one) number of heads are described in tales or represented in art. If beings with ever more number of heads are named, the row ends with a being that has odd (or more than ten) number of heads
l19b2The nine-headed monsterA monster with nine heads is mentioned either alone or at the end of the row of creatures with ever bigger number of heads
l72The obstacle flightRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws small objects behind him or her which turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer
l72aComb becomes a thicketRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws a comb (a brush) that turns into mighty obstacle (usually a thicket) on the way of the pursuer. (In South America the motif is probably of European origin)
l72bWhetstone becomes a mountainRunning away from a dangerous being, person throws objects that turn into mighty obstacles on the way of the pursuer. One of the thrown objects is a whetstone which turns into a mountain
l81Demon’s firePerson sets off in search of fire and finds it in the house of a demon. The demon makes harm to the person
l81aCat brings a misfortuneBecause a girl or young woman offends a cat (rare: a dog, a cock), it plays a trick that brings the girl a misfortune (usually extinguishes the fire and in search of it the girl gets to a demon)
l81a2Demon comes to drink blood of a girlWhile the men of the household are not at home, a demonic person comes to drink blood of a girl or young woman or make her harm other way. Initially the men do not understand why the girl becomes thin
l90dLips nailed to the sky and the earthA hero attaches the upper lip (jaw) of a monster to the sky, and the lower one to the ground
l93bHelpful rabbitCunning rabbit or hare saves person, helps him or her
m124A bull’s tailPerson buries a tail or head of a bull or other domestic animal with a tail or horns outside. He explains that the animal sank into the ground and usually asks the others to pull the tail (horns). When they are “torn off”, he tells that people are guilty of the animal being lost
m125Eating his own eyesPerson lies to another that he is eating his eyes. The companion agrees to be blinded. The first person extracts one of companion’s eye but gives him to eat something delicious instead. The companion believes that his eyes are good to eat and agrees to be deprived of another eye too
m135aThe wolf's reversesWolf (more rare other predator animal) comes to different (more than two species) domestic animals (animals and people) to eat them but agrees to fulfill their requests and remains without his meal and usually becomes beaten (killed)
m135bWolf regrets for being so stupidWolf (rare: jackal, fox) comes to different domestic animals (rare: only to one animal) to eat them but agrees to fulfill their demands. As a result he remains hungry and usually beaten and accuses himself that his ways were so stupid (“Am I a mollah to read?”)
m151aHolding up the rock(Animal) person pretends to hold up a rock, tree etc. and explains that otherwise it will fall
m152Why only one wolf?When a weak animal or a person gets to see a predator animal or an ogre, he says in a loud voice (or asks to say his wife or children) something that frightens the predator (ogre): why the predator (ogre) brought to him is lean (small; only one instead of several), or it is good that more food gets to his house, etc. The predator (ogre) runs away
m152aAnimal tied to another for safetyA stronger and a weaker predator animals (ogre and an animal) tie together for safety. When the stronger one runs away, he drags the weaker one along with him
m153aThe washed pigThe predator wants to eat a person or animal; the victim asks for a favor to let him first wash himself and escapes
m157The impossible giving birthPerson claims that a man or a male animal had given birth (or is menstruating) or that a female gave birth to a young of another species or that a woman gave birth to an animal
m194Traveler’s possessions dividedSeveral animals get objects possessed by a person. Dividing their booty, one animal takes all the food for himself giving the others objects that can be used only by people. Animals that received them suffer or die
m21A protector hides fugitivesThe protagonist pursued by an enemy comes across a person, an animal or an object to help him and receives help
m29b1The wolf is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the wolf suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29b2The bear is a failure/enemyBecause of its stupidity or unsocial behavior, the bear suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29b3The fox (jackal, coyote) is a failureBecause of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the fox, jackal or coyote suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29gTrickster-hare or rabbitIn episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit
m29g1Hare or rabbit as the main tricksterIn most of the episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is hare or rabbit. Not considered are traditions in which 1) trickster hare/rabbit is rare while other trickster (usually fox/jackal/coyote) typical; 2) Mesoamerican traditions in which episodes with trickster rabbit are not many and could be borrowed in post-Columbian time being of African origin
m29w2The tiger is a failure Because of its stupidity and unsocial behavior, the tiger suffers a reverse, is injured or dies
m29z1The Bald-headedA bald person acts in narratives (thence his usual name: Taz, Tazchi, Kal, Keloglan, Kechal etc.)
m39aFool takes off boots from animals’ legsTwo or three brothers live together (with their mother). One of them makes stupid actions like (all or some of them): lets free animals that got into a snare but kills his mother; cuts off the legs of domestic animals or flays them; thinks that a certain place on a head of a baby is a tumor, sucks baby's brains out; cuts a cloth into pieces and ties them to reeds of to branches of a tree; hearing a murmur of water throws food into the water; tries to build a hut not on a river bank but in the river
m39a6iAnswer betraying a theftPerson asks a servant to bring another some food or object and to pass certain words which for the servant have no meaning. Hearing these words, the recipient understands that the servant had appropriated part of what he had to bring
m39a6jThis house has no earsA girl mildly (allegorically) reproaches the person who suddenly entered the house or expresses her regret for having no dog to warn about the coming guest
m40The distorted instructionsPerson is sent to receive something of relatively low value. He asks to give him quite different object (to provide a service) and asks one who had sent him to confirm the demand. Usually a person or animal comes to a wife or a son of a powerful one and tells her or him that her (his) husband or father tells to give him food, to make love to him, to marry him, etc.
m57cGold producing animalAn animal (ass, cow, horse, goat, bear, leopard) extracts gold or food from its body or person makes others believe that it is so
m60a2False servant licks solesA servant has to lick soles or a wound of his master or mistress. The hero comes disguised as the servant and instead of licking the soles rubs them (rubs the wound) with a cut off animal tongue
m77A soiled bedWhile person is asleep, another smears with excrements or something that reminds excrements his or her bed or clothes. The ashamed person runs away or agrees to make what the trickster wants in exchange of his silence


Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition: NE Tibetans (Amdo)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Mongols (Khalkha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Koreans; Goguryeo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Kachin (Jingpho), Chak, Maru
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Mongols of Inner Mongolia
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Meo (Hmong) of Thailand, Laos and Northern Vietnam
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Oirats (incl Torgouts, Derbets, Oilots)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Viet, Muong
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Buryats: Western (Cis-Baikal)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Malay; Temuan (incl Mantra or Mentra), Jakun (Moken)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 6 Tradition:
NE Tibetans (Amdo)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Buryats: Western (Cis-Baikal)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Mongols (Khalkha)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Tuvinians of Tuva
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Central Tibetans (Yu Tsang, incl. Sikkim Tibetans, Tichurong of NW Nepal)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Eastern Tibetans (Kham; Sichuan, NW Yunnan)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Lavrung, Jiarong; Qiang (incl rGyalrong)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Hui of Xinjiang, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Qinghai (rare Hui texts from Southern and Eastern China are clustered with the Chinese ones)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tuvinians of Southern Altai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Japanese folklore outside of Ryukyu