Nambikwara



Tradition title rus: 
Намбиквара
Areal ID: 
15.6.3.4
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
81.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
44.00

Linked Motifs

MotifNameDescription
a1The old sunAnother sun, usually less benevolent and/or powerful, existed before the present one
a12Eclipses: monster’s attackSome creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light
a22dThe burned up persons turn into constellationThe burned up persons turn into a constellation or into the dark spot on the Milky Way
a3Male sun and female moonThe Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male
a31The incestuous Moon As a result of some intimate contacts and/or love affair, the Moon acquires its present appearance (often, the stains on his face) and/or ascends to the sky
a35Spots on the lunar discDark spots on the lunar disc are dirt, blood, paint, traces of beating, burning, scratching, etc. on the Moon person's body or face (Kiliwa: spots on the Sun) and do not form any particular figure
a5The Sun and the Moon are malesThe Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual
b100The acquisition of the sleepFormerly or in a certain country the sleep was not known; certain person possesses sleep, is its incarnation or teaches to sleep; the sleep is a particular substance
b114Old person turns into anteaterOld man or old woman turns into anteater (origin of anteaters)
b17Night in containerDarkness is a particular object that can be carried (usually brought from its original owner in a container)
b18Light in containerDay light (also warmth, the sun, the moon) is kept as a particular object in a container, under a cover, etc.
b27Variants of transformationsPersons ponders over what object, feature, or creature it would be appropriate for him or her to turn into. When the choice is made, the persons transforms himself or herself
b27bTransformation into starsPersons ponders over what object, feature, or creature it would be appropriate for them to turn. When the choice is made, persons turn into stars
b34Overtaken by the first nightWhen night escapes from container where it was originally preserved, men surprised by the darkness turn into birds or animals
b36Creatures acquire their physical traitsBirds, fish, reptiles, mammals intentionally or by chance are smeared with colorful substances or divide among themselves parts of somebody's body thus acquiring their present characteristics
c1The collapse of the skyCatastropic displacement of layers of the univers in the past or in the future is mentioned. Among variants (sometimes combined): the sky fell on the earth; the earth (the underworld) and the sky interchanged their positions; the earth turned upside down; the layers of the universe collapsed in one after another; they will change their place during the future cataclysm
c13The objects’ revoltDuring or before the world cataclysm (deluge, darkness) or (Suruí) in particular place at night, household objects and/or stones, trees, domestic animals turn into wild beasts and monsters
c37World catastrophe and the slothA sloth produces the world catastrophe or saves people from it
d12Food baked in the sunFirst people or inhabitants of a distant country cook food in the sun; or fire owner lies that he or she cooks food in the sun
d4aTheft of fireFire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before
e21Avenged victim of water creaturesChild fishes with poison or his or her body produces fish poison. Fish or water snake kills him or her. The perished child is avenged
e5aMankind ascends from the underworldThe first people (or only the first men or the first women) are not created but come to earth from the underworld (from a cave) or from a small enclosure under the earth or on its surface (tree trunk, rock, gourd, etc.). Many people of both sexes and of different ages or people and different species of animals come out together
f51The clandestine loverPerson who conceals his or her identity comes to his or her lover (at night). Next time, the lover puts a mark on the stranger's face, body or clothes doing this intentionally (to recognize him or her) or by chance (that leads to the identification)
f6Gouged our vaginaWoman has no vagina and it is later made by bird or animal
g18Person wants to be sacrificedA person asks people to abandon him or her in the forest, to burn or drag him or her around the future garden plot, to burn her in her house, etc. People fulfill the person's wish and find cultivated plants growing on the place
g23Alive being turns into many objectsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different objects or creatures (only etiological narratives are considered)
g23aAlive being turns into plantsPerson or creature is transformed. Separate parts of its (his, her) body give origin to different plants, mostly edible or cultivated
g31Trees tied up with a ropeTo clear a garden plot, persons put a rope around many trees and fells them all without much effort
g6Primeval treeOne of the trees is the principal, original one (emerged before all the other; ancestor of wild or cultivated plants; ocean or rivers inside it; world axis; higher than all the others; overshadows sky)
g8Restored treeA deep notch in the tree (or in the sky support) is magically restored as soon as persons or creatures who cut or gnaw it stop working
h18Hoarded game releasedGame animals were concentrated in one single place. Certain person lets them disperse in the world
h1dThe first dead is rejected by the alive peoplePerson dies and returns soon but people send him or her back, refuse to accept as a member of their community or bury again. Since then death becomes permanent
h24Container opened too earlyContainer with valuables or with dangerous creatures is opened (before time). Its content goes out of control or disappear
h28Plagues from the body of a person or creatureKilled and destroyed (often burned) person or creature (usually ogre, fierce animal, powerful shaman) turns into a multitude of biting insects or into other small molesting creatures
h4The shed skinThose who change their skin become young again
h4aProcess of rejuvenation is brokenPeople do not become young (usually do not shed their skin) anymore because certain person was bothered during rejuvenation or was not recognized by his family in his new guise
h5People and snakesReptiles or invertebrates possess the medicine of immortality; are contrasted with men as immortal with mortals and/or are responsible for originating of death; or a snake's bite inflicts the first death
i100bThe Pleiades are a group of peopleThe Pleiades are any people (of any ages and sex, combined data of i99-i100a)
i12The world axisA tree or post pierces and unites different layers of the universe
i14No-anus peoplePerson or creature has no anus opening
i3Weapon of ThunderThe lightning (and thunder) is (produced with) an object (axe, sword, mirror, belt, stones, skin, etc.) in hands of anthropomorphic being
i4aThunder in trouble: falls to earthThunder falls to earth, cannot return to the sky. Usually a human person helps him to do it
i69Star dungShining sky objects or atmospheric phenomena are excrements of sky dwellers
i72Stars are peopleStars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)
i9Colors of the cardinal directionsFour cardinal directions and/or some objects associated with them are associated with different colors
i99The Pleiades are boys or menThe Pleiades are a group of boys or men, or a group of different people but predominantly males
j1The vengeful heroesPersons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they
j17Frogs in hairInstead of lice, there are other (bigger or dangerous) creatures in the hair of some persons or he or she pretends that his or her hair is infested with them
j30Parents’ remainsBefore the hero destroys the antagonists or escapes from them, he finds or receives the remains or possessions that belonged to the antagonists' victim
j35Helpful tree-frogA tree-frog kills or neutralizes dangerous person or creature who chases heroes
j4Revenge for the death of the male relativesHeroes avenge the murder or captivity of the male relatives: (grand)father, uncles, or the elder relatives in general, the loss of the males being the most traumatic
j44The broken bridgePerson or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice
j46Enemy drownsAntagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body
k19aStar-wifeA man maries a star-woman
k20Wish for star-husband or wife realizedA human person admires a star or (rare) the Moon in the sky, expresses desire to marry it or (rare) to get a star-object. Star descends to him or to her or takes him or her to the sky
k25Magic wifeA man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world
k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)Competitions and difficult tasksPerson is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life
k27nDifficult tasks of the in-lawsA man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage
k27oBall gameA contest: ball game
k27o2To play with a dangerous ballTo kill the hero, his enemies involve him into a game with a dangerous ball (or ice, stone, bone, iron, a walrus head, a biting skull, etc.)
k27pAntagonist mourns loss of his helpersThe antagonist sends the hero to the place where he is attacked by dangerous creatures. The hero kills them and brings to the antagonist. The creatures are the antagonist's relatives, pets, or helpers, therefore he or she mourns their death or revives them
k27yy2To get a nestling of a dangerous birdsHero is sent to bring a nestling of a dangerous bird
k27yy3To get fruits of a dangerous tree Hero is sent to bring fruits which grow on a tree that is dangerous to those who come near it
k3Tree or rock grows tallerHero climbs up a tree or rock to get eggs, nestlings, fruits, honey, etc. Another person makes the tree (rock) grow higher or thicker and the hero is unable to descend back
k4The bird nesterPerson climbs up a tree or rock or descends to a cave to get eggs or nestlings from the bird's nest. Another person remains on the ground. They get into conflict and/or the first person is unable to get back to the ground
k87Marriage with an animal creates problemsA woman becomes the wife of an animal (rare: other non-human being). Her husband cares for her but ultimately the animal, the woman, her children or her relations are killed, she turns into an animal herself, animals and humans become enemies, etc.
l11Turtle-benchIn a non-human world objects of everyday life have appearance of animals and monsters, mainly fish, amphibians and reptiles
l15aVulnerable place on the bodyThe only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s or creature’s body and not in his inner organs
l24Monsters suffocatedDemons (or one of them) attack people and return to their den (usually a cave or tree hollow). People make suffocating fire around the den killing most or all of the demons
l3Husband turns into demonA demon takes appearance of a man and comes to his wife or (rare) to other woman. The woman (alone or with her child) runs away and/or kills the monster (herself or with somebody's help)
l35Demon’s hand brokenAt night, a shaman or a bush spirit comes and inserts his hand into the hut to steal food or to make this way love with a sleeping woman. A man who is in the hut cuts the hand off or breaks it
l46Head downwardPerson ascends, descends, walks head downward or sees the world upside down
l48Demons devour their comradesA man kills (usually in a tree, on a rock, at the edge of a well, of a precipice) and/or throws down one of his enemies. The other enemies do not recognize their comrade and think that their prey is falling down
l7Chasing an animal by mistakeInstead of chasing a person, a bush spirit, a monster or a dangerous animal follows by mistake an object or animal that moves nearby
m11The unclean foodPerson feeds others a food that is extracted from his, hers or somebody else’ body or is polluted by body extractions not informing about the source of the food
m12The unlucky hunterNot to return home empty-handed, a hunter or (rare) a fisherman cuts off a piece of flesh from his body (usually from his calf) or (more rare) extracts his blood or entrails. Usually he brings his flesh or blood to other people pretending that is a good game or fish; or a woman cuts off a piece of flesh from her calf to feed her husband
m47Head put to bottomsPunishing a person or animal or restoring his or its body after its disin­teg­ration, a powerful being intentionally or by chance puts head to bottoms
m70An elder person poisons a younger one with intestinal gasOld person tricks a young man into smelling her or his intestinal gas
m70aOld woman is pierced throughAn old woman defecates or breaks wind over a man. He kills her inserting a cutting object into her anus or vagina
m8Breaking the obstacleNon-human persons work hard to destroy a strong and durable obstacle that blocks access to some place or object
m8aBirds peck a rock to release prisonersBirds and sometimes also animals work hard to break from the outside or from the inside a rock, a tree truck, bonds, etc. to release some beings or themselves from confinement in a small enclosure or trap


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Warao
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Tenetehara
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Andoque
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Tacana
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Bakairi
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Yanomamo (Yanoama): Yanomam, Yanomami
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Timor: Amarasi, Tetum, Meto, Atoni (incl Mollo), Kédang (Lomblen island), Leti Islands (Leti, Moa, Lakor)

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
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Bororo
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Iranxe
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Trio
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Rikbaktsa
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Suya, Txukarramae
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Wayana, Aparai
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Bolivian Guarani: Chiriguano (including assimilated Chane Arawaks), Pauserna (=Guarasu), Guarayu, Tapiete
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
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