Yurok



Tradition title rus: 
Юрок
Areal ID: 
12.6.1.1
Language: 
Tradition analysis result motif count all: 
123.00
Tradition analysis result motif count cosmo: 
71.00
Motifs: 

Motif

a3


Name_eng: 
Male sun and female moon
Description: 

The Moon is female or bisexual, the Sun is male




Motif

a5


Name_eng: 
The Sun and the Moon are males
Description: 

The Moon is male, the Sun is also male or (much more rare) asexual




Motif

a12


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: monster’s attack
Description: 

Some creature or creatures regularly (sunrise and sunset, summer and winter, lunar phases) or irregularly (solar and lunar eclipses, eschatological events) attack the luminaries or shade their light




Motif

a12a


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: a predator animal
Description: 

During an eclipse or at other circumstances the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a predator animal (a bear, a feline, a canine, a racoon)




Motif

a12b


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: a frog or toad
Description: 

During an eclipse or at the sunset the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a frog or toad




Motif

a12c


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: reptiles and fish
Description: 

During an eclipse or at the sunset the Sun or the Moon are attacked by a reptile (a snake, a lizard, a dragon, a crocodile) or a fish




Motif

a12d


Name_eng: 
Eclipses: birds
Description: 

A bird or birds attack or shade the Sun or the Moon during an eclipse or at the sunrise and sunset




Motif

a32


Name_eng: 
Figure on lunar disc
Description: 

A figure or an imprint of some being or object are seen in the Moon. (For statistical analysis motifs A32A – A32J are also included into A32)




Motif

a32b


Name_eng: 
The Moon toad
Description: 

Frog or toad are seen in the moon or the Moon is associated with them




Motif

a37


Name_eng: 
The Sun is attacked with weapons
Description: 

Person intentionally and with special equipment (usually shooting arrows) attacks the Sun (or several suns if they were many)




Motif

a38


Name_eng: 
The Sun caught in snare
Description: 

Person prepares a snare, loop, noose, etc. to catch the Sun and/or the Sun is caught in a snare, tied by a rope, etc.




Motif

a40


Name_eng: 
The Sun or Moon marry toad
Description: 

Frog or Toad is a wife of the Sun or Moon




Motif

b3a


Name_eng: 
Primeval waters
Description: 

Water is the original element, the dry earth appears later




Motif

b7b


Name_eng: 
Waters from broken pot
Description: 

Sea, river, waters of flood flow out of a small receptacle




Motif

b16a


Name_eng: 
Sea from the urine
Description: 

The sea is produced from urine or blood




Motif

b17


Name_eng: 
Night in container
Description: 

Darkness is a particular object that can be carried (usually brought from its original owner in a container)




Motif

b18


Name_eng: 
Light in container
Description: 

Day light (also warmth, the sun, the moon) is kept as a particular object in a container, under a cover, etc.




Motif

b36


Name_eng: 
Creatures acquire their physical traits
Description: 

Birds, fish, reptiles, mammals intentionally or by chance are smeared with colorful substances or divide among themselves parts of somebody's body thus acquiring their present characteristics




Motif

b37


Name_eng: 
Creatures are made appear as they are now
Description: 

Person decorates different birds (rare: fish), share fat between anomals. Since then, the corresponding species acquire present characteristics




Motif

b38


Name_eng: 
The ruined painting
Description: 

Person paints birds or animals or they paint each other. Some of them are not satisfied with the result




Motif

b40


Name_eng: 
Rabbit as deer’s proxy
Description: 

Hare or rabbit is a false deer or it was deer in the past or a close kin of the deer or had horns or antlers or missed opportunity to get them, its ears are the false horns




Motif

b40a


Name_eng: 
Missed opportunity to have horns
Description: 

Animal who has no horns now had them before or missed opportunity to get them




Motif

b82


Name_eng: 
The white raven
Description: 

Raven or other carrion-eating bird of dark color and a similar size was originally white




Motif

b92


Name_eng: 
Flint person turns into flints
Description: 

Person whose body is extraordinary hard and invulnerable or (rare) a small object is broken to pieces that turn into flints or other hard stones (the origin of flints)




Motif

c12b


Name_eng: 
People descend from a dog
Description: 

In the beginning of time or after the flood man marries a bitch. Present people descend from them.




Motif

d4a


Name_eng: 
Theft of fire
Description: 

Fire is stolen from its original owner or brought back to the people from somebody who had stolen it before




Motif

d4e


Name_eng: 
Coyote or fox obtain fire
Description: 

Coyote or fox bring people the fire, the daylight or the Sun




Motif

d4l


Name_eng: 
Fire from the sky
Description: 

First fire is sent to earth from the sky or the ancestors ascend to the sky and bring from there fire or warmth




Motif

d7


Name_eng: 
Fire and toad
Description: 

Frog or toad possesses the fire, steals it from original owner, tries to extinguish or to save it




Motif

d9


Name_eng: 
Fire and vulture
Description: 

Raven or other big dark-feathered bird scavenger is the owner, personification, spouse, obtainer or stealer of fire, daylight, or the Sun




Motif

d10


Name_eng: 
Fire sticks are two persons
Description: 

A male and a female persons personify fire-sticks




Motif

d11


Name_eng: 
Food baked in armpits
Description: 

Before fire became known, people prepared food using warmth of their bodies (usually putting food in their armpits); or a person keeps fire in his or her armpits




Motif

d12


Name_eng: 
Food baked in the sun
Description: 

First people or inhabitants of a distant country cook food in the sun; or fire owner lies that he or she cooks food in the sun




Motif

f9


Name_eng: 
A dangerous woman
Description: 

For different reasons, sexual contact with a woman is deadly dangerous for a man




Motif

f9a


Name_eng: 
Vagina dentata
Description: 

There are teeth, blades or sharp stones in woman’s genitals, vagina is the biting mouth. (Only texts that are believed to correspond to reality are considered but not anecdotes and jokes)




Motif

f10


Name_eng: 
Vaginal teeth knocked out
Description: 

Woman has another toothed mouth (usually in vagina) or biting animals in vagina. Man inserts there a stone, bone, stick, etc. breaking or knocking out the teeth or extracting from there dangerous animals




Motif

f38


Name_eng: 
Women and sacred knowledge
Description: 

Women were possessors of the sacred knowledge, sanctuaries or ritual objects which are now taboo for them or they made attempts to acquire such a knowledge or objects




Motif

f39


Name_eng: 
The time of women
Description: 

The women dominated over the men in the past or in a far away land, were the active part in marriage relations, practiced activities which now are reserved of the men only. Or the women could obtained supremacy but failed to do it for some reason




Motif

f49


Name_eng: 
The abnormal birth
Description: 

Cesarean operation upon a woman at childbirth as a custom




Motif

f52


Name_eng: 
Pubic hair for a bird’s crest
Description: 

A bird person gets his crest putting on his head a pubic hair of a woman or part of her genitals




Motif

f55


Name_eng: 
What do you want?
Description: 

A woman cannot understand what does her partner want. She points at, names or suggests different things. At last she points at, names or exposes her genitals. This is the right answer




Motif

f67


Name_eng: 
Old woman pretends to be man
Description: 

An old woman makes herself false penis and testicles, marries or attempts to marry her (step)daughter




Motif

h12


Name_eng: 
The alive person comes to the land of the dead after somebody’s death
Description: 

The alive person comes to the land of the dead to bring back somebody who has recently died (besides stories about shamans who journey to the other world to bring back the soul of a sick person) or, having no particular aim, goes there in company of somebody who had recently died or following his or her tracks




Motif

h20


Name_eng: 
Fish disperse in the world
Description: 

All the fish or (rare) shellfish) was concentrated in one place. Certain person lets it lose or puts it into the rivers or sea




Motif

h20a


Name_eng: 
Mistress of fish loses it
Description: 

A woman (a girl, several women) keeps all the fish for herself. Man comes and lets fish escape into rivers or sea.




Motif

h34b


Name_eng: 
Rivers flow in both directions
Description: 

Rivers were flowing or according to the original plan had to flow in both directions; somewhere there is a river that flows in both directions




Motif

h34f


Name_eng: 
Walking baskets
Description: 

Baskets carried loads by themselves




Motif

i8f


Name_eng: 
One support of the world
Description: 

Only one pole or mountain supports the earth or the sky




Motif

i13a


Name_eng: 
The horned serpent
Description: 

Giant water-chthonic or sky serpent or dragon has horns or antlers on its head




Motif

i16


Name_eng: 
Body anomalies of the first people
Description: 

First human beings have no mouth, anus or genitals, their women do not know how to give birth




Motif

i17


Name_eng: 
Body anomalies of inhabitants of a distant land
Description: 

Beings without mouth, anus, genitals, whose women do not know how to give birth live in the underworld, in the sky, or in a far-away land




Motif

i22


Name_eng: 
Objects in permanent movement
Description: 

There are objects which remaining on the same place are moving permanently or periodically (meet and part. rise and fall down, shut and open, rotate)




Motif

i22a


Name_eng: 
Rising and falling sky
Description: 

The sky is constantly moving up and down in respect to earth




Motif

i22b


Name_eng: 
Birds fly to the outer world
Description: 

Migratory birds (or shamans in guise of birds) fly from our world to the outer world through the narrow opening, between clashing rocks, under the edge of the sky which is rising and falling, etc. Many birds perish; and/or the person who lives at this place feeds on these birds; the person can be mistress of birds, lives on another side of the pulsating obstacle




Motif

i47


Name_eng: 
Rainbow is filth
Description: 

Rainbow is a flatulence of a demon, a spray of a skunk, is associated with spit, urine, feces, genitals, etc., causes skin diseases, is associated with death




Motif

i49


Name_eng: 
The running earthquake
Description: 

Earthquake is a person. Whenever he or she runs or walks, the earth trembles




Motif

i65


Name_eng: 
Milky Way of the dead
Description: 

Milky Way is the path over which souls travel to the beyond or a path of the funeral procession




Motif

i72


Name_eng: 
Stars are people
Description: 

Stars are people, ghosts, anthropomorphic beings (interpretations of unique star objects like Venus or Polaris as persons not considered)




Motif

i100


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are girls
Description: 

The Pleiades are a group of girls or women (with children)




Motif

i100b


Name_eng: 
The Pleiades are a group of people
Description: 

The Pleiades are any people (of any ages and sex, combined data of i99-i100a)




Motif

j7


Name_eng: 
The changed signs
Description: 

A woman or a girl is in search of her husband (lover) or kinsmen or a man sets out on a journey to his bride. She (he) loses her (his) way because signs that should direct her or him to the right place had been changed




Motif

j12


Name_eng: 
Travelling girl walks across suitors
Description: 

A girl (or two sisters) travel, usually in search of a proper marriage partner who lives far away or who has gone away. On her way or after reaching the place of destination the girl gets to some unpleasant suitors




Motif

j13


Name_eng: 
Two sisters
Description: 

Two sisters (if more, only two play a significant role in the plot) travel and meet an unpleasant suitor or get to an ogre




Motif

j43


Name_eng: 
Bait for antagonists
Description: 

To kill his antagonists, hero lures them with an attractive object which is delicious to eat and is usually on the other side of a body of water or a canyon




Motif

j44


Name_eng: 
The broken bridge
Description: 

Person or his helper draws his enemies on the unstable bridge and destroys it. The enemies fall into water, into a precipice




Motif

j45


Name_eng: 
The stretched out leg (crane bridge)
Description: 

Person stretches his or her leg or neck as a bridge across water body. The fugitives or those who walk ahead cross the bridge; the persecutor or those who are behind usually fall because the person takes his bridge off




Motif

j46


Name_eng: 
Enemy drowns
Description: 

Antagonist perishes falling into the water or trying to cross a water body




Motif

j52


Name_eng: 
Two animal persons and their children
Description: 

A person (usually zoomorphic and female) treacherously kills her (his) companion. The victim's children revenge on the murderer killing her own children




Motif

j52a


Name_eng: 
Bear as antagonist
Description: 

A bear-person (usually Bear-woman) kills her or his female companion who is associated with a weaker animal – not a predator or a weaker predator. The victim's children revenge on the antagonist killing her own children and / or run away and escape




Motif

j53c


Name_eng: 
One of two female companions kills another
Description: 

Two co-wives of female companions live together, both have children. Once when they go to work outdoors (usually to gather wild plants), one of them kills and devours another. The victim's children escape




Motif

k1f


Name_eng: 
Conflict because of a woman
Description: 

A man maroons another because of jealousy or because he plans to take hold of his wife




Motif

k1h


Name_eng: 
Imprisoned in the tree-hollow
Description: 

Person is imprisoned in a tree-hollow or inside a rock and is released by somebody who makes a hole from outside




Motif

k2


Name_eng: 
The destroyed ladder
Description: 

Hero climbs up (e.g. to a tree) or down (e.g. into a deep cave) by ladder, rope, from branch to branch, etc. The rope etc. breaks or is intentionally destroyed and the hero cannot return to the ground. (All cases of motif K2A, besides the Koreans, also contain motif K2)




Motif

k4


Name_eng: 
The bird nester
Description: 

Person climbs up a tree or rock or descends to a cave to get eggs or nestlings from the bird's nest. Another person remains on the ground. They get into conflict and/or the first person is unable to get back to the ground




Motif

k6


Name_eng: 
Vine from body excretions
Description: 

A vine grows from person's or animal's tears, mucus, urine, etc.




Motif

k25c


Name_eng: 
Baby under a tussock
Description: 

Digging roots or gathering sea food on a beach, a woman finds baby-boy. Usually her mother warns her not to dig a certain bulb or not to do it in a certain way. Breaking taboo, the woman finds or conceives baby-boy




Motif

k27b


Name_eng: 
Ordeal: to smoke a pipe
Description: 

An ordeal: to smoke a huge or poisonous pipe or to remain alive in poisonous smoke




Motif

k27n


Name_eng: 
Difficult tasks of the in-laws
Description: 

A man must fulfill difficult tasks (to win competition) to receive the permission for a marriage




Motif

k28


Name_eng: 
Father or uncle is rival and enemy
Description: 

Maternal uncle or father (or grandfather if he replaces father who is not mentioned) of the young man is his rival or enemy and tries to kill him




Motif

k29a


Name_eng: 
Surviving in a fire
Description: 

Hero demonstrates his supernatural abilities remaining alive in a burning hot chamber, stove, bonfire, among burning vegetation




Motif

l13


Name_eng: 
The reared up monster
Description: 

A small creature is reared up by people. When it is grown up, it becomes harmful and dangerous




Motif

l14


Name_eng: 
Reared up serpent
Description: 

A small creature (often a worm or a reptile) is brought home and reared up or it becomes to live by itself in an artificial body of water. When big, it goes out of human control or becomes something huge and/or dangerous. Cf. motif L13A (The reared up monster attacks people)




Motif

l15a


Name_eng: 
Vulnerable place on the body
Description: 

The only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s or creature’s body and not in his inner organs




Motif

l40


Name_eng: 
Reflection and shadow
Description: 

Person discovers (rare:still fails to discover) another getting to see his or her shadow or reflection in water




Motif

l42


Name_eng: 
Hero carried to ogre’s home
Description: 

An ogre or ogress catches a person and brings him to his or her home where he or she plans to cook and eat him. The hero escapes




Motif

l42b


Name_eng: 
Credulous children of the ogre
Description: 

An ogre's child or (rare) wife believes in what hero tells him (or her) and releases him. Usually the hero kills the child and puts its meat to cook in the very pot where the ogre planned to cook the hero




Motif

l53


Name_eng: 
Stones into the maw
Description: 

A monstrous being is killed or neutralized by (burning hot) stones (pieces of metal, heavy fruits, etc.) thrown into its maw or anus or the being retreats when they menace to throw a stone into its maw




Motif

l56


Name_eng: 
Fire in monster’s belly
Description: 

A monster or a big animal dies when fire is kindled in its belly




Motif

l58


Name_eng: 
Avaricious man
Description: 

A man does not share food with his wife or kinsfolk. He or his food is transformed (turns into a bird, into worms, etc.) in punishment




Motif

l98


Name_eng: 
Cannibal owl
Description: 

Dangerous cannibal or bush spirit who abducts children, attacks people, etc. is associated with an owl




Motif

l118


Name_eng: 
Caught in a split log
Description: 

(Animal) person provokes another to put a part of his body into a split log (between two planks, etc.) and removes the wedge




Motif

m8


Name_eng: 
Breaking the obstacle
Description: 

Non-human persons work hard to destroy a strong and durable obstacle that blocks access to some place or object




Motif

m8a


Name_eng: 
Birds peck a rock to release prisoners
Description: 

Birds and sometimes also animals work hard to break from the outside or from the inside a rock, a tree truck, bonds, etc. to release some beings or themselves from confinement in a small enclosure or trap




Motif

m11c


Name_eng: 
Person gets lard from his body
Description: 

A male person cuts or roasts his own body to extract meat, lard or blood, cooks it and serves to his guest without injuring himself. Such a food is not considered to be unclean




Motif

m12


Name_eng: 
The unlucky hunter
Description: 

Not to return home empty-handed, a hunter or (rare) a fisherman cuts off a piece of flesh from his body (usually from his calf) or (more rare) extracts his blood or entrails. Usually he brings his flesh or blood to other people pretending that is a good game or fish; or a woman cuts off a piece of flesh from her calf to feed her husband




Motif

m22


Name_eng: 
Helpful stock
Description: 

A long-necked bird living near water (stork, heron, bittern, swan) saves person from dangerous pursuer




Motif

m29b


Name_eng: 
Trickster-fox, jackal or coyote
Description: 

In episodes related to deception, absurd, obscene or anti-social behavior the protagonist is fox, jackal or coyote




Motif

m30


Name_eng: 
Trickster falls down
Description: 

Person or creature who has no wings or is unable to fly on a long distance attempts to ascend to the sky or to fly far away but falls down or, deprived of his wings, remains in a place from which he is unable to return




Motif

m32


Name_eng: 
Anus opened
Description: 

Food or liquid that person swallows are immediately pouring out from his bottom part




Motif

m48


Name_eng: 
Trickster turns into buffalo
Description: 

Trickster asks an animal to transform him but breaks condition of transformation and acquires his original guise. Usually he asks a big horned animal (buffalo, elk) to turn him into buffalo (elk) too. Animal charges, trickster is scared. Next time he remains on the place, turns into buffalo but trying to transform the same way another person, turns back into his own self




Motif

m50


Name_eng: 
Man follows stars
Description: 

A man tries to join a group of persons who are or become stars (usually the Pleiades) but suffers a reverse; or he pursues the stars to have sexual contact or to be reintegrated with members of his family




Motif

m64


Name_eng: 
Person pretends to possess resources
Description: 

To get valuables (food, fire) concealed by their owner, person pretends that the valuables are already in his possession




Motif

m71


Name_eng: 
Picked up piece of wood
Description: 

Trickster floats down the river or falls from the height and turns into a piece of wood or into a wooden object. Somebody picks it up. Eventually, the trickster acquires his real self, usually in the host's absence




Motif

m75d


Name_eng: 
Vulture’s knife
Description: 

A man bereaves vultures of their hunting weapons or amulets




Motif

m81


Name_eng: 
Blind persons
Description: 

A man travels and comes to two or several blind (usually old) persons




Motif

m88


Name_eng: 
Involved into dance
Description: 

A man joins a group of dancing women and is killed or injured as a result




Motif

k53


Name_eng: 
Animal skins as metamorphosis amulets
Description: 

Person temporarily turns into bird or animal putting on corresponding skin or animal skins are amulets that become alive and help the person




Motif

k27 (motif is not in the correlation table)


Name_eng: 
Competitions and difficult tasks
Description: 

Person is suggested to fulfill tasks that are mortally dangerous or cannot be fulfilled without supernatural helpers or capacities. The person fulfills the tasks and remains alive. A contest between persons has form of a competition or game in which the loser is deprived of his status or life




Motif

m38


Name_eng: 
Stupid imitation (all versions)
Description: 

Person sees how others act using magic or according to their animal nature. He or she imitates their actions and gets into trouble. Actions are not heroic deeds, competitions or tests and refer to everyday activity, mostly to providing and cooking food




Motif

a39a


Name_eng: 
Twelve months
Description: 

Each of calender units (usually the months) that make the year is a separate object or person




Motif

c34


Name_eng: 
The deluge because of a wounded creature
Description: 

Killing (injuring, offending) of some cruature (usually related to water) triggers deluge




Motif

j53a


Name_eng: 
To involve in a game and to kill
Description: 

A child suggests another to play. The one who has been invited follows the rules but the initiator does not do it and kills the other




Motif

k177


Name_eng: 
The travelling heroine
Description: 

A girl or young woman sets off to find or return her fience or her husband or she escapes from a fanger and ultimately marries happily




Motif

m75


Name_eng: 
Valuables taken off the vultures
Description: 

Person attracts and catches the carrion-eaters (usually some birds) and thanks to this obtains valuables retrieves valuables (fire, woman, animals, etc.)




Motif

h12c


Name_eng: 
Orpheus: to return the dead wife
Description: 

Husband follows his dead wife to the other world but is unable to bring her back or succeeds to do it but loses her once again




Motif

f35a


Name_eng: 
Feeding with the kin’s meat
Description: 

Person does not know that he or she eats or cooks the meat of the member of his or her household (blood relation, more rare a spouse or servant) or serves it to his or her friends, or uses her or his bones for everyday needs, or slowly kills him ort her




Motif

j53c1


Name_eng: 
The grizzly-bear and the black bear
Description: 

Two women live together, both have children. One of them kills and (later) eats another. The murderer is associated with the grizzly-bear and the victim with the bear of the smaller species




Motif

h39


Name_eng: 
Snakes become dangerous (the spilled poison)
Description: 

Certain creatures (snakes, insects) get access to special substance that proved to be out of control and become poisonous or immortal; creatures obtain their characteristics (usually becomes poisonous) after drinking or licking a particular medicine




Motif

k25


Name_eng: 
Magic wife
Description: 

A man consciously marries a woman related to the non-human world




Motif

i22b1


Name_eng: 
Birds perish at the border of our world
Description: 

Some migratory birds (or shamns in guse of birds) perish when they reach the border of our world




Motif

j4a


Name_eng: 
Revenge for the death of the mother
Description: 

A woman is murdered. Her son or children (rare: grandchildren, nephews) revenge for her death




Motif

j4b


Name_eng: 
Revenge inside the family
Description: 

Children (son, sons, son and daughter) of the murdered woman or man revenge on persons who have marital or close kin relations with the victom




Motif

j1


Name_eng: 
The vengeful heroes
Description: 

Persons avenge the death of their father, mother or other relatives who are one (rare two) generations older than they





Similar traditions based on Cosmology and Etiology motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition: Wintu, Patwin, Nomlaki
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 4 Tradition:
Karok
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Coos
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Tillamook
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Barasana, Taibano, Macuna
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Muisca, Muzo
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Yupa (Yukpa)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Shuar, Achuar (Shiwiar)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Aguaruna, Huambiza
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Klamath, Modoc

Similar traditions based on Adventures and Tricks motifs:
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 5 Tradition:
Karok
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 3 Tradition:
Upper Chinook: Wasco, Wishram, Clackamas, Kathlamet
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Oregon Athabaskans: Lower Umpqua, Tututni (incl Joshua), Upper Coquille, Galice, Tolowa
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Kutenai
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Yana
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Wiyot
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Wintu, Patwin, Nomlaki
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Western Sahaptin (Upper Cowlitz, Klikitat, Tenino, Umatilla, Yakima, Wallawalla)
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Comox, Pentlatch
Shared motifs (from a list of 10 less used): 2 Tradition:
Koyukon